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(CLJ 1) INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILIPPINE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM (IPCJS)
Contributed by: Ninge
  • 1. The Criminal Justice System refers to the network of institutions that ____.
A) Prevent and control crime
B) Protect criminals
C) Punish offenders only
D) Encourage deviance
  • 2. The term “Criminal Justice System” emphasizes ____.
A) Interdependence of institutions
B) Judicial supremacy
C) Police dominance
D) Political control
  • 3. The ultimate goal of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Political stability
B) Economic development
C) Legal education
D) Public safety and order
  • 4. How many pillars make up the Philippine Criminal Justice System?
A) Five
B) Three
C) Four
D) Six
  • 5. The first pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Courts
B) Prosecution
C) Law enforcement
D) Corrections
  • 6. The second pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Corrections
B) Law enforcement
C) Prosecution
D) Community
  • 7. The third pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Courts or Judiciary
B) Law enforcement
C) Community
D) Corrections
  • 8. The fourth pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Law enforcement
B) Prosecution
C) Judiciary
D) Corrections
  • 9. The fifth pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Prosecution
B) Judiciary
C) Community
D) Law enforcement
  • 10. The Criminal Justice System is a mechanism for ____.
A) Media management
B) Political control
C) Economic growth
D) Maintaining peace and order
  • 11. The Criminal Justice System starts functioning when ____.
A) A crime is committed and reported
B) A person is arrested
C) The judge issues a warrant
D) The prosecutor files a case
  • 12. Which is NOT a component of the Criminal Justice System?
A) Prosecution
B) Law enforcement
C) Legislative branch
D) Judiciary
  • 13. The police are under which pillar of the system?
A) Judiciary
B) Prosecution
C) Law enforcement
D) Community
  • 14. The fiscal or public prosecutor belongs to which pillar?
A) Prosecution
B) Judiciary
C) Corrections
D) Law enforcement
  • 15. Judges and courts are part of which pillar?
A) Law enforcement
B) Prosecution
C) Judiciary
D) Corrections
  • 16. Jails and prisons are under which pillar?
A) Prosecution
B) Judiciary
C) Law enforcement
D) Corrections
  • 17. The community pillar represents ____.
A) The police and military
B) Political leaders
C) People’s participation in crime prevention
D) Social workers only
  • 18. The system is called “interdependent” because ____.
A) Community acts alone
B) Each pillar affects the others
C) Police control the courts
D) Prosecutors are above judges
  • 19. The concept of justice means ____.
A) Giving each person his or her due
B) Protecting only the rich
C) Punishing everyone
D) Supporting criminals
  • 20. A criminal case proceeds from one pillar to another in a ____.
A) Sequential process
B) Political decision
C) Random order
D) Economic plan
  • 21. The main responsibility of law enforcement is to ____.
A) Judge cases
B) Prevent and control crime
C) Prosecute offenders
D) Reform inmates
  • 22. The first contact of a crime suspect with the system is through the ____.
A) Police
B) Prosecutor
C) Judge
D) Jail officer
  • 23. The Philippine National Police was created under ____.
A) . RA 4864
B) RA 7438
C) RA 8551
D) Republic Act 6975
  • 24. The PNP is under which government department?
A) Office of the President
B) Department of Defense
C) Department of Justice
D) Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
  • 25. The PNP was reorganized under ____.
A) RA 8551 (PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998)
B) RA 6975
C) RA 9165
D) RA 7438
  • 26. The chief of the PNP holds the rank of ____.
A) Chief Superintendent
B) Police General
C) Police Colonel
D) Police Director
  • 27. The power of arrest without warrant is allowed when ____.
A) The crime is committed in the officer’s presence
B) The prosecutor requests it
C) The suspect is at home
D) The judge orders it
  • 28. The Miranda Doctrine protects the suspect’s right to ____.
A) Leave the country
B) Confess freely
C) Escape arrest
D) Remain silent and have counsel
  • 29. The law that defines the rights of persons arrested or under custodial investigation is ____.
A) RA 6975
B) RA 7438
C) RA 8551
D) RA 9745
  • 30. The term “law enforcement” means ____.
A) Creation of laws
B) Court interpretation
C) Application of the law by authorized officers
D) Correctional management
  • 31. The Integrated National Police and the Philippine Constabulary were merged into the PNP in ____.
A) 1995
B) 2000
C) 1991
D) 1987
  • 32. The PNP is civilian in character as provided in the ____.
A) 1935 Constitution
B) 1987 Constitution
C) Bill of Rights
D) 1973 Constitution
  • 33. The law that governs anti-illegal drugs operations is ____.
A) RA 3815
B) RA 8353
C) RA 6975
D) RA 9165
  • 34. The National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM) exercises ____.
A) Judicial power
B) Administrative control and supervision over the PNP
C) Operational command
D) Legislative power
  • 35. The community can assist police in crime prevention through ____.
A) Private armies
B) Vigilante groups
C) Barangay tanods and volunteer groups
D) Secret societies
  • 36. The crime prevention program involving cooperation of citizens is called ____.
A) Community-oriented policing
B) Criminal profiling
C) Police militarization
D) Martial law
  • 37. The PNP motto is ____.
A) “Peace and Prosperity
B) “Law and Order”
C) “Honor and Duty”
D) “To Serve and Protect
  • 38. Police visibility aims to ____.
A) Deter the commission of crime
B) Train prosecutors
C) Increase fines
D) Improve politics
  • 39. A police blotter is used to record ____.
A) Court decisions
B) Prosecution records
C) Crimes and incidents reported
D) Prison escapes
  • 40. The PNP Internal Affairs Service (IAS) ensures ____.
A) Amnesty
B) Promotions
C) Rewards
D) Integrity and discipline within the police force
  • 41. The primary function of the prosecution pillar is to ____.
A) Determine probable cause and file cases in court
B) Arrest suspects
C) Judge offenders
D) Rehabilitate inmates
  • 42. Prosecutors are under which government department?
A) CHR
B) Department of Justice (DOJ)
C) Supreme Court
D) DILG
  • 43. The DOJ is headed by the ____.
A) Solicitor General
B) Secretary of Justice
C) Ombudsman
D) Chief Justice
  • 44. Preliminary investigation is conducted to ____.
A) Sentence offenders
B) File civil suits
C) Execute arrest
D) Determine probable cause
  • 45. The National Prosecution Service is under the ____.
A) Supreme Court
B) DILG
C) Department of Justice
D) Senate
  • 46. The Ombudsman investigates ____.
A) Military officers
B) Police trainees
C) Private citizens
D) Public officials accused of crimes
  • 47. The fiscal is another term for ____.
A) Defense attorney
B) Police officer
C) Public prosecutor
D) Judge
  • 48. Probable cause means ____.
A) Reasonable grounds to believe a crime was committed
B) Complete proof of guilt
C) Hearsay evidence
D) Political motive
  • 49. The resolution after a preliminary investigation is submitted to the ____.
A) Police
B) Community
C) Court
D) Prison
  • 50. The prosecution represents the ____.
A) Accused
B) Complainant only
C) Private sector
D) State or People of the Philippines
  • 51. The main function of the Judiciary is to ____.
A) Make laws
B) Interpret the law and render justice
C) Punish police officers
D) Enforce the law
  • 52. The highest court in the Philippines is the ____.
A) Regional Trial Court
B) Court of Appeals
C) Supreme Court
D) Sandiganbayan
  • 53. The Supreme Court is composed of ____.
A) Ten Justices
B) One Chief Justice and Fourteen Associate Justices
C) Fifteen Associate Justices
D) One Chief Justice and Ten Associate Justices
  • 54. The power of judicial review means the court can ____.
A) Execute laws
B) Amend the Constitution
C) Make new laws
D) Declare a law unconstitutional
  • 55. The Constitution that established the present judiciary structure is the ____.
A) 1987 Constitution
B) 1973 Constitution
C) 1946 Constitution
D) 1935 Constitution
  • 56. The special court for government corruption cases is the ____.
A) Court of Appeals
B) Sandiganbayan
C) Civil Service Commission
D) Ombudsman
  • 57. The People of the Philippines is always the ____.
A) Defendant
B) Accused
C) Respondent
D) Complainant or plaintiff in criminal cases
  • 58. The regular trial courts in the Philippines include the ____.
A) Barangay Courts
B) Sandiganbayan
C) Court of Tax Appeals
D) Regional Trial Courts (RTCs)
  • 59. The lowest courts in the judicial hierarchy are the ____.
A) Supreme Court
B) Municipal Trial Courts (MTCs)
C) Regional Trial Courts
D) Court of Appeals
  • 60. The Court of Appeals primarily handles ____.
A) Police cases
B) Barangay disputes
C) Administrative cases only
D) Appeals from lower courts
  • 61. The Family Courts handle cases involving ____.
A) Labor cases
B) Tax disputes
C) Juveniles and family-related offenses
D) Traffic violations
  • 62. The constitutional right to a fair trial means ____.
A) Fast conviction
B) Impartial hearing with due process
C) Political influence
D) Closed-door session
  • 63. A person cannot be convicted without ____.
A) Media coverage
B) A confession
C) Police testimony alone
D) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
  • 64. The presumption of innocence remains until ____.
A) Interrogated
B) Proven guilty in court
C) Arrested by police
D) Charged by the prosecutor
  • 65. The Judiciary is independent to ensure ____.
A) Political loyalty
B) Government funding
C) Law enforcement power
D) Fair and impartial justice
  • 66. Judicial power includes ____.
A) Controlling the police
B) Making new laws
C) Appointing prosecutors
D) Settling controversies involving rights
  • 67. The doctrine that a case once decided cannot be reopened is called ____.
A) Locus standi
B) Stare decisis
C) Habeas corpus
D) Res judicata
  • 68. The Latin phrase “stare decisis” means ____.
A) To delay decision
B) To stand by decided cases
C) To retry an accused
D) To dismiss a case
  • 69. A person deprived of liberty may file a petition for ____.
A) Writ of Amparo
B) Writ of Execution
C) Writ of Attachment
D) Writ of Habeas Corpus
  • 70. The Writ of Amparo protects citizens against ____.
A) Arrest for crime
B) Threats to life, liberty, and security
C) Property seizure
D) Deportation
  • 71. The main purpose of the Corrections Pillar is to ____.
A) Eliminate criminals
B) Rehabilitate offenders and prepare them for reintegration
C) Enforce the law
D) Punish offenders cruelly
  • 72. The Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) operates under the ____.
A) Supreme Court
B) Department of Justice (DOJ)
C) DILG
D) NAPOLCOM
  • 73. The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) is under the ____.
A) DSWD
B) Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
C) CHR
D) DOJ
  • 74. Prisons are managed by ____.
A) CHR
B) Bureau of Corrections (BuCor)
C) PNP
D) BJMP
  • 75. Jails are managed by ____.
A) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)
B) BuCor
C) DSWD
D) AFP
  • 76. The primary correctional institution for national prisoners is the ____.
A) Correctional Institution for Women
B) New Bilibid Prison
C) Davao Penal Colony
D) Iwahig Penal Colony
  • 77. Prisoners serving less than 3 years are usually confined in ____.
A) Rehabilitation centers
B) Jails
C) Prisons
D) Penal colonies
  • 78. The concept of “reformation” means ____.
A) Changing offender behavior to conform to law
B) Isolating prisoners forever
C) Using fear to control inmates
D) Torturing offenders
  • 79. Parole is granted to prisoners who ____.
A) Are minors
B) Show good behavior after serving part of the sentence
C) Are under trial
D) Are politically connected
  • 80. Probation is an alternative to ____.
A) Appeal
B) Imprisonment
C) Bail
D) Fine
  • 81. The law creating the Probation System in the Philippines is ____.
A) Presidential Decree 968
B) RA 6975
C) RA 10575
D) RA 7438
  • 82. The Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) operates under the ____.
A) DILG
B) CSC
C) Supreme Court
D) Department of Justice (DOJ)
  • 83. The term “corrections” was first used to replace ____.
A) Criminology
B) Penology
C) Police science
D) Criminalistics
  • 84. Prisoner rehabilitation aims to ____.
A) Restore offender’s moral and social values
B) Increase punishment
C) Encourage revenge
D) Promote fear
  • 85. Community-based corrections include ____.
A) Death penalty
B) Parole, Probation, and Pardon
C) Imprisonment
D) Life sentence
  • 86. The community is considered the ____ pillar of the CJS.
A) Fifth
B) First
C) Fourth
D) Third
  • 87. The main role of the community is to ____.
A) Replace police
B) Control courts
C) Support rehabilitation and crime prevention programs
D) Punish offenders
  • 88. The Barangay Justice System is created under ____.
A) RA 8551
B) RA 7438
C) RA 6975
D) Katarungang Pambarangay Law (RA 7160)
  • 89. The head of the Barangay Justice System is the ____.
A) Barangay Kagawad
B) Chief Tanod
C) Barangay Secretary
D) Barangay Captain (Punong Barangay)
  • 90. The primary purpose of the Barangay Justice System is ____.
A) Political control
B) Imprisonment
C) Amicable settlement of disputes
D) Fine collection
  • 91. The community pillar emphasizes ____.
A) Judicial independence
B) Police operations
C) Political power
D) Citizen participation in crime prevention
  • 92. The Human Rights Commission (CHR) was established under ____.
A) RA 6975
B) RA 7438
C) 1973 Constitution
D) 1987 Constitution, Article XIII
  • 93. The term “Restorative Justice” focuses on ____.
A) Repairing harm between offender, victim, and community
B) Isolating offenders
C) Punishing the criminal harshly
D) Ignoring the victim
  • 94. The Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act is ____.
A) RA 7438
B) RA 8551
C) RA 9165
D) Republic Act 9344
  • 95. The age of criminal responsibility under RA 9344 is ____.
A) 12 years old
B) 16 years old
C) 18 years old
D) 15 years old and below
  • 96. Children in conflict with the law (CICL) are handled by ____.
A) BuCor
B) DSWD and Bahay Pag-asa Centers
C) BJMP
D) Police stations only
  • 97. Community-based programs aim to ____.
A) Detain more prisoners
B) Punish juveniles
C) Militarize barangays
D) Reintegrate offenders into society
  • 98. The success of the Criminal Justice System depends on ____.
A) Police power alone
B) Court decisions only
C) Punishment severity
D) Cooperation among all five pillars
  • 99. Crime prevention becomes effective when ____.
A) Government acts alone
B) Police act secretly
C) Citizens actively participate with law enforcers
D) Punishment is harsh
  • 100. The Criminal Justice System functions best when ____.
A) Offenders are tortured
B) Justice is fair, swift, and humane
C) Laws favor the powerful
D) Citizens fear the police
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