A) Socrates and Plato B) Immanuel Kant and David Hume C) Gottfried Leibniz and Baruch Spinoza D) René Descartes and John Locke
A) Merchant B) Lens grinder C) University professor D) Lawyer
A) The theory of forms B) The social contract C) The categorical imperative D) God or Nature (Deus sive Natura)
A) Statistics B) Calculus C) Algebra D) Geometry
A) They were close collaborators B) Leibniz was deeply influenced but hid his debt to Spinoza C) They were bitter public rivals D) They never engaged with each other's work
A) Ideas B) Monads C) Atoms D) Forms
A) As two aspects of the same substance B) As completely separate entities C) As the body determining the mind D) As the mind controlling the body
A) Absolute monarchy B) Democratic republic C) Theocracy D) Anarchy
A) To convert him to Christianity B) To seek financial support C) To debate him publicly D) To discuss Spinoza's unpublished Ethics
A) He strongly advocated for it B) He was indifferent to it C) He opposed it D) He supported it only for Christians
A) Leibniz believed in multiple gods B) Leibniz saw God as evil C) Leibniz believed in a personal, choosing God D) Leibniz denied God's existence
A) Meditations B) Ethics C) The Republic D) Critique of Pure Reason
A) Working as a lawyer B) Grinding optical lenses C) Receiving royal patronage D) Teaching at a university
A) Worlds cannot be compared B) All worlds are equally good C) We live in the best of all possible worlds D) Our world is the worst possible
A) Following religious commandments B) Pursuing personal desires C) Understanding necessity and acting rationally D) Rebelling against authority
A) Abolishing all organized religion B) Reuniting Catholic and Protestant churches C) Converting all Jews to Christianity D) Creating a new universal religion
A) Reasons are always deceptive B) Everything has a sufficient reason for being C) Reason is insufficient for knowledge D) Only God needs no reason
A) The universe is constantly chaotic B) Everything happens by random chance C) God synchronized all monads at creation D) Only humans have free will
A) He avoided discussing them B) He saw them as divine magic C) He denied they ever happened D) He explained them as natural events
A) He criticized it publicly but used its ideas B) He tried to destroy all copies C) He praised it openly and often D) He ignored it completely
A) Paris B) Amsterdam C) Berlin D) The Hague
A) Made him more radical B) Had no influence on his thinking C) Made him cautious about controversial views D) Forced him to abandon philosophy
A) 15th century B) 16th century C) 18th century D) 17th century
A) Empiricism B) Skepticism C) Pantheism D) Dualism |