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Philippine history - Test
Contributed by: McLoughlin
  • 1. The history of the Philippines is a rich tapestry of diverse cultures, colonial influences, and struggles for independence. From ancient civilizations like the Majapahit Empire to the Spanish colonization and the subsequent American occupation, the Filipino people have endured various challenges and triumphs. The fight for independence led by national heroes like Jose Rizal and Andres Bonifacio culminated in the declaration of independence in 1898. The Philippines has since evolved into a vibrant nation with a unique blend of traditions, languages, and customs. Despite its tumultuous past, the Philippines continues to thrive as a resilient and dynamic country in Southeast Asia.

    When did the Philippines gain independence from Spanish colonization?
A) July 4, 1946
B) September 21, 1972
C) June 12, 1898
D) December 7, 1941
  • 2. Which Philippine president declared martial law in 1972?
A) Ferdinand Marcos
B) Ramon Magsaysay
C) Benigno Aquino Jr.
D) Corazon Aquino
  • 3. Who was the leader of the Katipunan, a secret society that fought for Philippine independence?
A) Emilio Aguinaldo
B) Manuel L. Quezon
C) Andres Bonifacio
D) Jose Rizal
  • 4. Who was the first President of the Philippines?
A) Manuel L. Quezon
B) Carlos P. Garcia
C) Sergio Osmena
D) Emilio Aguinaldo
  • 5. Who was the first Filipino saint?
A) Ramon Magsaysay
B) Gregorio del Pilar
C) Lorenzo Ruiz
D) Pedro Calungsod
  • 6. Which event led to the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1898, signaling the end of the Spanish-American War?
A) The Cry of Pugad Lawin
B) The Siege of Baler
C) The Battle of Manila Bay
D) The execution of Jose Rizal
  • 7. Which Philippine president was known as the 'Greatest President of the Commonwealth Period'?
A) Sergio Osmena
B) Emilio Aguinaldo
C) Benigno Aquino Jr.
D) Manuel L. Quezon
  • 8. Which American general led the US forces that captured Emilio Aguinaldo?
A) Dwight D. Eisenhower
B) Frederick Funston
C) Douglas MacArthur
D) George S. Patton
  • 9. What was the name of the first Philippine constitution?
A) Quezon Constitution
B) Malolos Constitution
C) Aguinaldo Constitution
D) Mabini Constitution
  • 10. Who was the leader of the Filipino Muslims who led armed resistance against the Spanish colonial government?
A) Sultan Kudarat
B) Datu Lapu-Lapu
C) Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
D) Lapu-Lapu
  • 11. Which Philippine president was assassinated at the Manila International Airport in 1983?
A) Joseph Estrada
B) Ramon Magsaysay
C) Benigno Aquino Jr.
D) Fidel V. Ramos
  • 12. In what year did the Philippines declare its independence from the United States?
A) 1952
B) 1946
C) 1962
D) 1935
  • 13. Which Filipino hero was known as the 'Sublime Paralytic'?
A) Jose Rizal
B) Apolinario Mabini
C) Emilio Aguinaldo
D) Andres Bonifacio
  • 14. Which US president granted the Philippines independence on July 4, 1946?
A) John F. Kennedy
B) Harry S. Truman
C) Dwight D. Eisenhower
D) Franklin D. Roosevelt
  • 15. When was the EDSA People Power Revolution?
A) 1992
B) 1986
C) 2001
D) 1972
  • 16. Which Philippine president was known as the 'Asian Diplomat'?
A) Sergio Osmena
B) Manuel Roxas
C) Elpidio Quirino
D) Carlos P. Garcia
  • 17. Where did the Battle of Tirad Pass, where Gregorio del Pilar died, take place?
A) Ilocos Sur
B) Bataan
C) Batangas
D) Cavite
  • 18. Who was the first Filipino cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church?
A) Jaime Sin
B) Luis Antonio Tagle
C) Rufino Jiao Santos
D) Orlando Quevedo
  • 19. In what year did the Philippines host the Miss Universe pageant for the first time?
A) 1997
B) 1974
C) 1969
D) 1981
  • 20. Which American governor-general ordered the establishment of the University of the Philippines?
A) Woodrow Wilson
B) Theodore Roosevelt
C) Harry S. Truman
D) William Howard Taft
  • 21. When did the earliest hominin activity occur in the Philippines?
A) Around 3000 BCE
B) In the first millennium CE
C) At least by 709,000 years ago
D) By 47,000 years ago
  • 22. Which species of archaic humans was present on Luzon by 134,000 years ago?
A) Homo luzonensis
B) Homo sapiens
C) Neanderthals
D) Denisovans
  • 23. Where were the earliest known anatomically modern humans in the Philippines found?
A) Tabon Caves in Palawan
B) Rizal, Kalinga
C) Cagayan
D) Callao Cave
  • 24. Which groups were the first to settle in prehistoric Philippines?
A) Negrito groups
B) Hanunoo
C) Austronesians
D) Malayo-Polynesians
  • 25. From where did Austronesian-speaking peoples migrate to the Philippines around 3000 BCE?
A) China
B) Japan
C) India
D) Taiwan
  • 26. Which cultures were linked to Austronesians before their expansion out of Taiwan?
A) Majiabang and Hemudu only
B) Dapenkeng and Majiabang only
C) Liangzhu and Majiabang only
D) Hemudu, Liangzhu, and Dapenkeng
  • 27. What is the most widely accepted theory of Austronesian migration?
A) The 'Out-of-India' model
B) The 'Out-of-China' model
C) The 'Out-of-Japan' model
D) : The 'Out-of-Taiwan' model
  • 28. Which cultures share common cultural markers with Austronesians?
A) Taiwanese indigenous peoples, Islander Southeast Asians, Chams, Islander Melanesians, Micronesians, Polynesians, and the Malagasy people
B) Han Chinese and Japanese
C) European settlers
D) Indian subcontinent cultures only
  • 29. What distinct kinds of peoples developed in the Philippines by 1000 BCE?
A) Only harbor principalities and petty plutocracy
B) Tribal groups, warrior societies, petty plutocracy, and harbor principalities
C) Only tribal groups and harbor principalities
D) Only tribal groups and warrior societies
  • 30. When did early metallurgy reach the Philippine archipelagos?
A) In the first millennium CE
B) During Spanish colonial rule
C) Around 300–700 CE
D) By 1000 BCE via trade with India
  • 31. Which religions influenced the seafaring peoples of the Philippines between 300–700 CE?
A) Islam and Christianity
B) Shintoism and Animism
C) Buddhism and Hinduism
D) Confucianism and Taoism
  • 32. Which city was the first permanent Spanish settlement established in?
A) Manila
B) Zamboanga
C) Davao
D) Cebu
  • 33. What was established by the United States to rule the Philippines after 1898?
A) The Viceroyalty of New Spain
B) The Philippine Commonwealth
C) Direct rule by the U.S. Congress
D) The Insular Government
  • 34. What did the Jones Act promise for the Philippines?
A) Continued colonial rule
B) Permanent annexation to the United States
C) Independence
D) Full integration into the U.S. as a state
  • 35. When was the Philippine Commonwealth established?
A) In 1907
B) In 1935
C) In 1946
D) In 1898
  • 36. Which country occupied the Philippines during World War II?
A) Germany
B) Italy
C) Japan
D) The United States
  • 37. Where was the Sa Huỳnh culture primarily centered?
A) Central Thailand
B) Taiwan
C) Palawan, Philippines
D) Present-day Vietnam
  • 38. What is the Maitum anthropomorphic pottery dated to?
A) 500–700 CE
B) Around 200 CE
C) 400 BCE–1500 CE
D) 1000–1200 CE
  • 39. In what script was the Laguna Copperplate Inscription written?
A) Latin script
B) Kawi script
C) Arabic script
D) Baybayin script
  • 40. What culture influenced Manila Bay during the time of the Laguna Copperplate Inscription?
A) Hindu–Old Malay amalgamation
B) Arab
C) Greek and Roman
D) Chinese
  • 41. Which Arab chronicler wrote about the military competition between Muja and Mayd with the Chinese Empire?
A) Ibn Battuta
B) Abu al-Fida
C) Al Ya'akubi
D) Al-Masudi
  • 42. Who was appointed by the Yongle Emperor to oversee trade in Tondo?
A) Li Bo
B) Ko Ch'a-lao
C) Macao
D) Zheng He
  • 43. What was the outcome of the Castilian War for the Spanish?
A) They permanently conquered Brunei.
B) They temporarily seized Brunei's capital.
C) They lost to the Bruneians.
D) They established a permanent colony in Brunei.
  • 44. What year did Kumintang become a Spanish town?
A) 1599
B) 1576
C) 1605
D) 1581
  • 45. From which place did the founders of the Sultanate of Sulu arrive?
A) Johore, Malaysia
B) Butuan Rajahnate
C) Malacca
D) Brunei
  • 46. Pulilu was politically connected to which nation at the Calamianes?
A) Sandao
B) Ma-i
C) Madja-as
D) Brunei
  • 47. Which river bisected the fortified polity of Cainta?
A) The Marikina River
B) The Lingayen Gulf
C) The Pasig River
D) The Calumpang River
  • 48. What larger country was Sandao a vassal-state to?
A) Pulilu
B) Srivijaya
C) Madja-as
D) Ma-i
  • 49. Which Philippine kingdom regained independence after Brunei's invasion?
A) Sulu.
B) Manila.
C) Cebu.
D) Iloilo.
  • 50. Which present-day location corresponds to the ancient Jiamayan?
A) Davao
B) Zamboanga
C) Cebu
D) Calamian
  • 51. What name was given to the confederation of polities established by Datu Puti and his followers?
A) Pulilu
B) Ma-i
C) Madja-as
D) Sandao
  • 52. What was the time period during which Ma-i is recorded in Song dynasty history?
A) 1300–1500
B) 900–1100
C) 1000–1200
D) Before 971 – after 1339
  • 53. Who founded the Kingdom of Cebu?
A) Datu Lapulapu
B) Rajah Sri Bata Shaja
C) Rajah Humabon
D) Sri Lumay, also known as Rajamuda Lumaya
  • 54. What evidence supports the existence of the Rajahnate of Butuan?
A) The Cebu Stone Inscription
B) The Butuan Silver Paleograph
C) The Maynila Stone
D) The Laguna Copperplate Inscription
  • 55. What type of weapons were encountered in naval battles in Pangasinan?
A) Japanese-style gunpowder weapons
B) Indian war elephants
C) European longbows
D) Chinese crossbows
  • 56. Who ruled the maritime societies in precolonial Philippines?
A) Military generals
B) Datus, wangs, rajahs, sultans or lakans
C) Elected officials
D) Emperors and queens
  • 57. What was unique about the Sultanate system in Lanao compared to Sulu and Maguindanao?
A) It had no royal houses.
B) It was uniquely decentralized.
C) It did not follow Islamic principles.
D) It was centralized under one ruler.
  • 58. Which language is classified as a Southern Visayan language in the Sulu state?
A) Malay
B) Cham
C) Yakan
D) Tausug
  • 59. Who are the ancestors of the local Yakan people?
A) The Orang Dampuans
B) Buranuns
C) Visayan migrants
D) Hindu Sulu
  • 60. Which class did the Lakan belong to in ancient Tagalog society?
A) Datu
B) Timawa
C) Maharlika
D) Alipin
  • 61. Which river was the polity of Kumintang located around?
A) Calumpang River
B) Lingayen Gulf
C) Pasig River
D) Marikina River
  • 62. What did the datus in Panay and other Visayan islands do after returning from Borneo?
A) Established a new confederation
B) Joined forces with Rajah Makatunaw
C) Returned to their original homeland
D) Founded various towns
  • 63. What was a primary trade good from Pangasinan in exchange for Japanese and Chinese goods?
A) Porcelain
B) Gold
C) Spices
D) Silk
  • 64. What was Pangasinan known for in Chinese records during the early 15th century?
A) Shipbuilding techniques.
B) Ceramic production.
C) Gold mining operations.
D) Its salt-making industry.
  • 65. From which island did Datu Puti and his followers purchase land?
A) Mindoro
B) Borneo
C) Panay
D) Samar
  • 66. What artifact with Kawi script was found in Butuan?
A) An Ivory seal
B) A stone tablet
C) A bronze statue
D) A wooden carving
  • 67. Who ruled the Chieftaincy of Coron Island?
A) Tagbanua warriors
B) Datus
C) Spanish missionaries
D) Rajahs
  • 68. Who was Datu Macatunao also known as, according to Rev. Fr. Santaren?
A) Rajah Makatunaw
B) Paybare
C) Labaodungon
D) Datu Puti
  • 69. What type of ware did Japan import from Luzon?
A) Porcelain ware
B) Ceramic tiles
C) Bronze ware
D) Mishima ware
  • 70. Who was the paramount ruler of Tondo during the 1500s?
A) Sultan
B) Rajah
C) Datu
D) Lakan
  • 71. Who was the Negrito chieftain that sold Panay to Datu Puti and his followers?
A) Marikudo
B) Puti
C) Makatunaw
D) Paybare
  • 72. What does the term Singhapala translate to?
A) Trade City
B) Golden City
C) Rice City
D) Lion City
  • 73. Who was the customs inspector that wrote about Sandao in Chinese annals?
A) Li Bai
B) Chao Jukua
C) Fu Xi
D) Zheng He
  • 74. Which city did the Lucoes help defend against Burmese invaders in 1547?
A) Ayuthaya
B) Malacca
C) Siam
D) Manila
  • 75. During which centuries did Namayan reach its peak?
A) 11th–14th centuries
B) 13th–16th centuries
C) 9th–12th centuries
D) 15th–18th centuries
  • 76. During which years did the Pi-sho-ye conduct raids on southern China?
A) 1100–1125
B) 1200–1225
C) 1150–1180
D) 1174–1190
  • 77. Who introduced Islam to Mindanao?
A) Shariff Mohammed Kabungsuwan
B) Shari'ful Hashem Syed Abu Bakr
C) Rajah Baguinda
D) Karim ul' Makdum
  • 78. Which kingdom sent emissaries to China as a tributary-state between 1406 and 1411?
A) Cainta
B) Kumintang
C) Namayan
D) Pangasinan
  • 79. Who did Sultan Bolkiah marry to expand Brunei's influence in Luzon and Mindanao?
A) Puteri Laila Menchanai
B) Sultan Sulayman
C) Rajah Salalila
D) Laila Menchanai
  • 80. Which dynasty's products were traded by Tondo and Maynila?
A) Tang Dynasty
B) Han Dynasty
C) Ming Dynasty
D) Song Dynasty
  • 81. Which historian identified the pre-Islamic Bruneian Buddhist kingdom of Vijayapura?
A) Efren B. Isorena
B) Robert Nicholl
C) Antonio Pigafetta
D) Chao Ju-Kua
  • 82. Which inscription provides the earliest historical record of Tondo and other local polities?
A) The Butuan Ivory Seal
B) The Cebu Stone Inscription
C) The Maynila Stone Inscription
D) The Laguna Copperplate Inscription
  • 83. In which Chinese historical document is Pulilu mentioned?
A) Yijing
B) Zhufan zhi
C) Zizhi Tongjian
D) Shiji
  • 84. Who led the ten exiled datus that migrated to the central islands of the Philippines?
A) Sang Aji
B) Rajah Makatunaw
C) Labaodungon
D) Datu Puti
  • 85. Who were the Pi-sho-ye raids most likely conducted by, according to Efren B. Isorena?
A) Chinese merchants
B) People of Ibabao
C) Srivijayan warriors
D) Visayans from the Visayas islands
  • 86. Which Japanese merchant changed his surname to Luzon?
A) Tokugawa Ieyasu
B) Miyamoto Musashi
C) Toyotomi Hideyoshi
D) Luzon Sukezaemon
  • 87. Which country recognized the Kingdom of Cebu diplomatically?
A) India
B) Malaysia
C) Thailand (Siam)
D) China
  • 88. Which polity did Chinese historical accounts refer to as 'Luzon'?
A) Butuan
B) Cebu
C) Maguindanao
D) Maynila
  • 89. Which Prehispanic polity was centered at Polillo, Quezon?
A) Pulilu
B) Sandao
C) Ma-i
D) Madja-as
  • 90. When is the Calatagan pot with baybayin inscription dated to?
A) Late 17th century
B) Mid 15th century
C) Not later than early 16th century
D) Early 18th century
  • 91. How did the Spaniards refer to the people of Tondo?
A) Encomenderos
B) Caciques
C) Hidalgos
D) Conquistadors
  • 92. Which document marks the start of significant written records in the late 16th century?
A) Sulu Sultanate Charter
B) Laguna Copperplate Inscription
C) Doctrina Christiana
D) Baybayin Manuscript
  • 93. What was Sanmalan known for in Chinese records?
A) A colony under Spanish rule in the 1600s.
B) A major trading hub during the 1500s.
C) The birthplace of the first Filipino king.
D) A precolonial Philippine kingdom on what is now Zamboanga.
  • 94. Who represented Sanmalan at the Chinese imperial court in 982?
A) Ambassador Ali Bakti.
B) Rajah Chulan himself.
C) Chinese envoys.
D) A group of local traders.
  • 95. Where did Labaodungon and his wife, Ojaytanayon, settle after their return?
A) Samar
B) Odtojan
C) Panay
D) Moroboro
  • 96. What cultural practice did the locals in Pangasinan share with other maritime Southeast Asian ethnic groups?
A) Practicing ancestor worship.
B) Wearing iron armors.
C) Blackening their teeth.
D) Building wooden palaces.
  • 97. Who was executed during the Tondo Conspiracy of 1587–1588?
A) Lakan Dula
B) Rajah Salalila
C) Agustín de Legazpi
D) Magat Salamat
  • 98. Which civilization was the ancestral homeland of the Visayans according to Robert Nicholl?
A) Madja-as
B) Brunei
C) Funan Civilization
D) Srivijaya Empire
  • 99. Which Sultanate was subjugated by Brunei to the south?
A) Lanao
B) Kutai
C) Sulu
D) Maguindanao
  • 100. Who was the legendary ruler associated with Kumintang?
A) King Kamayin
B) A Spanish governor
C) Chao Ju-kua
D) Gat Pulintan
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