- 1. What is the term that most closely corresponds to "creed" in Islamic theology?
A) Arkān
B) Fiqh
C) ʿaqīdah
D) Iman
- 2. To whom is the text Al-Fiqh Al-Akbar ascribed?
A) Abū Ḥanīfa
B) Milton Steinberg
C) Maimonides
D) Al-Ash'ari
- 3. Which creed is considered representative of the al-Ash'ari?
A) Fiqh Akbar III
B) Al-Fiqh Al-Akbar
C) Fiqh Akbar II
D) The Centenary Platform
- 4. How many pillars of faith make up the arkān al-īmān?
A) Thirteen
B) Three
C) Five
D) Six
- 5. Which individual wrote that Judaism is averse to formal creeds?
A) Maimonides
B) Abū Ḥanīfa
C) Milton Steinberg
D) The American Unitarian Association
- 6. What is the title of the book in which Milton Steinberg asserted that Judaism never arrived at a creed?
A) The Centenary Platform
B) 13 Principles of Faith
C) Al-Fiqh Al-Akbar
D) Basic Judaism
- 7. What did the 1976 Centenary Platform state that Judaism emphasizes instead of creed?
A) Formal theology
B) Action
C) Predestination
D) Dogma
- 8. Who drew up the 13 Principles of Faith?
A) Abū Ḥanīfa
B) The Central Conference of American Rabbis
C) Maimonides
D) Milton Steinberg
- 9. In what year did the National Conference of the American Unitarian Association pass a resolution to become non-creedal?
A) 1894
B) 1994
C) 1976
D) 1947
- 10. Which organization was formed by the merger of Unitarians and the Universalist Church of America?
A) Unitarian Universalist Association
B) The Assembly of Creeds
C) National Conference of the American Unitarian Association
D) Central Conference of American Rabbis
- 11. Which of the following is NOT one of the six pillars of faith in Islam?
A) Belief in God
B) Belief in Angels
C) Belief in Divine Books
D) Belief in religious leaders
- 12. The UUA abides by a set of principles that includes a "free and responsible search for..."
A) truth and meaning
B) faith and creed
C) God and judgment
D) heaven and hell
- 13. What is the Islamic term for a believer's religious faith?
A) Arkān
B) Fiqh
C) ʿaqīdah
D) Iman
- 14. Which group's creed is represented by Fiqh Akbar III?
A) Abū Ḥanīfa
B) Ash-Shafi'i
C) Al-Ash'ari
D) Unitarians
- 15. What source of inspiration is NOT explicitly cited by the UUA in the text?
A) Humanism
B) Christianity
C) Buddhism
D) Judaism
- 16. Which biblical passage contains an early creed regarding Jesus' death and resurrection?
A) The Nicene Creed
B) The Apostles' Creed
C) Matthew 28:19
D) 1 Corinthians 15:3–7
- 17. How soon after Jesus' death do most scholars believe the 1 Corinthians creed originated?
A) Fifty years
B) Within five years
C) Ten years
D) Twenty years
- 18. The Old Roman Creed is an earlier and shorter version of which creed?
A) Apostles' Creed
B) Tridentine Creed
C) Nicene Creed
D) Chalcedonian Creed
- 19. What structural pattern did the baptismal declaration of faith follow by the 4th century?
A) Tripartite
B) Quadripartite
C) Bipartite
D) Unitary
- 20. Which Council's concerns are reflected in the Nicene Creed?
A) First Council of Nicaea
B) Council of Trent
C) Council of Chalcedon
D) Council of Rome
- 21. In what year was the Chalcedonian Creed adopted?
A) 1968
B) 325
C) 451
D) 1565
- 22. The Chalcedonian Creed states that Christ is acknowledged in how many natures?
A) Two
B) Four
C) One
D) Three
- 23. Which creed is the first to explicitly state the equality of the three persons of the Trinity?
A) Athanasian Creed
B) Tridentine Creed
C) Nicene Creed
D) Apostles' Creed
- 24. What does the Athanasian Creed include that differs from the Nicene and Apostles' Creeds?
A) Liturgical music
B) Baptismal vows
C) Scriptural references
D) Anathemas
- 25. The Tridentine Creed was issued by which Pope?
A) Pope Paul VI
B) Pope Francis
C) Pope John Paul II
D) Pope Pius IV
- 26. The Tridentine Creed summarizes the teaching of which council?
A) Council of Nicaea
B) Council of Rome
C) Council of Trent
D) Council of Chalcedon
- 27. The Maasai Creed was composed in which decade?
A) 1940s
B) 1960s
C) 1950s
D) 1970s
- 28. The Maasai Creed was composed in collaboration with missionaries from which group?
A) Congregation of the Holy Ghost
B) The Roman Church
C) The Apostles
D) The Council of Trent
- 29. Who published the Credo of the People of God?
A) Pope Pius IV
B) The Council of Nicaea
C) The Maasai people
D) Pope Paul VI
- 30. The Credo of the People of God repeats in substance the creed of which location?
A) Trent
B) Nicea
C) Chalcedon
D) Rome
- 31. From which language is the word 'creed' anglicized?
A) Latin
B) Hebrew
C) Aramaic
D) Greek
- 32. What does the Latin word 'credo' mean?
A) Holy truth
B) We follow
C) God is one
D) I believe
- 33. What is the literal meaning of the Islamic term ʿaqīdah?
A) Eternal law
B) Submission
C) Path of light
D) Bond or tie
- 34. What was the earliest known creed in Christianity?
A) The Trinity Creed
B) The Apostles' Creed
C) The Nicene Creed
D) Jesus is Lord
- 35. In what year was the Nicene Creed first formulated?
A) 300 AD
B) 325 AD
C) 381 AD
D) 431 AD
- 36. The Nicene Creed was historically purposed against which doctrine?
A) Arianism
B) Nestorianism
C) Gnosticism
D) Pelagianism
- 37. The term 'symbol' for a creed is derived from which Greek word meaning 'token' or 'watchword'?
A) Logos
B) Kyrios
C) Symbolum
D) Symbolon
- 38. What term is often preferred in Evangelical Protestantism instead of 'creed'?
A) Symbol of faith
B) Canonical decree
C) Doctrinal statement
D) Religious mandate
- 39. What document clarified the doctrine of Christ in 431?
A) Apostles' Creed
B) First London Baptist Confession
C) Chalcedonian Definition
D) Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed
- 40. What fundamentalist movement may include positions on Bible translations in their doctrinal statements?
A) Nicene Orthodoxy
B) King James Only
C) Baptist Reformers
D) Evangelical Alliance
- 41. Which term describes Christian denominations that do not profess a creed?
A) Fundamentalism
B) Secularism
C) Non-creedalism
D) Traditionalism
- 42. Which movement originated in the 16th century Radical Reformation and often uses the phrase 'No creed, but the Bible'?
A) The Quakers
B) The Restoration Movement
C) The Seventh-day Adventists
D) Anabaptism
- 43. Which of these is mentioned as an existing Anabaptist group?
A) Presbyterians
B) Methodists
C) Hutterites
D) Baptists
- 44. Which group contrasts 'memorizing or repeating creeds' with 'doing what Jesus said'?
A) The Bruderhof
B) The Amish
C) Jehovah's Witnesses
D) The Church of the Brethren
- 45. Who composed the Articles of Faith used by the Latter Day Saint movement?
A) Joseph Smith
B) John Wentworth
C) King James
D) Martin Luther
- 46. To whom was the letter containing the Articles of Faith sent in 1842?
A) Joseph Smith
B) The Pope
C) John Wentworth
D) The King of England
- 47. Which reformer drew up the Sixty-seven Articles in 1523?
A) John Knox
B) Martin Luther
C) Zwingli
D) Guido de Bres
- 48. The Augsburg Confession of 1530 was the work of Martin Luther and which other person?
A) Guido de Bres
B) John Knox
C) Philip Melanchthon
D) Huldrych Zwingli
- 49. In what year was the Scots Confession drawn up by John Knox?
A) 1523
B) 1560
C) 1559
D) 1530
- 50. Who drew up the Belgic Confession in 1561?
A) Philip Melanchthon
B) Guido de Bres
C) John Knox
D) Martin Luther
- 51. The Westminster Confession of Faith was created in which year?
A) 1647
B) 1562
C) 1611
D) 1689
- 52. The Savoy Declaration of 1658 was a modification of which confession to suit Congregationalist polity?
A) Belgic Confession
B) Westminster Confession
C) Augsburg Confession
D) Gallic Confession
- 53. Which confession marked the breach with Rome in 1530?
A) Augsburg Confession
B) Scots Confession
C) Helwys Confession
D) Irish Articles
- 54. What happened in the Swiss Reformed Churches regarding the Apostles' Creed in the mid-19th century?
A) It was strictly mandated everywhere
B) It was translated into Latin
C) It was renamed the Helvetic Creed
D) A quarrel occurred
- 55. According to Bishop John Shelby Spong, treating creeds as the final definition of God is what?
A) Enlightenment
B) Theological accuracy
C) Idolatry
D) Essential
- 56. Which confession belongs to the German Reformed Church and dates to 1530?
A) Gallic Confession
B) Tetrapolitan Confession
C) Formula of Concord
D) Smalcald Articles
- 57. What are Protestant confessions of faith usually compared to?
A) Biblical translations
B) Liturgical music
C) Creeds
D) Secular laws
- 58. The Assemblies of God Statement of Fundamental Truths was published in which year?
A) 1968
B) 1870
C) 1916
D) 1833
- 59. The Chicago-Lambeth Quadrilateral was associated with which communion in 1870?
A) Methodist
B) Presbyterian
C) Baptist
D) Anglican
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