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Nuclear reactor safety system - Quiz
Contributed by: Ellison
  • 1. What does the Automatic Depressurization System (ADS) consist of?
A) A series of backup generators
B) A set of fuel rods
C) A series of valves
D) A network of high-pressure pumps
  • 2. Where do ADS valves typically vent steam in boiling water reactors?
A) Into the turbine building cooling towers
B) A large pool of liquid water known as the wetwell, torus, or suppression pool
C) Into the primary containment drywell only
D) Directly into the atmosphere outside the plant
  • 3. Where do ADS valves vent steam in large-dry or ice-condenser containments?
A) Directly into the primary containment structure
B) Out through the plant ventilation stack
C) Into an underground storage cavern
D) Into the secondary cooling water intake
  • 4. What is the primary function of the ADS actuation?
A) Depressurizes the reactor vessel
B) Increases the reactor vessel temperature
C) Generates emergency electrical power
D) Shuts down the nuclear chain reaction
  • 5. Depressurizing the reactor vessel allows which systems to function?
A) Lower pressure coolant injection systems
B) High-pressure turbine generators
C) External diesel generators
D) Primary off-site electrical grids
  • 6. How do lower pressure coolant injection systems compare in capacity to high pressure systems?
A) They have very large capacities
B) They have identical capacities
C) They have zero coolant capacity
D) They have much smaller capacities
  • 7. Are all depressurization systems automatic?
A) None of them are automatic or manual
B) Some are automatic, while others require manual operator activation
C) Yes, they are exclusively automatic without manual controls
D) No, they must all be manually activated by operators
  • 8. What are the valves of the system called in pressurized water reactors with large dry or ice condenser containments?
A) Turbine driven auxiliary valves
B) Residual heat removal pumps
C) Pilot-operated relief valves
D) Core spray spargers
  • 9. What are relief valves also known as?
A) Reactor Core Isolation Cooling valves (RCIC)
B) Pressure Relief Valve (PRV) or Safety Relief Valve (SRV)
C) Containment Spray Valves (CSV)
D) Low Pressure Coolant Injection valves (LPCI)
  • 10. When can relief valves be used?
A) Exclusively during a complete station blackout
B) In case of reactor overpressure or during transition between normal operation and shutdown
C) Only when the primary coolant is completely drained
D) Only during routine refueling operations
  • 11. What is the function of relief valves?
A) To inject emergency coolant into the reactor vessel
B) To reduce the pressure in the reactor vessel or in the steam lines
C) To generate auxiliary electricity for the plant
D) To increase the temperature of the core
  • 12. Where do relief valves usually discharge steam?
A) Into the core spray spargers
B) Directly into the turbine building
C) Into the wetwell where it condensates
D) Into the external environment
  • 13. What is an LPCI?
A) An emergency system consisting of a pump that injects coolant into a depressurized reactor vessel
B) An auxiliary generator used during station blackouts
C) A high-pressure system that generates steam for turbines
D) A containment cooling system that sprays water on the upper containment walls
  • 14. When does an LPCI inject coolant into the reactor vessel?
A) Only after the fuel rods have melted
B) While the reactor is at maximum operating pressure
C) Once the reactor vessel has been depressurized
D) Before any depressurization occurs
  • 15. In some nuclear power plants, what is an LPCI a mode of operation for?
A) The Reactor Core Isolation Cooling System (RCIC)
B) The containment spray system
C) A residual heat removal system (RHR or RHS)
D) The Automatic Depressurization System (ADS)
  • 16. Is an LPCI a stand-alone valve or system?
A) No, it is generally not a stand-alone valve or system
B) Yes, it is a standalone steam turbine
C) Yes, it operates completely independently of all other systems
D) Yes, it is a standalone electrical generator
  • 17. In which type of reactors is the core spray system found?
A) In both BWRs and PWRs equally
B) Only in BWRs
C) Only in pressurized water reactors (PWRs)
D) Only in gas-cooled reactors
  • 18. What does the core spray system use within the reactor pressure vessel?
A) Steam turbine driven cooling pumps
B) Large storage tanks and massive pistons
C) Spargers (pipes fitted with an array of many small spray nozzles)
D) Pilot-operated relief valves
  • 19. Where do the spargers in the core spray system spray water?
A) Into the secondary cooling water circuit
B) Into the upper portion of the primary containment structure
C) Into the wetwell suppression pool
D) Directly onto the fuel rods
  • 20. What is the purpose of spraying water directly onto the fuel rods in a core spray system?
A) Increasing the reactor pressure
B) Suppressing the generation of steam
C) Generating additional electrical power
D) Heating up the primary coolant loop
  • 21. What modes can reactor designs include for the core spray system?
A) Primary and secondary cooling modes
B) Automatic and manual-only modes
C) High-pressure and low-pressure modes
D) Electrical and battery-powered modes
  • 22. What does the containment spray system consist of?
A) A series of pumps and spargers
B) A network of electrical batteries
C) A series of high-pressure relief valves
D) A steam turbine and pneumatic controls
  • 23. Where does the containment spray system spray coolant?
A) Into the upper portion of the primary containment structure
B) Directly onto the reactor fuel rods
C) Into the wetwell or torus pool
D) Into the turbine and control buildings
  • 24. What is the containment spray system designed to do?
A) Condense steam into liquid within the primary containment structure
B) Depressurize the reactor vessel to allow LPCI to function
C) Provide auxiliary power during a station blackout
D) Cool the reactor building when isolated from the control building
  • 25. What could overpressure and overtemperature in the containment structure lead to if not prevented?
A) Complete electrical grid stabilization
B) Enhanced cooling efficiency of the fuel rods
C) Immediate reactor shutdown and core freezing
D) Leakage, followed by involuntary depressurization
  • 26. What often drives the isolation cooling system?
A) A high-capacity battery bank
B) An emergency diesel generator
C) Off-site electrical power
D) A steam turbine
  • 27. What is the purpose of the isolation cooling system?
A) To increase pressure in the steam lines during normal operation
B) To spray coolant directly onto the upper containment structure
C) To provide enough water to safely cool the reactor if the reactor building is isolated
D) To act as the primary pump for the residual heat removal system
  • 28. What type of controls do steam turbine driven cooling pumps use in the isolation cooling system?
A) Electrical digital controls
B) Pneumatic controls
C) Computerized robotic controls
D) Manual hydraulic levers
  • 29. How can steam turbine driven cooling pumps with pneumatic controls run?
A) Only when connected to full off-site electrical power
B) At mechanically controlled adjustable speeds, without battery power, emergency generator, or off-site electrical power
C) Exclusively using emergency backup battery power
D) Only when assisted by an emergency diesel generator
  • 30. The isolation cooling system is a defensive system against what condition?
A) Reactor overpressure during normal startup
B) Station blackout
C) Core spray sparger blockage
D) Involuntary containment leakage
  • 31. Is the isolation cooling system part of the ECCS?
A) Yes, it is the primary component of the ECCS
B) No, it is not part of the ECCS
C) Yes, but only in pressurized water reactors
D) Yes, it shares all circuits with the ECCS
  • 32. Does the isolation cooling system have a low coolant accident function?
A) No, it does not have a low coolant accident function
B) Yes, but only in boiling water reactors
C) Yes, that is its primary function during a loss of coolant
D) Yes, alongside its station blackout function
  • 33. In pressurized water reactors, what does the isolation cooling system act in?
A) The wetwell suppression pool
B) The core spray injection loop
C) The secondary cooling circuit
D) The primary cooling circuit
  • 34. What is the isolation cooling system called in pressurized water reactors?
A) Reactor Core Isolation Cooling System (RCIC)
B) Turbine driven auxiliary feedwater system
C) Automatic Depressurization System (ADS)
D) Low Pressure Coolant Injection system (LPCI)
  • 35. In boiling water reactors, what does the isolation cooling system act in?
A) The secondary auxiliary cooling circuit only
B) The containment spray structure
C) The residual heat removal piping network
D) The primary cooling circuit, also known as Main Cooling Circuit (MCC)
  • 36. What is the isolation cooling system called in boiling water reactors?
A) Pilot-operated relief valve system
B) Low Pressure Coolant Injection system
C) Turbine driven auxiliary feedwater system
D) Reactor Core Isolation Cooling System (RCIC)
  • 37. How many primary objectives of nuclear reactor safety systems are defined by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission?
A) Five
B) Three
C) Two
D) Four
  • 38. Which organization defined the three primary objectives of nuclear reactor safety systems?
A) Environmental Protection Agency
B) International Atomic Energy Agency
C) U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
D) Department of Energy
  • 39. Which of the following materials is typically NOT used in control rods?
A) Boron
B) Actinides
C) Lanthanides
D) Plastic polymers
  • 40. What is used as structural backing for control rod alloys?
A) Concrete
B) Rubber
C) Steel
D) Titanium
  • 41. What type of lubrication is required for control rods due to high core temperatures?
A) Self-lubricating metal on metal
B) Petroleum-based grease
C) Liquid boron lubricant
D) High-viscosity synthetic oil
  • 42. What chemical compound is contained in the standby liquid control (SLC) system solution?
A) Boric acid
B) Sodium hydroxide
C) Hydrochloric acid
D) Sulfuric acid
  • 43. Can pressurized water reactors (PWRs) SCRAM using control rods?
A) No
B) Only when backup cooling fails
C) Yes
D) Only during refueling
  • 44. What concentration level of boron is found in the backup cooling water sources for PWRs during a LOCA?
A) Trace concentration
B) Moderate concentration
C) Zero concentration
D) High concentration
  • 45. What feature allows the ECCS to shut down the plant even with subsystem failures?
A) Advanced digital control software
B) Higher electrical voltage capacity
C) Redundancy
D) Manual mechanical override levers
  • 46. What forms the final redundant backup electrical system?
A) The main generator
B) Motor-generators
C) Batteries
D) Diesel generators
  • 47. What is the fuel cladding designed to protect the fuel from?
A) Corrosion
B) Mechanical vibration
C) High voltage
D) Magnetic fields
  • 48. What does fuel cladding serve to trap?
A) Neutron flux
B) Coolant water
C) Fission products
D) Control rods
  • 49. What material is the thick flat floor in the primary containment made of?
A) Diluted corium
B) Activated charcoal
C) Concrete
D) Basaltic steel
  • 50. Which plant is mentioned as not having a containment building?
A) The Chernobyl plant
B) The SNR-300
C) The AREVA EPR
D) The ABWR
  • 51. What eventually stopped the core at the Chernobyl plant?
A) The concrete foundation
B) Water circulating in the floor
C) An active standby gas treatment system
D) A core catching device
  • 52. What was quickly dug under the Chernobyl plant due to core melt concerns?
A) A secondary containment vault
B) A drainage tunnel
C) A mine
D) A cooling water reservoir
  • 53. Which reactors are equipped with core-catchers in the bottom of the containment building today?
A) All American PWRs
B) All new Russian-designed reactors
C) Only the Chernobyl plant
D) All BWRs
  • 54. Which of the following reactors features a core catcher?
A) IEEE 279
B) ANSI N18.2
C) AREVA EPR
D) Chernobyl
  • 55. Which reactor has a thick layer of basaltic concrete floor specifically designed to catch the core?
A) The Atmea I
B) The SNR-300
C) The ESBWR
D) The ABWR
  • 56. Which filter type is included in each SGTS train?
A) Basaltic concrete filter
B) Metal-diluting filter
C) Activated charcoal filter
D) Turbine moisture separator
  • 57. What do control room ventilation systems often consist of to remove radioactive isotopes?
A) Mist eliminators and roughing filters
B) Activated charcoal filters
C) Basaltic concrete floors
D) Electric heaters
  • 58. In what month and year was ANSI N18.2 published?
A) December 279
B) August 1979
C) January 1973
D) August 1973
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