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Philippine history - Test
Contributed by: McLoughlin
  • 1. The history of the Philippines is a rich tapestry of diverse cultures, colonial influences, and struggles for independence. From ancient civilizations like the Majapahit Empire to the Spanish colonization and the subsequent American occupation, the Filipino people have endured various challenges and triumphs. The fight for independence led by national heroes like Jose Rizal and Andres Bonifacio culminated in the declaration of independence in 1898. The Philippines has since evolved into a vibrant nation with a unique blend of traditions, languages, and customs. Despite its tumultuous past, the Philippines continues to thrive as a resilient and dynamic country in Southeast Asia.

    When did the Philippines gain independence from Spanish colonization?
A) July 4, 1946
B) September 21, 1972
C) June 12, 1898
D) December 7, 1941
  • 2. Which Philippine president declared martial law in 1972?
A) Ferdinand Marcos
B) Corazon Aquino
C) Ramon Magsaysay
D) Benigno Aquino Jr.
  • 3. Who was the leader of the Katipunan, a secret society that fought for Philippine independence?
A) Emilio Aguinaldo
B) Manuel L. Quezon
C) Jose Rizal
D) Andres Bonifacio
  • 4. Who was the first President of the Philippines?
A) Emilio Aguinaldo
B) Carlos P. Garcia
C) Manuel L. Quezon
D) Sergio Osmena
  • 5. Who was the first Filipino saint?
A) Gregorio del Pilar
B) Pedro Calungsod
C) Ramon Magsaysay
D) Lorenzo Ruiz
  • 6. Which event led to the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1898, signaling the end of the Spanish-American War?
A) The Siege of Baler
B) The Cry of Pugad Lawin
C) The execution of Jose Rizal
D) The Battle of Manila Bay
  • 7. Which Philippine president was known as the 'Greatest President of the Commonwealth Period'?
A) Sergio Osmena
B) Emilio Aguinaldo
C) Benigno Aquino Jr.
D) Manuel L. Quezon
  • 8. Which American general led the US forces that captured Emilio Aguinaldo?
A) Dwight D. Eisenhower
B) Frederick Funston
C) George S. Patton
D) Douglas MacArthur
  • 9. What was the name of the first Philippine constitution?
A) Mabini Constitution
B) Malolos Constitution
C) Quezon Constitution
D) Aguinaldo Constitution
  • 10. Who was the leader of the Filipino Muslims who led armed resistance against the Spanish colonial government?
A) Datu Lapu-Lapu
B) Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
C) Sultan Kudarat
D) Lapu-Lapu
  • 11. Which Philippine president was assassinated at the Manila International Airport in 1983?
A) Benigno Aquino Jr.
B) Ramon Magsaysay
C) Fidel V. Ramos
D) Joseph Estrada
  • 12. In what year did the Philippines declare its independence from the United States?
A) 1946
B) 1935
C) 1952
D) 1962
  • 13. Which Filipino hero was known as the 'Sublime Paralytic'?
A) Emilio Aguinaldo
B) Jose Rizal
C) Apolinario Mabini
D) Andres Bonifacio
  • 14. Which US president granted the Philippines independence on July 4, 1946?
A) Dwight D. Eisenhower
B) Harry S. Truman
C) John F. Kennedy
D) Franklin D. Roosevelt
  • 15. When was the EDSA People Power Revolution?
A) 2001
B) 1992
C) 1986
D) 1972
  • 16. Which Philippine president was known as the 'Asian Diplomat'?
A) Manuel Roxas
B) Sergio Osmena
C) Carlos P. Garcia
D) Elpidio Quirino
  • 17. Where did the Battle of Tirad Pass, where Gregorio del Pilar died, take place?
A) Cavite
B) Bataan
C) Batangas
D) Ilocos Sur
  • 18. Who was the first Filipino cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church?
A) Jaime Sin
B) Luis Antonio Tagle
C) Orlando Quevedo
D) Rufino Jiao Santos
  • 19. In what year did the Philippines host the Miss Universe pageant for the first time?
A) 1997
B) 1969
C) 1981
D) 1974
  • 20. Which American governor-general ordered the establishment of the University of the Philippines?
A) Theodore Roosevelt
B) Harry S. Truman
C) William Howard Taft
D) Woodrow Wilson
  • 21. When did the earliest hominin activity occur in the Philippines?
A) At least by 709,000 years ago
B) In the first millennium CE
C) By 47,000 years ago
D) Around 3000 BCE
  • 22. Which species of archaic humans was present on Luzon by 134,000 years ago?
A) Neanderthals
B) Denisovans
C) Homo sapiens
D) Homo luzonensis
  • 23. Where were the earliest known anatomically modern humans in the Philippines found?
A) Callao Cave
B) Tabon Caves in Palawan
C) Cagayan
D) Rizal, Kalinga
  • 24. Which groups were the first to settle in prehistoric Philippines?
A) Austronesians
B) Hanunoo
C) Negrito groups
D) Malayo-Polynesians
  • 25. From where did Austronesian-speaking peoples migrate to the Philippines around 3000 BCE?
A) Japan
B) India
C) China
D) Taiwan
  • 26. Which cultures were linked to Austronesians before their expansion out of Taiwan?
A) Dapenkeng and Majiabang only
B) Liangzhu and Majiabang only
C) Hemudu, Liangzhu, and Dapenkeng
D) Majiabang and Hemudu only
  • 27. What is the most widely accepted theory of Austronesian migration?
A) The 'Out-of-India' model
B) The 'Out-of-Japan' model
C) : The 'Out-of-Taiwan' model
D) The 'Out-of-China' model
  • 28. Which cultures share common cultural markers with Austronesians?
A) European settlers
B) Indian subcontinent cultures only
C) Han Chinese and Japanese
D) Taiwanese indigenous peoples, Islander Southeast Asians, Chams, Islander Melanesians, Micronesians, Polynesians, and the Malagasy people
  • 29. What distinct kinds of peoples developed in the Philippines by 1000 BCE?
A) Only tribal groups and harbor principalities
B) Only tribal groups and warrior societies
C) Only harbor principalities and petty plutocracy
D) Tribal groups, warrior societies, petty plutocracy, and harbor principalities
  • 30. When did early metallurgy reach the Philippine archipelagos?
A) Around 300–700 CE
B) During Spanish colonial rule
C) By 1000 BCE via trade with India
D) In the first millennium CE
  • 31. Which religions influenced the seafaring peoples of the Philippines between 300–700 CE?
A) Confucianism and Taoism
B) Buddhism and Hinduism
C) Islam and Christianity
D) Shintoism and Animism
  • 32. Which city was the first permanent Spanish settlement established in?
A) Manila
B) Cebu
C) Davao
D) Zamboanga
  • 33. What was established by the United States to rule the Philippines after 1898?
A) The Insular Government
B) Direct rule by the U.S. Congress
C) The Philippine Commonwealth
D) The Viceroyalty of New Spain
  • 34. What did the Jones Act promise for the Philippines?
A) Full integration into the U.S. as a state
B) Independence
C) Continued colonial rule
D) Permanent annexation to the United States
  • 35. When was the Philippine Commonwealth established?
A) In 1946
B) In 1935
C) In 1898
D) In 1907
  • 36. Which country occupied the Philippines during World War II?
A) Germany
B) Japan
C) Italy
D) The United States
  • 37. Where was the Sa Huỳnh culture primarily centered?
A) Palawan, Philippines
B) Present-day Vietnam
C) Taiwan
D) Central Thailand
  • 38. What is the Maitum anthropomorphic pottery dated to?
A) 1000–1200 CE
B) 500–700 CE
C) Around 200 CE
D) 400 BCE–1500 CE
  • 39. In what script was the Laguna Copperplate Inscription written?
A) Latin script
B) Kawi script
C) Baybayin script
D) Arabic script
  • 40. What culture influenced Manila Bay during the time of the Laguna Copperplate Inscription?
A) Arab
B) Chinese
C) Greek and Roman
D) Hindu–Old Malay amalgamation
  • 41. Which Arab chronicler wrote about the military competition between Muja and Mayd with the Chinese Empire?
A) Abu al-Fida
B) Ibn Battuta
C) Al-Masudi
D) Al Ya'akubi
  • 42. Who was appointed by the Yongle Emperor to oversee trade in Tondo?
A) Macao
B) Ko Ch'a-lao
C) Zheng He
D) Li Bo
  • 43. What was the outcome of the Castilian War for the Spanish?
A) They permanently conquered Brunei.
B) They established a permanent colony in Brunei.
C) They lost to the Bruneians.
D) They temporarily seized Brunei's capital.
  • 44. What year did Kumintang become a Spanish town?
A) 1581
B) 1599
C) 1605
D) 1576
  • 45. From which place did the founders of the Sultanate of Sulu arrive?
A) Malacca
B) Butuan Rajahnate
C) Johore, Malaysia
D) Brunei
  • 46. Pulilu was politically connected to which nation at the Calamianes?
A) Ma-i
B) Madja-as
C) Brunei
D) Sandao
  • 47. Which river bisected the fortified polity of Cainta?
A) The Pasig River
B) The Lingayen Gulf
C) The Marikina River
D) The Calumpang River
  • 48. What larger country was Sandao a vassal-state to?
A) Madja-as
B) Ma-i
C) Pulilu
D) Srivijaya
  • 49. Which Philippine kingdom regained independence after Brunei's invasion?
A) Manila.
B) Iloilo.
C) Sulu.
D) Cebu.
  • 50. Which present-day location corresponds to the ancient Jiamayan?
A) Davao
B) Cebu
C) Zamboanga
D) Calamian
  • 51. What name was given to the confederation of polities established by Datu Puti and his followers?
A) Madja-as
B) Sandao
C) Pulilu
D) Ma-i
  • 52. What was the time period during which Ma-i is recorded in Song dynasty history?
A) 1000–1200
B) Before 971 – after 1339
C) 1300–1500
D) 900–1100
  • 53. Who founded the Kingdom of Cebu?
A) Rajah Humabon
B) Rajah Sri Bata Shaja
C) Datu Lapulapu
D) Sri Lumay, also known as Rajamuda Lumaya
  • 54. What evidence supports the existence of the Rajahnate of Butuan?
A) The Laguna Copperplate Inscription
B) The Maynila Stone
C) The Cebu Stone Inscription
D) The Butuan Silver Paleograph
  • 55. What type of weapons were encountered in naval battles in Pangasinan?
A) Chinese crossbows
B) Indian war elephants
C) Japanese-style gunpowder weapons
D) European longbows
  • 56. Who ruled the maritime societies in precolonial Philippines?
A) Emperors and queens
B) Military generals
C) Datus, wangs, rajahs, sultans or lakans
D) Elected officials
  • 57. What was unique about the Sultanate system in Lanao compared to Sulu and Maguindanao?
A) It was centralized under one ruler.
B) It did not follow Islamic principles.
C) It had no royal houses.
D) It was uniquely decentralized.
  • 58. Which language is classified as a Southern Visayan language in the Sulu state?
A) Cham
B) Yakan
C) Tausug
D) Malay
  • 59. Who are the ancestors of the local Yakan people?
A) The Orang Dampuans
B) Visayan migrants
C) Hindu Sulu
D) Buranuns
  • 60. Which class did the Lakan belong to in ancient Tagalog society?
A) Datu
B) Alipin
C) Maharlika
D) Timawa
  • 61. Which river was the polity of Kumintang located around?
A) Pasig River
B) Calumpang River
C) Lingayen Gulf
D) Marikina River
  • 62. What did the datus in Panay and other Visayan islands do after returning from Borneo?
A) Joined forces with Rajah Makatunaw
B) Established a new confederation
C) Returned to their original homeland
D) Founded various towns
  • 63. What was a primary trade good from Pangasinan in exchange for Japanese and Chinese goods?
A) Gold
B) Porcelain
C) Silk
D) Spices
  • 64. What was Pangasinan known for in Chinese records during the early 15th century?
A) Its salt-making industry.
B) Shipbuilding techniques.
C) Ceramic production.
D) Gold mining operations.
  • 65. From which island did Datu Puti and his followers purchase land?
A) Panay
B) Mindoro
C) Samar
D) Borneo
  • 66. What artifact with Kawi script was found in Butuan?
A) A bronze statue
B) A stone tablet
C) A wooden carving
D) An Ivory seal
  • 67. Who ruled the Chieftaincy of Coron Island?
A) Spanish missionaries
B) Tagbanua warriors
C) Datus
D) Rajahs
  • 68. Who was Datu Macatunao also known as, according to Rev. Fr. Santaren?
A) Datu Puti
B) Labaodungon
C) Paybare
D) Rajah Makatunaw
  • 69. What type of ware did Japan import from Luzon?
A) Mishima ware
B) Ceramic tiles
C) Bronze ware
D) Porcelain ware
  • 70. Who was the paramount ruler of Tondo during the 1500s?
A) Lakan
B) Datu
C) Sultan
D) Rajah
  • 71. Who was the Negrito chieftain that sold Panay to Datu Puti and his followers?
A) Puti
B) Paybare
C) Marikudo
D) Makatunaw
  • 72. What does the term Singhapala translate to?
A) Rice City
B) Lion City
C) Golden City
D) Trade City
  • 73. Who was the customs inspector that wrote about Sandao in Chinese annals?
A) Fu Xi
B) Li Bai
C) Chao Jukua
D) Zheng He
  • 74. Which city did the Lucoes help defend against Burmese invaders in 1547?
A) Siam
B) Manila
C) Malacca
D) Ayuthaya
  • 75. During which centuries did Namayan reach its peak?
A) 13th–16th centuries
B) 15th–18th centuries
C) 9th–12th centuries
D) 11th–14th centuries
  • 76. During which years did the Pi-sho-ye conduct raids on southern China?
A) 1100–1125
B) 1200–1225
C) 1150–1180
D) 1174–1190
  • 77. Who introduced Islam to Mindanao?
A) Shariff Mohammed Kabungsuwan
B) Rajah Baguinda
C) Karim ul' Makdum
D) Shari'ful Hashem Syed Abu Bakr
  • 78. Which kingdom sent emissaries to China as a tributary-state between 1406 and 1411?
A) Kumintang
B) Cainta
C) Namayan
D) Pangasinan
  • 79. Who did Sultan Bolkiah marry to expand Brunei's influence in Luzon and Mindanao?
A) Puteri Laila Menchanai
B) Rajah Salalila
C) Laila Menchanai
D) Sultan Sulayman
  • 80. Which dynasty's products were traded by Tondo and Maynila?
A) Tang Dynasty
B) Song Dynasty
C) Han Dynasty
D) Ming Dynasty
  • 81. Which historian identified the pre-Islamic Bruneian Buddhist kingdom of Vijayapura?
A) Efren B. Isorena
B) Chao Ju-Kua
C) Antonio Pigafetta
D) Robert Nicholl
  • 82. Which inscription provides the earliest historical record of Tondo and other local polities?
A) The Laguna Copperplate Inscription
B) The Cebu Stone Inscription
C) The Maynila Stone Inscription
D) The Butuan Ivory Seal
  • 83. In which Chinese historical document is Pulilu mentioned?
A) Zhufan zhi
B) Shiji
C) Zizhi Tongjian
D) Yijing
  • 84. Who led the ten exiled datus that migrated to the central islands of the Philippines?
A) Rajah Makatunaw
B) Labaodungon
C) Datu Puti
D) Sang Aji
  • 85. Who were the Pi-sho-ye raids most likely conducted by, according to Efren B. Isorena?
A) People of Ibabao
B) Chinese merchants
C) Srivijayan warriors
D) Visayans from the Visayas islands
  • 86. Which Japanese merchant changed his surname to Luzon?
A) Tokugawa Ieyasu
B) Luzon Sukezaemon
C) Toyotomi Hideyoshi
D) Miyamoto Musashi
  • 87. Which country recognized the Kingdom of Cebu diplomatically?
A) Thailand (Siam)
B) India
C) China
D) Malaysia
  • 88. Which polity did Chinese historical accounts refer to as 'Luzon'?
A) Maynila
B) Maguindanao
C) Butuan
D) Cebu
  • 89. Which Prehispanic polity was centered at Polillo, Quezon?
A) Pulilu
B) Sandao
C) Madja-as
D) Ma-i
  • 90. When is the Calatagan pot with baybayin inscription dated to?
A) Mid 15th century
B) Not later than early 16th century
C) Early 18th century
D) Late 17th century
  • 91. How did the Spaniards refer to the people of Tondo?
A) Conquistadors
B) Encomenderos
C) Hidalgos
D) Caciques
  • 92. Which document marks the start of significant written records in the late 16th century?
A) Laguna Copperplate Inscription
B) Sulu Sultanate Charter
C) Baybayin Manuscript
D) Doctrina Christiana
  • 93. What was Sanmalan known for in Chinese records?
A) A colony under Spanish rule in the 1600s.
B) The birthplace of the first Filipino king.
C) A precolonial Philippine kingdom on what is now Zamboanga.
D) A major trading hub during the 1500s.
  • 94. Who represented Sanmalan at the Chinese imperial court in 982?
A) A group of local traders.
B) Chinese envoys.
C) Rajah Chulan himself.
D) Ambassador Ali Bakti.
  • 95. Where did Labaodungon and his wife, Ojaytanayon, settle after their return?
A) Odtojan
B) Samar
C) Panay
D) Moroboro
  • 96. What cultural practice did the locals in Pangasinan share with other maritime Southeast Asian ethnic groups?
A) Blackening their teeth.
B) Wearing iron armors.
C) Practicing ancestor worship.
D) Building wooden palaces.
  • 97. Who was executed during the Tondo Conspiracy of 1587–1588?
A) Agustín de Legazpi
B) Magat Salamat
C) Lakan Dula
D) Rajah Salalila
  • 98. Which civilization was the ancestral homeland of the Visayans according to Robert Nicholl?
A) Srivijaya Empire
B) Brunei
C) Funan Civilization
D) Madja-as
  • 99. Which Sultanate was subjugated by Brunei to the south?
A) Maguindanao
B) Sulu
C) Kutai
D) Lanao
  • 100. Who was the legendary ruler associated with Kumintang?
A) A Spanish governor
B) King Kamayin
C) Chao Ju-kua
D) Gat Pulintan
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