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(CLJ 1) INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILIPPINE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM (IPCJS)
Contributed by: Ninge
  • 1. The Criminal Justice System refers to the network of institutions that ____.
A) Protect criminals
B) Punish offenders only
C) Encourage deviance
D) Prevent and control crime
  • 2. The term “Criminal Justice System” emphasizes ____.
A) Police dominance
B) Judicial supremacy
C) Interdependence of institutions
D) Political control
  • 3. The ultimate goal of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Legal education
B) Economic development
C) Political stability
D) Public safety and order
  • 4. How many pillars make up the Philippine Criminal Justice System?
A) Five
B) Four
C) Three
D) Six
  • 5. The first pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Courts
B) Corrections
C) Law enforcement
D) Prosecution
  • 6. The second pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Community
B) Prosecution
C) Law enforcement
D) Corrections
  • 7. The third pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Community
B) Corrections
C) Law enforcement
D) Courts or Judiciary
  • 8. The fourth pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Prosecution
B) Law enforcement
C) Judiciary
D) Corrections
  • 9. The fifth pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Judiciary
B) Law enforcement
C) Community
D) Prosecution
  • 10. The Criminal Justice System is a mechanism for ____.
A) Maintaining peace and order
B) Economic growth
C) Political control
D) Media management
  • 11. The Criminal Justice System starts functioning when ____.
A) A person is arrested
B) A crime is committed and reported
C) The prosecutor files a case
D) The judge issues a warrant
  • 12. Which is NOT a component of the Criminal Justice System?
A) Judiciary
B) Prosecution
C) Legislative branch
D) Law enforcement
  • 13. The police are under which pillar of the system?
A) Community
B) Prosecution
C) Judiciary
D) Law enforcement
  • 14. The fiscal or public prosecutor belongs to which pillar?
A) Judiciary
B) Corrections
C) Prosecution
D) Law enforcement
  • 15. Judges and courts are part of which pillar?
A) Prosecution
B) Corrections
C) Judiciary
D) Law enforcement
  • 16. Jails and prisons are under which pillar?
A) Law enforcement
B) Judiciary
C) Prosecution
D) Corrections
  • 17. The community pillar represents ____.
A) Political leaders
B) People’s participation in crime prevention
C) Social workers only
D) The police and military
  • 18. The system is called “interdependent” because ____.
A) Police control the courts
B) Prosecutors are above judges
C) Each pillar affects the others
D) Community acts alone
  • 19. The concept of justice means ____.
A) Punishing everyone
B) Protecting only the rich
C) Giving each person his or her due
D) Supporting criminals
  • 20. A criminal case proceeds from one pillar to another in a ____.
A) Economic plan
B) Political decision
C) Random order
D) Sequential process
  • 21. The main responsibility of law enforcement is to ____.
A) Judge cases
B) Prevent and control crime
C) Reform inmates
D) Prosecute offenders
  • 22. The first contact of a crime suspect with the system is through the ____.
A) Judge
B) Police
C) Prosecutor
D) Jail officer
  • 23. The Philippine National Police was created under ____.
A) . RA 4864
B) Republic Act 6975
C) RA 8551
D) RA 7438
  • 24. The PNP is under which government department?
A) Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
B) Department of Defense
C) Department of Justice
D) Office of the President
  • 25. The PNP was reorganized under ____.
A) RA 7438
B) RA 9165
C) RA 8551 (PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998)
D) RA 6975
  • 26. The chief of the PNP holds the rank of ____.
A) Police Director
B) Chief Superintendent
C) Police Colonel
D) Police General
  • 27. The power of arrest without warrant is allowed when ____.
A) The judge orders it
B) The prosecutor requests it
C) The crime is committed in the officer’s presence
D) The suspect is at home
  • 28. The Miranda Doctrine protects the suspect’s right to ____.
A) Escape arrest
B) Confess freely
C) Leave the country
D) Remain silent and have counsel
  • 29. The law that defines the rights of persons arrested or under custodial investigation is ____.
A) RA 6975
B) RA 9745
C) RA 8551
D) RA 7438
  • 30. The term “law enforcement” means ____.
A) Court interpretation
B) Correctional management
C) Application of the law by authorized officers
D) Creation of laws
  • 31. The Integrated National Police and the Philippine Constabulary were merged into the PNP in ____.
A) 1987
B) 1995
C) 1991
D) 2000
  • 32. The PNP is civilian in character as provided in the ____.
A) 1973 Constitution
B) 1987 Constitution
C) 1935 Constitution
D) Bill of Rights
  • 33. The law that governs anti-illegal drugs operations is ____.
A) RA 6975
B) RA 3815
C) RA 8353
D) RA 9165
  • 34. The National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM) exercises ____.
A) Administrative control and supervision over the PNP
B) Legislative power
C) Operational command
D) Judicial power
  • 35. The community can assist police in crime prevention through ____.
A) Vigilante groups
B) Secret societies
C) Barangay tanods and volunteer groups
D) Private armies
  • 36. The crime prevention program involving cooperation of citizens is called ____.
A) Police militarization
B) Criminal profiling
C) Martial law
D) Community-oriented policing
  • 37. The PNP motto is ____.
A) “Peace and Prosperity
B) “Law and Order”
C) “To Serve and Protect
D) “Honor and Duty”
  • 38. Police visibility aims to ____.
A) Deter the commission of crime
B) Improve politics
C) Increase fines
D) Train prosecutors
  • 39. A police blotter is used to record ____.
A) Prosecution records
B) Court decisions
C) Crimes and incidents reported
D) Prison escapes
  • 40. The PNP Internal Affairs Service (IAS) ensures ____.
A) Rewards
B) Promotions
C) Amnesty
D) Integrity and discipline within the police force
  • 41. The primary function of the prosecution pillar is to ____.
A) Determine probable cause and file cases in court
B) Arrest suspects
C) Rehabilitate inmates
D) Judge offenders
  • 42. Prosecutors are under which government department?
A) Department of Justice (DOJ)
B) DILG
C) Supreme Court
D) CHR
  • 43. The DOJ is headed by the ____.
A) Secretary of Justice
B) Chief Justice
C) Solicitor General
D) Ombudsman
  • 44. Preliminary investigation is conducted to ____.
A) Sentence offenders
B) Execute arrest
C) File civil suits
D) Determine probable cause
  • 45. The National Prosecution Service is under the ____.
A) Supreme Court
B) Department of Justice
C) Senate
D) DILG
  • 46. The Ombudsman investigates ____.
A) Military officers
B) Police trainees
C) Public officials accused of crimes
D) Private citizens
  • 47. The fiscal is another term for ____.
A) Judge
B) Police officer
C) Defense attorney
D) Public prosecutor
  • 48. Probable cause means ____.
A) Hearsay evidence
B) Complete proof of guilt
C) Political motive
D) Reasonable grounds to believe a crime was committed
  • 49. The resolution after a preliminary investigation is submitted to the ____.
A) Prison
B) Police
C) Court
D) Community
  • 50. The prosecution represents the ____.
A) Private sector
B) Accused
C) Complainant only
D) State or People of the Philippines
  • 51. The main function of the Judiciary is to ____.
A) Interpret the law and render justice
B) Make laws
C) Enforce the law
D) Punish police officers
  • 52. The highest court in the Philippines is the ____.
A) Court of Appeals
B) Regional Trial Court
C) Sandiganbayan
D) Supreme Court
  • 53. The Supreme Court is composed of ____.
A) Fifteen Associate Justices
B) One Chief Justice and Fourteen Associate Justices
C) Ten Justices
D) One Chief Justice and Ten Associate Justices
  • 54. The power of judicial review means the court can ____.
A) Declare a law unconstitutional
B) Amend the Constitution
C) Make new laws
D) Execute laws
  • 55. The Constitution that established the present judiciary structure is the ____.
A) 1946 Constitution
B) 1973 Constitution
C) 1987 Constitution
D) 1935 Constitution
  • 56. The special court for government corruption cases is the ____.
A) Ombudsman
B) Civil Service Commission
C) Court of Appeals
D) Sandiganbayan
  • 57. The People of the Philippines is always the ____.
A) Respondent
B) Defendant
C) Complainant or plaintiff in criminal cases
D) Accused
  • 58. The regular trial courts in the Philippines include the ____.
A) Court of Tax Appeals
B) Barangay Courts
C) Regional Trial Courts (RTCs)
D) Sandiganbayan
  • 59. The lowest courts in the judicial hierarchy are the ____.
A) Municipal Trial Courts (MTCs)
B) Court of Appeals
C) Regional Trial Courts
D) Supreme Court
  • 60. The Court of Appeals primarily handles ____.
A) Appeals from lower courts
B) Police cases
C) Administrative cases only
D) Barangay disputes
  • 61. The Family Courts handle cases involving ____.
A) Traffic violations
B) Juveniles and family-related offenses
C) Tax disputes
D) Labor cases
  • 62. The constitutional right to a fair trial means ____.
A) Political influence
B) Closed-door session
C) Fast conviction
D) Impartial hearing with due process
  • 63. A person cannot be convicted without ____.
A) Media coverage
B) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
C) Police testimony alone
D) A confession
  • 64. The presumption of innocence remains until ____.
A) Charged by the prosecutor
B) Interrogated
C) Arrested by police
D) Proven guilty in court
  • 65. The Judiciary is independent to ensure ____.
A) Government funding
B) Law enforcement power
C) Political loyalty
D) Fair and impartial justice
  • 66. Judicial power includes ____.
A) Controlling the police
B) Appointing prosecutors
C) Making new laws
D) Settling controversies involving rights
  • 67. The doctrine that a case once decided cannot be reopened is called ____.
A) Habeas corpus
B) Locus standi
C) Stare decisis
D) Res judicata
  • 68. The Latin phrase “stare decisis” means ____.
A) To delay decision
B) To stand by decided cases
C) To retry an accused
D) To dismiss a case
  • 69. A person deprived of liberty may file a petition for ____.
A) Writ of Execution
B) Writ of Habeas Corpus
C) Writ of Attachment
D) Writ of Amparo
  • 70. The Writ of Amparo protects citizens against ____.
A) Deportation
B) Property seizure
C) Threats to life, liberty, and security
D) Arrest for crime
  • 71. The main purpose of the Corrections Pillar is to ____.
A) Punish offenders cruelly
B) Eliminate criminals
C) Rehabilitate offenders and prepare them for reintegration
D) Enforce the law
  • 72. The Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) operates under the ____.
A) DILG
B) Department of Justice (DOJ)
C) NAPOLCOM
D) Supreme Court
  • 73. The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) is under the ____.
A) CHR
B) Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
C) DOJ
D) DSWD
  • 74. Prisons are managed by ____.
A) Bureau of Corrections (BuCor)
B) BJMP
C) PNP
D) CHR
  • 75. Jails are managed by ____.
A) BuCor
B) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)
C) DSWD
D) AFP
  • 76. The primary correctional institution for national prisoners is the ____.
A) New Bilibid Prison
B) Davao Penal Colony
C) Correctional Institution for Women
D) Iwahig Penal Colony
  • 77. Prisoners serving less than 3 years are usually confined in ____.
A) Prisons
B) Penal colonies
C) Rehabilitation centers
D) Jails
  • 78. The concept of “reformation” means ____.
A) Isolating prisoners forever
B) Using fear to control inmates
C) Torturing offenders
D) Changing offender behavior to conform to law
  • 79. Parole is granted to prisoners who ____.
A) Are minors
B) Are under trial
C) Are politically connected
D) Show good behavior after serving part of the sentence
  • 80. Probation is an alternative to ____.
A) Bail
B) Appeal
C) Imprisonment
D) Fine
  • 81. The law creating the Probation System in the Philippines is ____.
A) Presidential Decree 968
B) RA 10575
C) RA 6975
D) RA 7438
  • 82. The Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) operates under the ____.
A) Department of Justice (DOJ)
B) CSC
C) DILG
D) Supreme Court
  • 83. The term “corrections” was first used to replace ____.
A) Criminalistics
B) Penology
C) Criminology
D) Police science
  • 84. Prisoner rehabilitation aims to ____.
A) Increase punishment
B) Encourage revenge
C) Promote fear
D) Restore offender’s moral and social values
  • 85. Community-based corrections include ____.
A) Imprisonment
B) Death penalty
C) Life sentence
D) Parole, Probation, and Pardon
  • 86. The community is considered the ____ pillar of the CJS.
A) Third
B) Fifth
C) First
D) Fourth
  • 87. The main role of the community is to ____.
A) Replace police
B) Control courts
C) Support rehabilitation and crime prevention programs
D) Punish offenders
  • 88. The Barangay Justice System is created under ____.
A) RA 7438
B) RA 6975
C) Katarungang Pambarangay Law (RA 7160)
D) RA 8551
  • 89. The head of the Barangay Justice System is the ____.
A) Barangay Kagawad
B) Barangay Captain (Punong Barangay)
C) Chief Tanod
D) Barangay Secretary
  • 90. The primary purpose of the Barangay Justice System is ____.
A) Fine collection
B) Political control
C) Amicable settlement of disputes
D) Imprisonment
  • 91. The community pillar emphasizes ____.
A) Political power
B) Judicial independence
C) Police operations
D) Citizen participation in crime prevention
  • 92. The Human Rights Commission (CHR) was established under ____.
A) RA 7438
B) 1987 Constitution, Article XIII
C) 1973 Constitution
D) RA 6975
  • 93. The term “Restorative Justice” focuses on ____.
A) Punishing the criminal harshly
B) Isolating offenders
C) Ignoring the victim
D) Repairing harm between offender, victim, and community
  • 94. The Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act is ____.
A) RA 8551
B) RA 7438
C) RA 9165
D) Republic Act 9344
  • 95. The age of criminal responsibility under RA 9344 is ____.
A) 18 years old
B) 12 years old
C) 15 years old and below
D) 16 years old
  • 96. Children in conflict with the law (CICL) are handled by ____.
A) DSWD and Bahay Pag-asa Centers
B) Police stations only
C) BuCor
D) BJMP
  • 97. Community-based programs aim to ____.
A) Detain more prisoners
B) Punish juveniles
C) Reintegrate offenders into society
D) Militarize barangays
  • 98. The success of the Criminal Justice System depends on ____.
A) Police power alone
B) Punishment severity
C) Court decisions only
D) Cooperation among all five pillars
  • 99. Crime prevention becomes effective when ____.
A) Police act secretly
B) Citizens actively participate with law enforcers
C) Punishment is harsh
D) Government acts alone
  • 100. The Criminal Justice System functions best when ____.
A) Citizens fear the police
B) Laws favor the powerful
C) Offenders are tortured
D) Justice is fair, swift, and humane
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