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(CLJ 1) INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILIPPINE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM (IPCJS)
Contributed by: Ninge
  • 1. The Criminal Justice System refers to the network of institutions that ____.
A) Protect criminals
B) Punish offenders only
C) Encourage deviance
D) Prevent and control crime
  • 2. The term “Criminal Justice System” emphasizes ____.
A) Political control
B) Police dominance
C) Judicial supremacy
D) Interdependence of institutions
  • 3. The ultimate goal of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Legal education
B) Political stability
C) Public safety and order
D) Economic development
  • 4. How many pillars make up the Philippine Criminal Justice System?
A) Six
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five
  • 5. The first pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Law enforcement
B) Prosecution
C) Courts
D) Corrections
  • 6. The second pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Prosecution
B) Corrections
C) Community
D) Law enforcement
  • 7. The third pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Corrections
B) Courts or Judiciary
C) Community
D) Law enforcement
  • 8. The fourth pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Corrections
B) Judiciary
C) Law enforcement
D) Prosecution
  • 9. The fifth pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Prosecution
B) Community
C) Judiciary
D) Law enforcement
  • 10. The Criminal Justice System is a mechanism for ____.
A) Media management
B) Maintaining peace and order
C) Political control
D) Economic growth
  • 11. The Criminal Justice System starts functioning when ____.
A) The prosecutor files a case
B) A person is arrested
C) A crime is committed and reported
D) The judge issues a warrant
  • 12. Which is NOT a component of the Criminal Justice System?
A) Law enforcement
B) Legislative branch
C) Prosecution
D) Judiciary
  • 13. The police are under which pillar of the system?
A) Judiciary
B) Law enforcement
C) Prosecution
D) Community
  • 14. The fiscal or public prosecutor belongs to which pillar?
A) Prosecution
B) Law enforcement
C) Judiciary
D) Corrections
  • 15. Judges and courts are part of which pillar?
A) Law enforcement
B) Prosecution
C) Judiciary
D) Corrections
  • 16. Jails and prisons are under which pillar?
A) Corrections
B) Law enforcement
C) Prosecution
D) Judiciary
  • 17. The community pillar represents ____.
A) Social workers only
B) Political leaders
C) People’s participation in crime prevention
D) The police and military
  • 18. The system is called “interdependent” because ____.
A) Police control the courts
B) Prosecutors are above judges
C) Each pillar affects the others
D) Community acts alone
  • 19. The concept of justice means ____.
A) Punishing everyone
B) Protecting only the rich
C) Supporting criminals
D) Giving each person his or her due
  • 20. A criminal case proceeds from one pillar to another in a ____.
A) Sequential process
B) Political decision
C) Random order
D) Economic plan
  • 21. The main responsibility of law enforcement is to ____.
A) Prevent and control crime
B) Judge cases
C) Reform inmates
D) Prosecute offenders
  • 22. The first contact of a crime suspect with the system is through the ____.
A) Judge
B) Police
C) Prosecutor
D) Jail officer
  • 23. The Philippine National Police was created under ____.
A) RA 8551
B) RA 7438
C) . RA 4864
D) Republic Act 6975
  • 24. The PNP is under which government department?
A) Department of Defense
B) Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
C) Office of the President
D) Department of Justice
  • 25. The PNP was reorganized under ____.
A) RA 6975
B) RA 8551 (PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998)
C) RA 7438
D) RA 9165
  • 26. The chief of the PNP holds the rank of ____.
A) Police General
B) Chief Superintendent
C) Police Director
D) Police Colonel
  • 27. The power of arrest without warrant is allowed when ____.
A) The crime is committed in the officer’s presence
B) The judge orders it
C) The suspect is at home
D) The prosecutor requests it
  • 28. The Miranda Doctrine protects the suspect’s right to ____.
A) Confess freely
B) Leave the country
C) Escape arrest
D) Remain silent and have counsel
  • 29. The law that defines the rights of persons arrested or under custodial investigation is ____.
A) RA 8551
B) RA 6975
C) RA 9745
D) RA 7438
  • 30. The term “law enforcement” means ____.
A) Creation of laws
B) Correctional management
C) Application of the law by authorized officers
D) Court interpretation
  • 31. The Integrated National Police and the Philippine Constabulary were merged into the PNP in ____.
A) 1995
B) 1991
C) 1987
D) 2000
  • 32. The PNP is civilian in character as provided in the ____.
A) Bill of Rights
B) 1987 Constitution
C) 1973 Constitution
D) 1935 Constitution
  • 33. The law that governs anti-illegal drugs operations is ____.
A) RA 3815
B) RA 6975
C) RA 9165
D) RA 8353
  • 34. The National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM) exercises ____.
A) Legislative power
B) Administrative control and supervision over the PNP
C) Judicial power
D) Operational command
  • 35. The community can assist police in crime prevention through ____.
A) Secret societies
B) Vigilante groups
C) Barangay tanods and volunteer groups
D) Private armies
  • 36. The crime prevention program involving cooperation of citizens is called ____.
A) Police militarization
B) Martial law
C) Criminal profiling
D) Community-oriented policing
  • 37. The PNP motto is ____.
A) “To Serve and Protect
B) “Peace and Prosperity
C) “Law and Order”
D) “Honor and Duty”
  • 38. Police visibility aims to ____.
A) Deter the commission of crime
B) Increase fines
C) Train prosecutors
D) Improve politics
  • 39. A police blotter is used to record ____.
A) Crimes and incidents reported
B) Prosecution records
C) Prison escapes
D) Court decisions
  • 40. The PNP Internal Affairs Service (IAS) ensures ____.
A) Integrity and discipline within the police force
B) Amnesty
C) Rewards
D) Promotions
  • 41. The primary function of the prosecution pillar is to ____.
A) Rehabilitate inmates
B) Arrest suspects
C) Judge offenders
D) Determine probable cause and file cases in court
  • 42. Prosecutors are under which government department?
A) Department of Justice (DOJ)
B) DILG
C) CHR
D) Supreme Court
  • 43. The DOJ is headed by the ____.
A) Ombudsman
B) Solicitor General
C) Chief Justice
D) Secretary of Justice
  • 44. Preliminary investigation is conducted to ____.
A) File civil suits
B) Determine probable cause
C) Execute arrest
D) Sentence offenders
  • 45. The National Prosecution Service is under the ____.
A) Supreme Court
B) DILG
C) Department of Justice
D) Senate
  • 46. The Ombudsman investigates ____.
A) Military officers
B) Private citizens
C) Police trainees
D) Public officials accused of crimes
  • 47. The fiscal is another term for ____.
A) Public prosecutor
B) Police officer
C) Defense attorney
D) Judge
  • 48. Probable cause means ____.
A) Complete proof of guilt
B) Reasonable grounds to believe a crime was committed
C) Hearsay evidence
D) Political motive
  • 49. The resolution after a preliminary investigation is submitted to the ____.
A) Court
B) Prison
C) Police
D) Community
  • 50. The prosecution represents the ____.
A) Private sector
B) State or People of the Philippines
C) Complainant only
D) Accused
  • 51. The main function of the Judiciary is to ____.
A) Punish police officers
B) Interpret the law and render justice
C) Enforce the law
D) Make laws
  • 52. The highest court in the Philippines is the ____.
A) Court of Appeals
B) Sandiganbayan
C) Supreme Court
D) Regional Trial Court
  • 53. The Supreme Court is composed of ____.
A) Ten Justices
B) One Chief Justice and Fourteen Associate Justices
C) One Chief Justice and Ten Associate Justices
D) Fifteen Associate Justices
  • 54. The power of judicial review means the court can ____.
A) Declare a law unconstitutional
B) Execute laws
C) Amend the Constitution
D) Make new laws
  • 55. The Constitution that established the present judiciary structure is the ____.
A) 1946 Constitution
B) 1973 Constitution
C) 1987 Constitution
D) 1935 Constitution
  • 56. The special court for government corruption cases is the ____.
A) Court of Appeals
B) Civil Service Commission
C) Sandiganbayan
D) Ombudsman
  • 57. The People of the Philippines is always the ____.
A) Defendant
B) Respondent
C) Complainant or plaintiff in criminal cases
D) Accused
  • 58. The regular trial courts in the Philippines include the ____.
A) Court of Tax Appeals
B) Sandiganbayan
C) Regional Trial Courts (RTCs)
D) Barangay Courts
  • 59. The lowest courts in the judicial hierarchy are the ____.
A) Court of Appeals
B) Municipal Trial Courts (MTCs)
C) Supreme Court
D) Regional Trial Courts
  • 60. The Court of Appeals primarily handles ____.
A) Administrative cases only
B) Appeals from lower courts
C) Police cases
D) Barangay disputes
  • 61. The Family Courts handle cases involving ____.
A) Tax disputes
B) Labor cases
C) Juveniles and family-related offenses
D) Traffic violations
  • 62. The constitutional right to a fair trial means ____.
A) Closed-door session
B) Fast conviction
C) Impartial hearing with due process
D) Political influence
  • 63. A person cannot be convicted without ____.
A) Police testimony alone
B) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
C) A confession
D) Media coverage
  • 64. The presumption of innocence remains until ____.
A) Charged by the prosecutor
B) Arrested by police
C) Proven guilty in court
D) Interrogated
  • 65. The Judiciary is independent to ensure ____.
A) Government funding
B) Fair and impartial justice
C) Law enforcement power
D) Political loyalty
  • 66. Judicial power includes ____.
A) Making new laws
B) Settling controversies involving rights
C) Appointing prosecutors
D) Controlling the police
  • 67. The doctrine that a case once decided cannot be reopened is called ____.
A) Stare decisis
B) Locus standi
C) Res judicata
D) Habeas corpus
  • 68. The Latin phrase “stare decisis” means ____.
A) To stand by decided cases
B) To retry an accused
C) To delay decision
D) To dismiss a case
  • 69. A person deprived of liberty may file a petition for ____.
A) Writ of Amparo
B) Writ of Execution
C) Writ of Habeas Corpus
D) Writ of Attachment
  • 70. The Writ of Amparo protects citizens against ____.
A) Deportation
B) Arrest for crime
C) Property seizure
D) Threats to life, liberty, and security
  • 71. The main purpose of the Corrections Pillar is to ____.
A) Rehabilitate offenders and prepare them for reintegration
B) Enforce the law
C) Punish offenders cruelly
D) Eliminate criminals
  • 72. The Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) operates under the ____.
A) Department of Justice (DOJ)
B) DILG
C) Supreme Court
D) NAPOLCOM
  • 73. The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) is under the ____.
A) DOJ
B) DSWD
C) CHR
D) Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
  • 74. Prisons are managed by ____.
A) Bureau of Corrections (BuCor)
B) BJMP
C) PNP
D) CHR
  • 75. Jails are managed by ____.
A) AFP
B) DSWD
C) BuCor
D) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)
  • 76. The primary correctional institution for national prisoners is the ____.
A) Iwahig Penal Colony
B) Davao Penal Colony
C) Correctional Institution for Women
D) New Bilibid Prison
  • 77. Prisoners serving less than 3 years are usually confined in ____.
A) Penal colonies
B) Rehabilitation centers
C) Jails
D) Prisons
  • 78. The concept of “reformation” means ____.
A) Isolating prisoners forever
B) Torturing offenders
C) Using fear to control inmates
D) Changing offender behavior to conform to law
  • 79. Parole is granted to prisoners who ____.
A) Are under trial
B) Are politically connected
C) Are minors
D) Show good behavior after serving part of the sentence
  • 80. Probation is an alternative to ____.
A) Bail
B) Appeal
C) Imprisonment
D) Fine
  • 81. The law creating the Probation System in the Philippines is ____.
A) RA 10575
B) Presidential Decree 968
C) RA 7438
D) RA 6975
  • 82. The Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) operates under the ____.
A) CSC
B) DILG
C) Department of Justice (DOJ)
D) Supreme Court
  • 83. The term “corrections” was first used to replace ____.
A) Penology
B) Criminalistics
C) Criminology
D) Police science
  • 84. Prisoner rehabilitation aims to ____.
A) Promote fear
B) Restore offender’s moral and social values
C) Increase punishment
D) Encourage revenge
  • 85. Community-based corrections include ____.
A) Parole, Probation, and Pardon
B) Death penalty
C) Imprisonment
D) Life sentence
  • 86. The community is considered the ____ pillar of the CJS.
A) First
B) Third
C) Fifth
D) Fourth
  • 87. The main role of the community is to ____.
A) Punish offenders
B) Support rehabilitation and crime prevention programs
C) Replace police
D) Control courts
  • 88. The Barangay Justice System is created under ____.
A) RA 7438
B) RA 8551
C) RA 6975
D) Katarungang Pambarangay Law (RA 7160)
  • 89. The head of the Barangay Justice System is the ____.
A) Barangay Secretary
B) Barangay Kagawad
C) Chief Tanod
D) Barangay Captain (Punong Barangay)
  • 90. The primary purpose of the Barangay Justice System is ____.
A) Amicable settlement of disputes
B) Imprisonment
C) Fine collection
D) Political control
  • 91. The community pillar emphasizes ____.
A) Police operations
B) Political power
C) Citizen participation in crime prevention
D) Judicial independence
  • 92. The Human Rights Commission (CHR) was established under ____.
A) RA 7438
B) RA 6975
C) 1973 Constitution
D) 1987 Constitution, Article XIII
  • 93. The term “Restorative Justice” focuses on ____.
A) Punishing the criminal harshly
B) Isolating offenders
C) Repairing harm between offender, victim, and community
D) Ignoring the victim
  • 94. The Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act is ____.
A) RA 8551
B) RA 9165
C) Republic Act 9344
D) RA 7438
  • 95. The age of criminal responsibility under RA 9344 is ____.
A) 12 years old
B) 18 years old
C) 15 years old and below
D) 16 years old
  • 96. Children in conflict with the law (CICL) are handled by ____.
A) BJMP
B) DSWD and Bahay Pag-asa Centers
C) Police stations only
D) BuCor
  • 97. Community-based programs aim to ____.
A) Militarize barangays
B) Reintegrate offenders into society
C) Punish juveniles
D) Detain more prisoners
  • 98. The success of the Criminal Justice System depends on ____.
A) Punishment severity
B) Cooperation among all five pillars
C) Police power alone
D) Court decisions only
  • 99. Crime prevention becomes effective when ____.
A) Police act secretly
B) Government acts alone
C) Punishment is harsh
D) Citizens actively participate with law enforcers
  • 100. The Criminal Justice System functions best when ____.
A) Offenders are tortured
B) Laws favor the powerful
C) Citizens fear the police
D) Justice is fair, swift, and humane
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