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(CLJ 1) INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILIPPINE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM (IPCJS)
Contributed by: Ninge
  • 1. The Criminal Justice System refers to the network of institutions that ____.
A) Encourage deviance
B) Punish offenders only
C) Prevent and control crime
D) Protect criminals
  • 2. The term “Criminal Justice System” emphasizes ____.
A) Police dominance
B) Political control
C) Interdependence of institutions
D) Judicial supremacy
  • 3. The ultimate goal of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Political stability
B) Legal education
C) Economic development
D) Public safety and order
  • 4. How many pillars make up the Philippine Criminal Justice System?
A) Five
B) Four
C) Six
D) Three
  • 5. The first pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Corrections
B) Law enforcement
C) Prosecution
D) Courts
  • 6. The second pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Prosecution
B) Law enforcement
C) Corrections
D) Community
  • 7. The third pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Corrections
B) Community
C) Law enforcement
D) Courts or Judiciary
  • 8. The fourth pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Law enforcement
B) Prosecution
C) Judiciary
D) Corrections
  • 9. The fifth pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Community
B) Prosecution
C) Judiciary
D) Law enforcement
  • 10. The Criminal Justice System is a mechanism for ____.
A) Media management
B) Maintaining peace and order
C) Economic growth
D) Political control
  • 11. The Criminal Justice System starts functioning when ____.
A) The judge issues a warrant
B) A person is arrested
C) A crime is committed and reported
D) The prosecutor files a case
  • 12. Which is NOT a component of the Criminal Justice System?
A) Law enforcement
B) Judiciary
C) Legislative branch
D) Prosecution
  • 13. The police are under which pillar of the system?
A) Judiciary
B) Prosecution
C) Law enforcement
D) Community
  • 14. The fiscal or public prosecutor belongs to which pillar?
A) Prosecution
B) Law enforcement
C) Corrections
D) Judiciary
  • 15. Judges and courts are part of which pillar?
A) Prosecution
B) Corrections
C) Judiciary
D) Law enforcement
  • 16. Jails and prisons are under which pillar?
A) Prosecution
B) Corrections
C) Law enforcement
D) Judiciary
  • 17. The community pillar represents ____.
A) Political leaders
B) The police and military
C) People’s participation in crime prevention
D) Social workers only
  • 18. The system is called “interdependent” because ____.
A) Each pillar affects the others
B) Community acts alone
C) Prosecutors are above judges
D) Police control the courts
  • 19. The concept of justice means ____.
A) Supporting criminals
B) Punishing everyone
C) Protecting only the rich
D) Giving each person his or her due
  • 20. A criminal case proceeds from one pillar to another in a ____.
A) Political decision
B) Sequential process
C) Economic plan
D) Random order
  • 21. The main responsibility of law enforcement is to ____.
A) Judge cases
B) Reform inmates
C) Prosecute offenders
D) Prevent and control crime
  • 22. The first contact of a crime suspect with the system is through the ____.
A) Prosecutor
B) Judge
C) Police
D) Jail officer
  • 23. The Philippine National Police was created under ____.
A) . RA 4864
B) RA 7438
C) RA 8551
D) Republic Act 6975
  • 24. The PNP is under which government department?
A) Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
B) Office of the President
C) Department of Defense
D) Department of Justice
  • 25. The PNP was reorganized under ____.
A) RA 6975
B) RA 8551 (PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998)
C) RA 9165
D) RA 7438
  • 26. The chief of the PNP holds the rank of ____.
A) Chief Superintendent
B) Police General
C) Police Director
D) Police Colonel
  • 27. The power of arrest without warrant is allowed when ____.
A) The crime is committed in the officer’s presence
B) The prosecutor requests it
C) The suspect is at home
D) The judge orders it
  • 28. The Miranda Doctrine protects the suspect’s right to ____.
A) Escape arrest
B) Confess freely
C) Leave the country
D) Remain silent and have counsel
  • 29. The law that defines the rights of persons arrested or under custodial investigation is ____.
A) RA 8551
B) RA 6975
C) RA 9745
D) RA 7438
  • 30. The term “law enforcement” means ____.
A) Creation of laws
B) Application of the law by authorized officers
C) Court interpretation
D) Correctional management
  • 31. The Integrated National Police and the Philippine Constabulary were merged into the PNP in ____.
A) 2000
B) 1987
C) 1995
D) 1991
  • 32. The PNP is civilian in character as provided in the ____.
A) 1935 Constitution
B) Bill of Rights
C) 1987 Constitution
D) 1973 Constitution
  • 33. The law that governs anti-illegal drugs operations is ____.
A) RA 9165
B) RA 8353
C) RA 6975
D) RA 3815
  • 34. The National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM) exercises ____.
A) Operational command
B) Administrative control and supervision over the PNP
C) Legislative power
D) Judicial power
  • 35. The community can assist police in crime prevention through ____.
A) Private armies
B) Secret societies
C) Barangay tanods and volunteer groups
D) Vigilante groups
  • 36. The crime prevention program involving cooperation of citizens is called ____.
A) Martial law
B) Community-oriented policing
C) Criminal profiling
D) Police militarization
  • 37. The PNP motto is ____.
A) “Law and Order”
B) “To Serve and Protect
C) “Peace and Prosperity
D) “Honor and Duty”
  • 38. Police visibility aims to ____.
A) Increase fines
B) Deter the commission of crime
C) Train prosecutors
D) Improve politics
  • 39. A police blotter is used to record ____.
A) Crimes and incidents reported
B) Prison escapes
C) Court decisions
D) Prosecution records
  • 40. The PNP Internal Affairs Service (IAS) ensures ____.
A) Amnesty
B) Promotions
C) Integrity and discipline within the police force
D) Rewards
  • 41. The primary function of the prosecution pillar is to ____.
A) Determine probable cause and file cases in court
B) Rehabilitate inmates
C) Arrest suspects
D) Judge offenders
  • 42. Prosecutors are under which government department?
A) Supreme Court
B) DILG
C) Department of Justice (DOJ)
D) CHR
  • 43. The DOJ is headed by the ____.
A) Ombudsman
B) Secretary of Justice
C) Solicitor General
D) Chief Justice
  • 44. Preliminary investigation is conducted to ____.
A) File civil suits
B) Determine probable cause
C) Execute arrest
D) Sentence offenders
  • 45. The National Prosecution Service is under the ____.
A) Department of Justice
B) DILG
C) Supreme Court
D) Senate
  • 46. The Ombudsman investigates ____.
A) Police trainees
B) Private citizens
C) Public officials accused of crimes
D) Military officers
  • 47. The fiscal is another term for ____.
A) Judge
B) Defense attorney
C) Police officer
D) Public prosecutor
  • 48. Probable cause means ____.
A) Complete proof of guilt
B) Political motive
C) Hearsay evidence
D) Reasonable grounds to believe a crime was committed
  • 49. The resolution after a preliminary investigation is submitted to the ____.
A) Community
B) Police
C) Prison
D) Court
  • 50. The prosecution represents the ____.
A) State or People of the Philippines
B) Private sector
C) Accused
D) Complainant only
  • 51. The main function of the Judiciary is to ____.
A) Enforce the law
B) Punish police officers
C) Interpret the law and render justice
D) Make laws
  • 52. The highest court in the Philippines is the ____.
A) Supreme Court
B) Sandiganbayan
C) Court of Appeals
D) Regional Trial Court
  • 53. The Supreme Court is composed of ____.
A) One Chief Justice and Fourteen Associate Justices
B) One Chief Justice and Ten Associate Justices
C) Fifteen Associate Justices
D) Ten Justices
  • 54. The power of judicial review means the court can ____.
A) Amend the Constitution
B) Make new laws
C) Declare a law unconstitutional
D) Execute laws
  • 55. The Constitution that established the present judiciary structure is the ____.
A) 1946 Constitution
B) 1973 Constitution
C) 1935 Constitution
D) 1987 Constitution
  • 56. The special court for government corruption cases is the ____.
A) Sandiganbayan
B) Ombudsman
C) Court of Appeals
D) Civil Service Commission
  • 57. The People of the Philippines is always the ____.
A) Respondent
B) Complainant or plaintiff in criminal cases
C) Accused
D) Defendant
  • 58. The regular trial courts in the Philippines include the ____.
A) Court of Tax Appeals
B) Barangay Courts
C) Sandiganbayan
D) Regional Trial Courts (RTCs)
  • 59. The lowest courts in the judicial hierarchy are the ____.
A) Supreme Court
B) Municipal Trial Courts (MTCs)
C) Court of Appeals
D) Regional Trial Courts
  • 60. The Court of Appeals primarily handles ____.
A) Appeals from lower courts
B) Barangay disputes
C) Police cases
D) Administrative cases only
  • 61. The Family Courts handle cases involving ____.
A) Labor cases
B) Tax disputes
C) Juveniles and family-related offenses
D) Traffic violations
  • 62. The constitutional right to a fair trial means ____.
A) Closed-door session
B) Fast conviction
C) Political influence
D) Impartial hearing with due process
  • 63. A person cannot be convicted without ____.
A) A confession
B) Police testimony alone
C) Media coverage
D) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
  • 64. The presumption of innocence remains until ____.
A) Interrogated
B) Charged by the prosecutor
C) Arrested by police
D) Proven guilty in court
  • 65. The Judiciary is independent to ensure ____.
A) Fair and impartial justice
B) Political loyalty
C) Government funding
D) Law enforcement power
  • 66. Judicial power includes ____.
A) Settling controversies involving rights
B) Making new laws
C) Controlling the police
D) Appointing prosecutors
  • 67. The doctrine that a case once decided cannot be reopened is called ____.
A) Res judicata
B) Habeas corpus
C) Stare decisis
D) Locus standi
  • 68. The Latin phrase “stare decisis” means ____.
A) To stand by decided cases
B) To retry an accused
C) To delay decision
D) To dismiss a case
  • 69. A person deprived of liberty may file a petition for ____.
A) Writ of Execution
B) Writ of Habeas Corpus
C) Writ of Amparo
D) Writ of Attachment
  • 70. The Writ of Amparo protects citizens against ____.
A) Property seizure
B) Arrest for crime
C) Threats to life, liberty, and security
D) Deportation
  • 71. The main purpose of the Corrections Pillar is to ____.
A) Punish offenders cruelly
B) Rehabilitate offenders and prepare them for reintegration
C) Enforce the law
D) Eliminate criminals
  • 72. The Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) operates under the ____.
A) Supreme Court
B) Department of Justice (DOJ)
C) DILG
D) NAPOLCOM
  • 73. The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) is under the ____.
A) Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
B) DSWD
C) DOJ
D) CHR
  • 74. Prisons are managed by ____.
A) PNP
B) BJMP
C) Bureau of Corrections (BuCor)
D) CHR
  • 75. Jails are managed by ____.
A) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)
B) AFP
C) DSWD
D) BuCor
  • 76. The primary correctional institution for national prisoners is the ____.
A) Davao Penal Colony
B) Correctional Institution for Women
C) New Bilibid Prison
D) Iwahig Penal Colony
  • 77. Prisoners serving less than 3 years are usually confined in ____.
A) Prisons
B) Rehabilitation centers
C) Jails
D) Penal colonies
  • 78. The concept of “reformation” means ____.
A) Changing offender behavior to conform to law
B) Using fear to control inmates
C) Isolating prisoners forever
D) Torturing offenders
  • 79. Parole is granted to prisoners who ____.
A) Are politically connected
B) Are under trial
C) Show good behavior after serving part of the sentence
D) Are minors
  • 80. Probation is an alternative to ____.
A) Bail
B) Fine
C) Imprisonment
D) Appeal
  • 81. The law creating the Probation System in the Philippines is ____.
A) RA 6975
B) RA 7438
C) Presidential Decree 968
D) RA 10575
  • 82. The Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) operates under the ____.
A) CSC
B) Department of Justice (DOJ)
C) DILG
D) Supreme Court
  • 83. The term “corrections” was first used to replace ____.
A) Criminology
B) Penology
C) Police science
D) Criminalistics
  • 84. Prisoner rehabilitation aims to ____.
A) Increase punishment
B) Restore offender’s moral and social values
C) Promote fear
D) Encourage revenge
  • 85. Community-based corrections include ____.
A) Imprisonment
B) Parole, Probation, and Pardon
C) Death penalty
D) Life sentence
  • 86. The community is considered the ____ pillar of the CJS.
A) Third
B) Fourth
C) Fifth
D) First
  • 87. The main role of the community is to ____.
A) Punish offenders
B) Control courts
C) Replace police
D) Support rehabilitation and crime prevention programs
  • 88. The Barangay Justice System is created under ____.
A) RA 8551
B) RA 6975
C) RA 7438
D) Katarungang Pambarangay Law (RA 7160)
  • 89. The head of the Barangay Justice System is the ____.
A) Barangay Secretary
B) Barangay Kagawad
C) Chief Tanod
D) Barangay Captain (Punong Barangay)
  • 90. The primary purpose of the Barangay Justice System is ____.
A) Political control
B) Imprisonment
C) Amicable settlement of disputes
D) Fine collection
  • 91. The community pillar emphasizes ____.
A) Judicial independence
B) Police operations
C) Political power
D) Citizen participation in crime prevention
  • 92. The Human Rights Commission (CHR) was established under ____.
A) RA 6975
B) 1987 Constitution, Article XIII
C) RA 7438
D) 1973 Constitution
  • 93. The term “Restorative Justice” focuses on ____.
A) Repairing harm between offender, victim, and community
B) Ignoring the victim
C) Punishing the criminal harshly
D) Isolating offenders
  • 94. The Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act is ____.
A) Republic Act 9344
B) RA 8551
C) RA 7438
D) RA 9165
  • 95. The age of criminal responsibility under RA 9344 is ____.
A) 12 years old
B) 16 years old
C) 15 years old and below
D) 18 years old
  • 96. Children in conflict with the law (CICL) are handled by ____.
A) DSWD and Bahay Pag-asa Centers
B) BJMP
C) BuCor
D) Police stations only
  • 97. Community-based programs aim to ____.
A) Detain more prisoners
B) Punish juveniles
C) Reintegrate offenders into society
D) Militarize barangays
  • 98. The success of the Criminal Justice System depends on ____.
A) Court decisions only
B) Punishment severity
C) Cooperation among all five pillars
D) Police power alone
  • 99. Crime prevention becomes effective when ____.
A) Police act secretly
B) Citizens actively participate with law enforcers
C) Government acts alone
D) Punishment is harsh
  • 100. The Criminal Justice System functions best when ____.
A) Citizens fear the police
B) Justice is fair, swift, and humane
C) Offenders are tortured
D) Laws favor the powerful
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