A) Socrates and Plato B) Gottfried Leibniz and Baruch Spinoza C) René Descartes and John Locke D) Immanuel Kant and David Hume
A) Merchant B) University professor C) Lens grinder D) Lawyer
A) The social contract B) The categorical imperative C) God or Nature (Deus sive Natura) D) The theory of forms
A) Calculus B) Algebra C) Geometry D) Statistics
A) They never engaged with each other's work B) Leibniz was deeply influenced but hid his debt to Spinoza C) They were close collaborators D) They were bitter public rivals
A) Forms B) Ideas C) Monads D) Atoms
A) As the body determining the mind B) As completely separate entities C) As the mind controlling the body D) As two aspects of the same substance
A) Absolute monarchy B) Democratic republic C) Anarchy D) Theocracy
A) To debate him publicly B) To convert him to Christianity C) To seek financial support D) To discuss Spinoza's unpublished Ethics
A) He strongly advocated for it B) He supported it only for Christians C) He opposed it D) He was indifferent to it
A) Leibniz saw God as evil B) Leibniz denied God's existence C) Leibniz believed in a personal, choosing God D) Leibniz believed in multiple gods
A) Meditations B) The Republic C) Ethics D) Critique of Pure Reason
A) Teaching at a university B) Working as a lawyer C) Receiving royal patronage D) Grinding optical lenses
A) Our world is the worst possible B) All worlds are equally good C) We live in the best of all possible worlds D) Worlds cannot be compared
A) Rebelling against authority B) Following religious commandments C) Pursuing personal desires D) Understanding necessity and acting rationally
A) Reuniting Catholic and Protestant churches B) Abolishing all organized religion C) Converting all Jews to Christianity D) Creating a new universal religion
A) Reason is insufficient for knowledge B) Only God needs no reason C) Everything has a sufficient reason for being D) Reasons are always deceptive
A) Everything happens by random chance B) Only humans have free will C) The universe is constantly chaotic D) God synchronized all monads at creation
A) He denied they ever happened B) He explained them as natural events C) He saw them as divine magic D) He avoided discussing them
A) He tried to destroy all copies B) He praised it openly and often C) He ignored it completely D) He criticized it publicly but used its ideas
A) Amsterdam B) The Hague C) Berlin D) Paris
A) Had no influence on his thinking B) Made him more radical C) Made him cautious about controversial views D) Forced him to abandon philosophy
A) 15th century B) 18th century C) 16th century D) 17th century
A) Pantheism B) Dualism C) Empiricism D) Skepticism |