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Spanish colonial architecture - Quiz
Contributed by: Godfrey
  • 1. Which mendicant orders were responsible for building churches on pre-Hispanic temple sites?
A) Augustinians, Dominicans, and Jesuits
B) Franciscans, Jesuits, and Carmelites
C) Jesuits, Benedictines, and Franciscans
D) Franciscans, Dominicans, and Augustinians
  • 2. Why were large open-air atriums built in early Mexican church complexes?
A) To act as a burial ground for local leaders
B) To serve as marketplaces for the community
C) To accommodate large numbers of indigenous neophytes
D) To provide a space for military training
  • 3. How were Augustinian churches in Mexico described by their critics?
A) Opulent and sumptuous
B) Simple and austere
C) Fortified and defensive
D) Small and practical
  • 4. What led to the decrease in the indigenous population attending elaborate churches in 16th-century Mexico?
A) Epidemics
B) Forced migration
C) Religious persecution
D) Civil war
  • 5. What distinguished the location of mission complexes in northern Mexico from churches in central Mexico?
A) They were built along the coastline for naval access
B) They were built on the frontier where settlements did not previously exist
C) They were built inside existing major cities
D) They were built exclusively on high mountain peaks
  • 6. What is the Jesuit-coined term for the mixed architecture of wood and stone houses in the Philippines?
A) Bahay Filipino
B) Earthquake Baroque
C) Arquitectura mestiza
D) Estilo colonial
  • 7. What are the traditional Filipino houses that served as the base for the bahay na bato design?
A) Teja de curva structures
B) Adobe colonial homes
C) Nipa hut or bahay kubo
D) Spanish brick cottages
  • 8. What structural adaptation was made to Philippine churches to withstand frequent earthquakes?
A) Tall, slender spires for aesthetic appeal
B) Use of iron frameworks instead of stone
C) Building churches exclusively underground
D) Lower and wider proportions with thick, buttressed walls
  • 9. Why were some bell towers in the Philippines detached from the main church building?
A) To prevent damage to the church if the tower collapsed
B) To allow for better sound travel
C) To separate the secular and sacred functions
D) To hide them from pirate invaders
  • 10. What material replaced thatched nipa roofs on Filipino houses in the late 19th century?
A) Copper sheeting
B) Galvanized iron
C) Clay tiles
D) Concrete slabs
  • 11. What was a secondary function of many bell towers in the Philippines?
A) Grain storage
B) Watchtowers against pirates
C) Living quarters for monks
D) Administrative offices
  • 12. In the Philippines, what characterizes the design of the lower levels of bell towers compared to the top?
A) They have larger windows
B) They are made of wood instead of stone
C) They are painted with elaborate frescoes
D) They have a thicker girth
  • 13. What defined the Dominican style of church building in Mexico?
A) Highly ornamented
B) Small and compact
C) Lacking any decoration
D) Extremely simple
  • 14. In what year were the royal ordinances regarding city planning written?
A) 1513
B) 1521
C) 1790
D) 1500
  • 15. According to the 1513 ordinances, what factor determined street width?
A) Religious importance
B) Amount of tax revenue
C) Climatic conditions
D) The number of horses
  • 16. What is the term for the layout pattern used in Spanish American cities?
A) Traza
B) Vecinos
C) Reducción
D) Congregación
  • 17. Which of these was located around the central plaza in a colonial city?
A) Military barracks for soldiers
B) Town council building
C) Foreign embassies
D) The city outskirts
  • 18. How were the streets oriented relative to the main plaza?
A) Diagonally to maximize sunlight
B) At right angles
C) Following the natural flow of rivers
D) In a circular pattern
  • 19. Who was known as 'the good geometer'?
A) The King of Spain
B) A nameless Spanish architect
C) Alonso García Bravo
D) Hernán Cortés
  • 20. What historical evidence indicates that there was no absolute racial segregation in the 1790 Mexico City traza?
A) Elite households had non-white servants
B) Laws forbade any segregation in housing
C) The census shows equal land distribution
D) The streets were too narrow to enforce segregation
  • 21. What determined the growth of the grid pattern in colonial settlements?
A) The number of royal decrees
B) The wealth of the governor
C) Geography
D) The size of the religious temple
  • 22. What is the current status of the checkerboard layout in modern Latin American towns?
A) It has been completely abolished by law
B) It is often still retained
C) It only exists in Mexico City
D) It is considered a historical myth
  • 23. When were the Laws of the Indies generally prescribed for city building?
A) About three decades into colonization
B) Only after the fall of the Aztec Empire
C) After the 1790 census
D) Immediately upon arrival in 1492
  • 24. What is another name for Spanish colonial architecture?
A) Baroque fusion
B) Mediterranean revival
C) Empire colonial
D) Hispanic colonial architecture
  • 25. Spanish colonial style is often marked by the contrast between simple construction and what other element?
A) Gothic structuralism
B) Renaissance minimalism
C) Neoclassical symmetry
D) Baroque ornamentation
  • 26. Which country has the most UNESCO World Heritage sites in the Americas?
A) Guatemala
B) Cuba
C) Mexico
D) Ecuador
  • 27. What style was popular in Mexico between the late 17th century and 1750, characterized by visually frenetic details?
A) Pure Baroque
B) Indigenous Renaissance
C) Spanish Neoclassical
D) Mexican Churrigueresque
  • 28. What specific style is Antigua Guatemala famous for?
A) Pure Neoclassical
B) Minimalist Gothic
C) Mudéjar-influenced Baroque
D) Modernist Colonial
  • 29. What is the oldest continuously inhabited European-established city in the Americas?
A) St. Augustine
B) Havana
C) Santo Domingo
D) Mexico City
  • 30. What material, containing small mollusk shells, was used in St. Augustine architecture?
A) Adobe brick
B) Red sandstone
C) Coquina
D) Limestone marble
  • 31. According to UNESCO, which city has the best-preserved historic center in Latin America?
A) San Juan
B) Quito
C) Cartagena
D) Puebla
  • 32. When was St. Augustine established?
A) 1613
B) 1598
C) 1502
D) 1565
  • 33. The Casa de los Azulejos in Mexico City is known for being clad in what material?
A) Red clay bricks
B) Blue-and-white talavera tiles
C) Hand-painted limestone
D) Polished granite slabs
  • 34. Which of these is NOT listed as a famous Colonial-style city in Mexico?
A) Cancún
B) Puebla
C) Guanajuato
D) Zacatecas
  • 35. Which empire is credited with spreading the idea of city grids across European empires?
A) Spanish Empire
B) French Empire
C) British Empire
D) Roman Empire
  • 36. What were the grid-like villages built by the French during the Renaissance called?
A) Ville-neuves
B) Barrios
C) Plazas
D) Bastides
  • 37. Which English monarch adopted grid-like town planning?
A) King Henry VIII
B) King George III
C) King Richard the Lionheart
D) King Edward I
  • 38. How did Spanish settlements in the New World grow during the first three to four decades?
A) In a strict grid
B) In circular patterns
C) Following Roman instructions
D) Amorphously
  • 39. Did Ferdinand II provide specific layout instructions for settlements in the Caribbean in 1501?
A) Yes, for every island
B) No
C) Yes, he provided a detailed map
D) Yes, specifically for Cuba
  • 40. Who was the recipient of Ferdinand II's instructions in 1501 regarding settlements?
A) Christopher Columbus
B) Nicolas De Ovando
C) Hernan Cortes
D) King Edward I
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