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Philippine history - Test
Contributed by: McLoughlin
  • 1. The history of the Philippines is a rich tapestry of diverse cultures, colonial influences, and struggles for independence. From ancient civilizations like the Majapahit Empire to the Spanish colonization and the subsequent American occupation, the Filipino people have endured various challenges and triumphs. The fight for independence led by national heroes like Jose Rizal and Andres Bonifacio culminated in the declaration of independence in 1898. The Philippines has since evolved into a vibrant nation with a unique blend of traditions, languages, and customs. Despite its tumultuous past, the Philippines continues to thrive as a resilient and dynamic country in Southeast Asia.

    When did the Philippines gain independence from Spanish colonization?
A) December 7, 1941
B) July 4, 1946
C) September 21, 1972
D) June 12, 1898
  • 2. Which Philippine president declared martial law in 1972?
A) Corazon Aquino
B) Benigno Aquino Jr.
C) Ferdinand Marcos
D) Ramon Magsaysay
  • 3. Who was the leader of the Katipunan, a secret society that fought for Philippine independence?
A) Emilio Aguinaldo
B) Andres Bonifacio
C) Jose Rizal
D) Manuel L. Quezon
  • 4. Who was the first President of the Philippines?
A) Manuel L. Quezon
B) Emilio Aguinaldo
C) Sergio Osmena
D) Carlos P. Garcia
  • 5. Who was the first Filipino saint?
A) Gregorio del Pilar
B) Pedro Calungsod
C) Lorenzo Ruiz
D) Ramon Magsaysay
  • 6. Which event led to the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1898, signaling the end of the Spanish-American War?
A) The Cry of Pugad Lawin
B) The Battle of Manila Bay
C) The Siege of Baler
D) The execution of Jose Rizal
  • 7. Which Philippine president was known as the 'Greatest President of the Commonwealth Period'?
A) Emilio Aguinaldo
B) Sergio Osmena
C) Manuel L. Quezon
D) Benigno Aquino Jr.
  • 8. Which American general led the US forces that captured Emilio Aguinaldo?
A) Frederick Funston
B) George S. Patton
C) Dwight D. Eisenhower
D) Douglas MacArthur
  • 9. What was the name of the first Philippine constitution?
A) Malolos Constitution
B) Quezon Constitution
C) Aguinaldo Constitution
D) Mabini Constitution
  • 10. Who was the leader of the Filipino Muslims who led armed resistance against the Spanish colonial government?
A) Datu Lapu-Lapu
B) Sultan Kudarat
C) Lapu-Lapu
D) Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
  • 11. Which Philippine president was assassinated at the Manila International Airport in 1983?
A) Ramon Magsaysay
B) Joseph Estrada
C) Benigno Aquino Jr.
D) Fidel V. Ramos
  • 12. In what year did the Philippines declare its independence from the United States?
A) 1935
B) 1952
C) 1946
D) 1962
  • 13. Which Filipino hero was known as the 'Sublime Paralytic'?
A) Jose Rizal
B) Apolinario Mabini
C) Andres Bonifacio
D) Emilio Aguinaldo
  • 14. Which US president granted the Philippines independence on July 4, 1946?
A) Franklin D. Roosevelt
B) Dwight D. Eisenhower
C) Harry S. Truman
D) John F. Kennedy
  • 15. When was the EDSA People Power Revolution?
A) 1972
B) 2001
C) 1992
D) 1986
  • 16. Which Philippine president was known as the 'Asian Diplomat'?
A) Sergio Osmena
B) Carlos P. Garcia
C) Manuel Roxas
D) Elpidio Quirino
  • 17. Where did the Battle of Tirad Pass, where Gregorio del Pilar died, take place?
A) Bataan
B) Batangas
C) Ilocos Sur
D) Cavite
  • 18. Who was the first Filipino cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church?
A) Jaime Sin
B) Rufino Jiao Santos
C) Orlando Quevedo
D) Luis Antonio Tagle
  • 19. In what year did the Philippines host the Miss Universe pageant for the first time?
A) 1969
B) 1981
C) 1974
D) 1997
  • 20. Which American governor-general ordered the establishment of the University of the Philippines?
A) Theodore Roosevelt
B) William Howard Taft
C) Harry S. Truman
D) Woodrow Wilson
  • 21. When did the earliest hominin activity occur in the Philippines?
A) In the first millennium CE
B) By 47,000 years ago
C) Around 3000 BCE
D) At least by 709,000 years ago
  • 22. Which species of archaic humans was present on Luzon by 134,000 years ago?
A) Homo sapiens
B) Denisovans
C) Homo luzonensis
D) Neanderthals
  • 23. Where were the earliest known anatomically modern humans in the Philippines found?
A) Tabon Caves in Palawan
B) Cagayan
C) Rizal, Kalinga
D) Callao Cave
  • 24. Which groups were the first to settle in prehistoric Philippines?
A) Austronesians
B) Malayo-Polynesians
C) Negrito groups
D) Hanunoo
  • 25. From where did Austronesian-speaking peoples migrate to the Philippines around 3000 BCE?
A) India
B) Taiwan
C) Japan
D) China
  • 26. Which cultures were linked to Austronesians before their expansion out of Taiwan?
A) Majiabang and Hemudu only
B) Hemudu, Liangzhu, and Dapenkeng
C) Dapenkeng and Majiabang only
D) Liangzhu and Majiabang only
  • 27. What is the most widely accepted theory of Austronesian migration?
A) The 'Out-of-China' model
B) The 'Out-of-India' model
C) : The 'Out-of-Taiwan' model
D) The 'Out-of-Japan' model
  • 28. Which cultures share common cultural markers with Austronesians?
A) European settlers
B) Han Chinese and Japanese
C) Indian subcontinent cultures only
D) Taiwanese indigenous peoples, Islander Southeast Asians, Chams, Islander Melanesians, Micronesians, Polynesians, and the Malagasy people
  • 29. What distinct kinds of peoples developed in the Philippines by 1000 BCE?
A) Only tribal groups and harbor principalities
B) Tribal groups, warrior societies, petty plutocracy, and harbor principalities
C) Only harbor principalities and petty plutocracy
D) Only tribal groups and warrior societies
  • 30. When did early metallurgy reach the Philippine archipelagos?
A) In the first millennium CE
B) During Spanish colonial rule
C) Around 300–700 CE
D) By 1000 BCE via trade with India
  • 31. Which religions influenced the seafaring peoples of the Philippines between 300–700 CE?
A) Shintoism and Animism
B) Confucianism and Taoism
C) Buddhism and Hinduism
D) Islam and Christianity
  • 32. Which city was the first permanent Spanish settlement established in?
A) Davao
B) Manila
C) Zamboanga
D) Cebu
  • 33. What was established by the United States to rule the Philippines after 1898?
A) The Viceroyalty of New Spain
B) Direct rule by the U.S. Congress
C) The Philippine Commonwealth
D) The Insular Government
  • 34. What did the Jones Act promise for the Philippines?
A) Permanent annexation to the United States
B) Independence
C) Full integration into the U.S. as a state
D) Continued colonial rule
  • 35. When was the Philippine Commonwealth established?
A) In 1898
B) In 1935
C) In 1907
D) In 1946
  • 36. Which country occupied the Philippines during World War II?
A) Japan
B) Germany
C) The United States
D) Italy
  • 37. Where was the Sa Huỳnh culture primarily centered?
A) Taiwan
B) Palawan, Philippines
C) Central Thailand
D) Present-day Vietnam
  • 38. What is the Maitum anthropomorphic pottery dated to?
A) Around 200 CE
B) 400 BCE–1500 CE
C) 500–700 CE
D) 1000–1200 CE
  • 39. In what script was the Laguna Copperplate Inscription written?
A) Baybayin script
B) Arabic script
C) Kawi script
D) Latin script
  • 40. What culture influenced Manila Bay during the time of the Laguna Copperplate Inscription?
A) Greek and Roman
B) Arab
C) Chinese
D) Hindu–Old Malay amalgamation
  • 41. Which document marks the start of significant written records in the late 16th century?
A) Sulu Sultanate Charter
B) Doctrina Christiana
C) Baybayin Manuscript
D) Laguna Copperplate Inscription
  • 42. What artifact with Kawi script was found in Butuan?
A) A stone tablet
B) A wooden carving
C) A bronze statue
D) An Ivory seal
  • 43. When is the Calatagan pot with baybayin inscription dated to?
A) Late 17th century
B) Mid 15th century
C) Not later than early 16th century
D) Early 18th century
  • 44. Who ruled the maritime societies in precolonial Philippines?
A) Datus, wangs, rajahs, sultans or lakans
B) Elected officials
C) Military generals
D) Emperors and queens
  • 45. Who ruled the Chieftaincy of Coron Island?
A) Rajahs
B) Tagbanua warriors
C) Datus
D) Spanish missionaries
  • 46. Which inscription provides the earliest historical record of Tondo and other local polities?
A) The Butuan Ivory Seal
B) The Cebu Stone Inscription
C) The Laguna Copperplate Inscription
D) The Maynila Stone Inscription
  • 47. Who was the paramount ruler of Tondo during the 1500s?
A) Rajah
B) Sultan
C) Datu
D) Lakan
  • 48. Which dynasty's products were traded by Tondo and Maynila?
A) Ming Dynasty
B) Song Dynasty
C) Han Dynasty
D) Tang Dynasty
  • 49. Who was appointed by the Yongle Emperor to oversee trade in Tondo?
A) Ko Ch'a-lao
B) Zheng He
C) Li Bo
D) Macao
  • 50. Which class did the Lakan belong to in ancient Tagalog society?
A) Alipin
B) Datu
C) Maharlika
D) Timawa
  • 51. How did the Spaniards refer to the people of Tondo?
A) Encomenderos
B) Caciques
C) Conquistadors
D) Hidalgos
  • 52. Which Japanese merchant changed his surname to Luzon?
A) Toyotomi Hideyoshi
B) Luzon Sukezaemon
C) Tokugawa Ieyasu
D) Miyamoto Musashi
  • 53. Which polity did Chinese historical accounts refer to as 'Luzon'?
A) Butuan
B) Maynila
C) Maguindanao
D) Cebu
  • 54. What type of ware did Japan import from Luzon?
A) Ceramic tiles
B) Bronze ware
C) Mishima ware
D) Porcelain ware
  • 55. Which river bisected the fortified polity of Cainta?
A) The Calumpang River
B) The Pasig River
C) The Marikina River
D) The Lingayen Gulf
  • 56. During which centuries did Namayan reach its peak?
A) 11th–14th centuries
B) 15th–18th centuries
C) 9th–12th centuries
D) 13th–16th centuries
  • 57. Who was the legendary ruler associated with Kumintang?
A) King Kamayin
B) Chao Ju-kua
C) A Spanish governor
D) Gat Pulintan
  • 58. What year did Kumintang become a Spanish town?
A) 1576
B) 1581
C) 1605
D) 1599
  • 59. Which river was the polity of Kumintang located around?
A) Marikina River
B) Lingayen Gulf
C) Calumpang River
D) Pasig River
  • 60. What was Pangasinan known for in Chinese records during the early 15th century?
A) Its salt-making industry.
B) Shipbuilding techniques.
C) Gold mining operations.
D) Ceramic production.
  • 61. Which kingdom sent emissaries to China as a tributary-state between 1406 and 1411?
A) Kumintang
B) Namayan
C) Cainta
D) Pangasinan
  • 62. What cultural practice did the locals in Pangasinan share with other maritime Southeast Asian ethnic groups?
A) Practicing ancestor worship.
B) Blackening their teeth.
C) Wearing iron armors.
D) Building wooden palaces.
  • 63. What type of weapons were encountered in naval battles in Pangasinan?
A) Chinese crossbows
B) European longbows
C) Indian war elephants
D) Japanese-style gunpowder weapons
  • 64. What was a primary trade good from Pangasinan in exchange for Japanese and Chinese goods?
A) Gold
B) Spices
C) Silk
D) Porcelain
  • 65. Which Arab chronicler wrote about the military competition between Muja and Mayd with the Chinese Empire?
A) Ibn Battuta
B) Al Ya'akubi
C) Al-Masudi
D) Abu al-Fida
  • 66. Who was the customs inspector that wrote about Sandao in Chinese annals?
A) Zheng He
B) Chao Jukua
C) Li Bai
D) Fu Xi
  • 67. Which present-day location corresponds to the ancient Jiamayan?
A) Calamian
B) Zamboanga
C) Davao
D) Cebu
  • 68. What was the time period during which Ma-i is recorded in Song dynasty history?
A) 1000–1200
B) 1300–1500
C) 900–1100
D) Before 971 – after 1339
  • 69. Which Prehispanic polity was centered at Polillo, Quezon?
A) Ma-i
B) Madja-as
C) Sandao
D) Pulilu
  • 70. In which Chinese historical document is Pulilu mentioned?
A) Yijing
B) Zizhi Tongjian
C) Zhufan zhi
D) Shiji
  • 71. Pulilu was politically connected to which nation at the Calamianes?
A) Brunei
B) Sandao
C) Madja-as
D) Ma-i
  • 72. What larger country was Sandao a vassal-state to?
A) Ma-i
B) Madja-as
C) Pulilu
D) Srivijaya
  • 73. During which years did the Pi-sho-ye conduct raids on southern China?
A) 1200–1225
B) 1174–1190
C) 1100–1125
D) 1150–1180
  • 74. Who were the Pi-sho-ye raids most likely conducted by, according to Efren B. Isorena?
A) Chinese merchants
B) Visayans from the Visayas islands
C) Srivijayan warriors
D) People of Ibabao
  • 75. Who led the ten exiled datus that migrated to the central islands of the Philippines?
A) Datu Puti
B) Rajah Makatunaw
C) Labaodungon
D) Sang Aji
  • 76. From which island did Datu Puti and his followers purchase land?
A) Borneo
B) Mindoro
C) Samar
D) Panay
  • 77. Who was the Negrito chieftain that sold Panay to Datu Puti and his followers?
A) Marikudo
B) Makatunaw
C) Puti
D) Paybare
  • 78. What name was given to the confederation of polities established by Datu Puti and his followers?
A) Pulilu
B) Sandao
C) Ma-i
D) Madja-as
  • 79. Which historian identified the pre-Islamic Bruneian Buddhist kingdom of Vijayapura?
A) Antonio Pigafetta
B) Efren B. Isorena
C) Robert Nicholl
D) Chao Ju-Kua
  • 80. Which civilization was the ancestral homeland of the Visayans according to Robert Nicholl?
A) Madja-as
B) Funan Civilization
C) Brunei
D) Srivijaya Empire
  • 81. Who was Datu Macatunao also known as, according to Rev. Fr. Santaren?
A) Paybare
B) Datu Puti
C) Rajah Makatunaw
D) Labaodungon
  • 82. Where did Labaodungon and his wife, Ojaytanayon, settle after their return?
A) Panay
B) Moroboro
C) Samar
D) Odtojan
  • 83. What did the datus in Panay and other Visayan islands do after returning from Borneo?
A) Founded various towns
B) Joined forces with Rajah Makatunaw
C) Established a new confederation
D) Returned to their original homeland
  • 84. Who founded the Kingdom of Cebu?
A) Rajah Sri Bata Shaja
B) Datu Lapulapu
C) Sri Lumay, also known as Rajamuda Lumaya
D) Rajah Humabon
  • 85. What does the term Singhapala translate to?
A) Lion City
B) Golden City
C) Rice City
D) Trade City
  • 86. Which country recognized the Kingdom of Cebu diplomatically?
A) Malaysia
B) Thailand (Siam)
C) China
D) India
  • 87. What evidence supports the existence of the Rajahnate of Butuan?
A) The Laguna Copperplate Inscription
B) The Maynila Stone
C) The Butuan Silver Paleograph
D) The Cebu Stone Inscription
  • 88. What was Sanmalan known for in Chinese records?
A) A colony under Spanish rule in the 1600s.
B) A precolonial Philippine kingdom on what is now Zamboanga.
C) A major trading hub during the 1500s.
D) The birthplace of the first Filipino king.
  • 89. Who represented Sanmalan at the Chinese imperial court in 982?
A) Rajah Chulan himself.
B) Chinese envoys.
C) A group of local traders.
D) Ambassador Ali Bakti.
  • 90. Which Philippine kingdom regained independence after Brunei's invasion?
A) Manila.
B) Sulu.
C) Cebu.
D) Iloilo.
  • 91. From which place did the founders of the Sultanate of Sulu arrive?
A) Butuan Rajahnate
B) Johore, Malaysia
C) Malacca
D) Brunei
  • 92. Which language is classified as a Southern Visayan language in the Sulu state?
A) Yakan
B) Malay
C) Tausug
D) Cham
  • 93. Who are the ancestors of the local Yakan people?
A) Visayan migrants
B) The Orang Dampuans
C) Buranuns
D) Hindu Sulu
  • 94. Who introduced Islam to Mindanao?
A) Shari'ful Hashem Syed Abu Bakr
B) Karim ul' Makdum
C) Shariff Mohammed Kabungsuwan
D) Rajah Baguinda
  • 95. What was unique about the Sultanate system in Lanao compared to Sulu and Maguindanao?
A) It was centralized under one ruler.
B) It did not follow Islamic principles.
C) It was uniquely decentralized.
D) It had no royal houses.
  • 96. Who did Sultan Bolkiah marry to expand Brunei's influence in Luzon and Mindanao?
A) Laila Menchanai
B) Puteri Laila Menchanai
C) Rajah Salalila
D) Sultan Sulayman
  • 97. Which Sultanate was subjugated by Brunei to the south?
A) Kutai
B) Maguindanao
C) Lanao
D) Sulu
  • 98. Which city did the Lucoes help defend against Burmese invaders in 1547?
A) Ayuthaya
B) Malacca
C) Manila
D) Siam
  • 99. What was the outcome of the Castilian War for the Spanish?
A) They lost to the Bruneians.
B) They established a permanent colony in Brunei.
C) They permanently conquered Brunei.
D) They temporarily seized Brunei's capital.
  • 100. Who was executed during the Tondo Conspiracy of 1587–1588?
A) Rajah Salalila
B) Agustín de Legazpi
C) Magat Salamat
D) Lakan Dula
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