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(CLJ 1) INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILIPPINE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM (IPCJS)
Contributed by: Ninge
  • 1. The Criminal Justice System refers to the network of institutions that ____.
A) Prevent and control crime
B) Punish offenders only
C) Encourage deviance
D) Protect criminals
  • 2. The term “Criminal Justice System” emphasizes ____.
A) Political control
B) Interdependence of institutions
C) Police dominance
D) Judicial supremacy
  • 3. The ultimate goal of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Economic development
B) Legal education
C) Public safety and order
D) Political stability
  • 4. How many pillars make up the Philippine Criminal Justice System?
A) Three
B) Five
C) Four
D) Six
  • 5. The first pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Law enforcement
B) Corrections
C) Courts
D) Prosecution
  • 6. The second pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Law enforcement
B) Corrections
C) Community
D) Prosecution
  • 7. The third pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Courts or Judiciary
B) Community
C) Corrections
D) Law enforcement
  • 8. The fourth pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Judiciary
B) Prosecution
C) Corrections
D) Law enforcement
  • 9. The fifth pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Prosecution
B) Community
C) Judiciary
D) Law enforcement
  • 10. The Criminal Justice System is a mechanism for ____.
A) Political control
B) Economic growth
C) Maintaining peace and order
D) Media management
  • 11. The Criminal Justice System starts functioning when ____.
A) A crime is committed and reported
B) A person is arrested
C) The prosecutor files a case
D) The judge issues a warrant
  • 12. Which is NOT a component of the Criminal Justice System?
A) Prosecution
B) Legislative branch
C) Judiciary
D) Law enforcement
  • 13. The police are under which pillar of the system?
A) Prosecution
B) Community
C) Judiciary
D) Law enforcement
  • 14. The fiscal or public prosecutor belongs to which pillar?
A) Law enforcement
B) Prosecution
C) Judiciary
D) Corrections
  • 15. Judges and courts are part of which pillar?
A) Judiciary
B) Corrections
C) Law enforcement
D) Prosecution
  • 16. Jails and prisons are under which pillar?
A) Corrections
B) Law enforcement
C) Judiciary
D) Prosecution
  • 17. The community pillar represents ____.
A) Social workers only
B) The police and military
C) Political leaders
D) People’s participation in crime prevention
  • 18. The system is called “interdependent” because ____.
A) Prosecutors are above judges
B) Police control the courts
C) Each pillar affects the others
D) Community acts alone
  • 19. The concept of justice means ____.
A) Giving each person his or her due
B) Punishing everyone
C) Supporting criminals
D) Protecting only the rich
  • 20. A criminal case proceeds from one pillar to another in a ____.
A) Sequential process
B) Random order
C) Political decision
D) Economic plan
  • 21. The main responsibility of law enforcement is to ____.
A) Judge cases
B) Prevent and control crime
C) Reform inmates
D) Prosecute offenders
  • 22. The first contact of a crime suspect with the system is through the ____.
A) Jail officer
B) Police
C) Prosecutor
D) Judge
  • 23. The Philippine National Police was created under ____.
A) Republic Act 6975
B) . RA 4864
C) RA 8551
D) RA 7438
  • 24. The PNP is under which government department?
A) Department of Justice
B) Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
C) Department of Defense
D) Office of the President
  • 25. The PNP was reorganized under ____.
A) RA 6975
B) RA 9165
C) RA 7438
D) RA 8551 (PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998)
  • 26. The chief of the PNP holds the rank of ____.
A) Police General
B) Police Colonel
C) Police Director
D) Chief Superintendent
  • 27. The power of arrest without warrant is allowed when ____.
A) The prosecutor requests it
B) The crime is committed in the officer’s presence
C) The suspect is at home
D) The judge orders it
  • 28. The Miranda Doctrine protects the suspect’s right to ____.
A) Leave the country
B) Confess freely
C) Escape arrest
D) Remain silent and have counsel
  • 29. The law that defines the rights of persons arrested or under custodial investigation is ____.
A) RA 7438
B) RA 9745
C) RA 8551
D) RA 6975
  • 30. The term “law enforcement” means ____.
A) Creation of laws
B) Correctional management
C) Application of the law by authorized officers
D) Court interpretation
  • 31. The Integrated National Police and the Philippine Constabulary were merged into the PNP in ____.
A) 2000
B) 1995
C) 1991
D) 1987
  • 32. The PNP is civilian in character as provided in the ____.
A) Bill of Rights
B) 1935 Constitution
C) 1973 Constitution
D) 1987 Constitution
  • 33. The law that governs anti-illegal drugs operations is ____.
A) RA 3815
B) RA 9165
C) RA 6975
D) RA 8353
  • 34. The National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM) exercises ____.
A) Administrative control and supervision over the PNP
B) Operational command
C) Judicial power
D) Legislative power
  • 35. The community can assist police in crime prevention through ____.
A) Vigilante groups
B) Secret societies
C) Barangay tanods and volunteer groups
D) Private armies
  • 36. The crime prevention program involving cooperation of citizens is called ____.
A) Police militarization
B) Community-oriented policing
C) Martial law
D) Criminal profiling
  • 37. The PNP motto is ____.
A) “Honor and Duty”
B) “To Serve and Protect
C) “Peace and Prosperity
D) “Law and Order”
  • 38. Police visibility aims to ____.
A) Improve politics
B) Train prosecutors
C) Deter the commission of crime
D) Increase fines
  • 39. A police blotter is used to record ____.
A) Crimes and incidents reported
B) Court decisions
C) Prison escapes
D) Prosecution records
  • 40. The PNP Internal Affairs Service (IAS) ensures ____.
A) Integrity and discipline within the police force
B) Amnesty
C) Promotions
D) Rewards
  • 41. The primary function of the prosecution pillar is to ____.
A) Determine probable cause and file cases in court
B) Arrest suspects
C) Rehabilitate inmates
D) Judge offenders
  • 42. Prosecutors are under which government department?
A) CHR
B) Department of Justice (DOJ)
C) DILG
D) Supreme Court
  • 43. The DOJ is headed by the ____.
A) Chief Justice
B) Ombudsman
C) Solicitor General
D) Secretary of Justice
  • 44. Preliminary investigation is conducted to ____.
A) File civil suits
B) Determine probable cause
C) Execute arrest
D) Sentence offenders
  • 45. The National Prosecution Service is under the ____.
A) Senate
B) Supreme Court
C) DILG
D) Department of Justice
  • 46. The Ombudsman investigates ____.
A) Private citizens
B) Police trainees
C) Public officials accused of crimes
D) Military officers
  • 47. The fiscal is another term for ____.
A) Public prosecutor
B) Police officer
C) Defense attorney
D) Judge
  • 48. Probable cause means ____.
A) Reasonable grounds to believe a crime was committed
B) Political motive
C) Hearsay evidence
D) Complete proof of guilt
  • 49. The resolution after a preliminary investigation is submitted to the ____.
A) Court
B) Prison
C) Community
D) Police
  • 50. The prosecution represents the ____.
A) Complainant only
B) State or People of the Philippines
C) Accused
D) Private sector
  • 51. The main function of the Judiciary is to ____.
A) Interpret the law and render justice
B) Enforce the law
C) Punish police officers
D) Make laws
  • 52. The highest court in the Philippines is the ____.
A) Sandiganbayan
B) Supreme Court
C) Regional Trial Court
D) Court of Appeals
  • 53. The Supreme Court is composed of ____.
A) Fifteen Associate Justices
B) Ten Justices
C) One Chief Justice and Fourteen Associate Justices
D) One Chief Justice and Ten Associate Justices
  • 54. The power of judicial review means the court can ____.
A) Amend the Constitution
B) Make new laws
C) Declare a law unconstitutional
D) Execute laws
  • 55. The Constitution that established the present judiciary structure is the ____.
A) 1935 Constitution
B) 1946 Constitution
C) 1987 Constitution
D) 1973 Constitution
  • 56. The special court for government corruption cases is the ____.
A) Ombudsman
B) Sandiganbayan
C) Civil Service Commission
D) Court of Appeals
  • 57. The People of the Philippines is always the ____.
A) Defendant
B) Accused
C) Respondent
D) Complainant or plaintiff in criminal cases
  • 58. The regular trial courts in the Philippines include the ____.
A) Court of Tax Appeals
B) Barangay Courts
C) Regional Trial Courts (RTCs)
D) Sandiganbayan
  • 59. The lowest courts in the judicial hierarchy are the ____.
A) Supreme Court
B) Regional Trial Courts
C) Court of Appeals
D) Municipal Trial Courts (MTCs)
  • 60. The Court of Appeals primarily handles ____.
A) Appeals from lower courts
B) Police cases
C) Administrative cases only
D) Barangay disputes
  • 61. The Family Courts handle cases involving ____.
A) Labor cases
B) Tax disputes
C) Juveniles and family-related offenses
D) Traffic violations
  • 62. The constitutional right to a fair trial means ____.
A) Political influence
B) Fast conviction
C) Closed-door session
D) Impartial hearing with due process
  • 63. A person cannot be convicted without ____.
A) Police testimony alone
B) Media coverage
C) A confession
D) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
  • 64. The presumption of innocence remains until ____.
A) Interrogated
B) Arrested by police
C) Proven guilty in court
D) Charged by the prosecutor
  • 65. The Judiciary is independent to ensure ____.
A) Political loyalty
B) Fair and impartial justice
C) Government funding
D) Law enforcement power
  • 66. Judicial power includes ____.
A) Appointing prosecutors
B) Settling controversies involving rights
C) Making new laws
D) Controlling the police
  • 67. The doctrine that a case once decided cannot be reopened is called ____.
A) Locus standi
B) Stare decisis
C) Res judicata
D) Habeas corpus
  • 68. The Latin phrase “stare decisis” means ____.
A) To stand by decided cases
B) To dismiss a case
C) To delay decision
D) To retry an accused
  • 69. A person deprived of liberty may file a petition for ____.
A) Writ of Attachment
B) Writ of Habeas Corpus
C) Writ of Execution
D) Writ of Amparo
  • 70. The Writ of Amparo protects citizens against ____.
A) Property seizure
B) Threats to life, liberty, and security
C) Deportation
D) Arrest for crime
  • 71. The main purpose of the Corrections Pillar is to ____.
A) Enforce the law
B) Rehabilitate offenders and prepare them for reintegration
C) Punish offenders cruelly
D) Eliminate criminals
  • 72. The Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) operates under the ____.
A) Department of Justice (DOJ)
B) NAPOLCOM
C) DILG
D) Supreme Court
  • 73. The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) is under the ____.
A) DOJ
B) DSWD
C) Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
D) CHR
  • 74. Prisons are managed by ____.
A) Bureau of Corrections (BuCor)
B) BJMP
C) CHR
D) PNP
  • 75. Jails are managed by ____.
A) AFP
B) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)
C) BuCor
D) DSWD
  • 76. The primary correctional institution for national prisoners is the ____.
A) Correctional Institution for Women
B) Iwahig Penal Colony
C) New Bilibid Prison
D) Davao Penal Colony
  • 77. Prisoners serving less than 3 years are usually confined in ____.
A) Jails
B) Penal colonies
C) Prisons
D) Rehabilitation centers
  • 78. The concept of “reformation” means ____.
A) Changing offender behavior to conform to law
B) Using fear to control inmates
C) Torturing offenders
D) Isolating prisoners forever
  • 79. Parole is granted to prisoners who ____.
A) Are politically connected
B) Are under trial
C) Show good behavior after serving part of the sentence
D) Are minors
  • 80. Probation is an alternative to ____.
A) Appeal
B) Imprisonment
C) Fine
D) Bail
  • 81. The law creating the Probation System in the Philippines is ____.
A) RA 7438
B) RA 10575
C) RA 6975
D) Presidential Decree 968
  • 82. The Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) operates under the ____.
A) DILG
B) CSC
C) Supreme Court
D) Department of Justice (DOJ)
  • 83. The term “corrections” was first used to replace ____.
A) Penology
B) Police science
C) Criminology
D) Criminalistics
  • 84. Prisoner rehabilitation aims to ____.
A) Encourage revenge
B) Increase punishment
C) Restore offender’s moral and social values
D) Promote fear
  • 85. Community-based corrections include ____.
A) Life sentence
B) Parole, Probation, and Pardon
C) Imprisonment
D) Death penalty
  • 86. The community is considered the ____ pillar of the CJS.
A) Third
B) Fourth
C) First
D) Fifth
  • 87. The main role of the community is to ____.
A) Punish offenders
B) Support rehabilitation and crime prevention programs
C) Replace police
D) Control courts
  • 88. The Barangay Justice System is created under ____.
A) RA 8551
B) Katarungang Pambarangay Law (RA 7160)
C) RA 6975
D) RA 7438
  • 89. The head of the Barangay Justice System is the ____.
A) Chief Tanod
B) Barangay Captain (Punong Barangay)
C) Barangay Kagawad
D) Barangay Secretary
  • 90. The primary purpose of the Barangay Justice System is ____.
A) Political control
B) Amicable settlement of disputes
C) Fine collection
D) Imprisonment
  • 91. The community pillar emphasizes ____.
A) Citizen participation in crime prevention
B) Judicial independence
C) Police operations
D) Political power
  • 92. The Human Rights Commission (CHR) was established under ____.
A) 1987 Constitution, Article XIII
B) RA 6975
C) 1973 Constitution
D) RA 7438
  • 93. The term “Restorative Justice” focuses on ____.
A) Ignoring the victim
B) Repairing harm between offender, victim, and community
C) Isolating offenders
D) Punishing the criminal harshly
  • 94. The Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act is ____.
A) Republic Act 9344
B) RA 8551
C) RA 7438
D) RA 9165
  • 95. The age of criminal responsibility under RA 9344 is ____.
A) 15 years old and below
B) 18 years old
C) 12 years old
D) 16 years old
  • 96. Children in conflict with the law (CICL) are handled by ____.
A) BuCor
B) Police stations only
C) DSWD and Bahay Pag-asa Centers
D) BJMP
  • 97. Community-based programs aim to ____.
A) Reintegrate offenders into society
B) Militarize barangays
C) Punish juveniles
D) Detain more prisoners
  • 98. The success of the Criminal Justice System depends on ____.
A) Police power alone
B) Court decisions only
C) Punishment severity
D) Cooperation among all five pillars
  • 99. Crime prevention becomes effective when ____.
A) Government acts alone
B) Citizens actively participate with law enforcers
C) Punishment is harsh
D) Police act secretly
  • 100. The Criminal Justice System functions best when ____.
A) Offenders are tortured
B) Citizens fear the police
C) Justice is fair, swift, and humane
D) Laws favor the powerful
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