A) 500 cubic kilometres B) 1,000 cubic kilometres C) 2,000 cubic kilometres D) 100 cubic kilometres
A) Gas-poor, iron-rich magma B) Low-viscosity mafic magma C) Water-rich, basaltic magma D) Gas-rich, silicic magma
A) Decrease in local vegetation B) Creation of a new mountain range C) Formation of a flood basalt field D) Emptying of a large magma chamber
A) Ten B) Zero C) Four D) Sixty
A) Release of sulfur and ash into the atmosphere B) Increase in oceanic water volume C) Destruction of forests worldwide D) Absorption of sunlight by lava flows
A) Yellowstone Caldera B) Mount Fuji C) Mount Saint Helens D) Mount Kilimanjaro
A) Their ash disappears after a few years B) Concealment under vegetation and glacial deposits C) They are always located in the deep ocean D) They are too small to be noticed
A) A collapsed crater B) A submarine vent C) A layer of cooled lava D) A type of volcanic ash
A) Silicic basins B) Pillow lakes C) Volcanogenic lakes D) Submarine basins
A) One million B) 119 C) Sixty D) Four
A) About 5,000 B) Under 100 C) More than one million D) Exactly 119
A) Tremendous weight of the water B) Low pressure at the sea floor C) Presence of pillow lava D) Rapid cooling of the water
A) Ash flow tuffs B) Basaltic flood plains C) Silicic glass D) Pillow lava
A) Tropical fish B) Chemotrophs C) Large coral colonies D) Photosynthetic algae
A) Migration of whales B) A major earthquake in the deep ocean C) Formation of a submarine volcano off Mayotte D) Industrial activity on the ocean floor
A) Visible light from the surface B) Monitoring of continental drift C) Satellite imagery D) Hydrophones and water discoloration
A) Rapid cooling and water buoyancy B) The volcanoes are too small C) The water is too shallow D) Lack of volcanic gases
A) Mauna Loa B) Mount Etna C) Lake Toba D) Vesuvius
A) Ten B) Eight C) Sixteen D) Twenty
A) Convection B) Sublimation C) Evaporation D) Radiation
A) Extinct B) Polygenetic C) Divergent D) Monogenetic
A) In the middle of continental plates B) In the atmosphere C) At the North Pole D) Along plate boundaries
A) It is destroyed B) It turns into gas C) It remains unchanged D) It is created
A) It is created B) It is destroyed C) It disappears D) It melts instantly
A) Tectonic chimneys B) Magma chambers C) Black smokers D) Volcanic arcs
A) Hawaii B) Japan C) Iceland D) Indonesia
A) Convection B) Divergence C) Expansion D) Subduction
A) Adiabatic cooling B) Flux melting C) Decompression melting D) Radioactive decay
A) High silica content B) Low viscosity C) Low silica content D) High iron content
A) Mid-ocean ridges B) Hotspots C) Volcanic arcs D) Lithospheric plates
A) Mantle plumes B) Divergent plates C) Black smokers D) Subduction
A) Hawaiian Islands B) Japanese archipelago C) Cascade volcanoes D) Icelandic ridge
A) Icelandic plate B) North American plate C) Pacific plate D) Indonesian plate
A) It becomes inactive B) It moves with the plume C) It erupts more frequently D) It grows larger
A) It is no longer studied B) It is universally accepted as fact C) It has been proven false D) It has been questioned
A) Underwater B) On high mountain peaks C) In the center of continents D) Near the North and South Poles
A) Stable B) Divergent C) Transform D) Convergent
A) Transform B) Divergent C) Hotspot D) Convergent
A) Divergent plate boundary B) Transform faulting C) Intraplate volcanism D) Convergent subduction
A) They cool the troposphere B) They heat the troposphere C) They remove all oxygen D) They increase sunlight penetration
A) A Greek mountain deity B) An ancient term for fire C) The Roman god Vulcan D) The Latin word for mountain
A) Seismology B) Volcanology C) Tectonics D) Geology
A) Cryovolcanism B) Only continental volcanoes C) Only atmospheric gas releases D) Only molten rock eruptions
A) Jupiter B) Venus C) Mercury D) Saturn
A) Oceanic trenches B) Subduction C) Tectonic folding D) Rifting
A) Flood basalts B) Mountain building C) Deep ocean trenches D) Tidal waves
A) Fissure vent B) Aulacogen C) Cryovolcano D) Shield volcano
A) Olympus Mons B) East African Rift C) Kīlauea D) Lake Taupō
A) A crater B) A fissure C) A plateau D) A conduit
A) A summit crater B) A cryovolcano C) A massive plateau D) A smaller cone on a flank
A) Surface gas emission B) Low temperatures C) Magmatic activity D) Vent activity
A) Highly explosive B) Catastrophic C) High viscosity D) Non-explosive
A) Olympus Mons B) Kīlauea C) Lake Taupō D) Puʻu ʻŌʻō
A) Composite volcanoes B) Cinder cones C) Shield volcanoes D) Dome volcanoes
A) Mount St. Helens B) Mount Fuji C) Parícutin D) Lassen Peak
A) 500 to 1,000 metres B) 5 to 10 metres C) 1,000 to 5,000 metres D) 30 to 400 metres
A) Dome volcanoes B) Cryptodomes C) Maar craters D) Composite volcanoes
A) 45–60° B) 30–35° C) 5–10° D) 10–20°
A) Tokyo B) Mexico City C) Saint-Pierre D) Naples
A) Underneath ice caps B) Inside tectonic plates C) On oceanic ridges D) At the bottom of deep oceans
A) Tuyas B) Cinder cones C) Shield volcanoes D) Stratovolcanoes
A) Tuya Valley B) Tuya Butte C) Tuya Island D) Tuya Glacier
A) Southern Alberta B) Northern British Columbia C) Central Yukon D) Western Ontario
A) Hot springs B) Solfataras C) Geysers D) Mud pools
A) Steam B) Liquid mud C) Molten rock D) Solid tephra
A) Palagonite B) Pillow lava C) Tephra D) Slurry
A) Magmatic gases B) Tectonic shifting C) Surface water weight D) Steam pressure
A) Lassen Peak B) Mauna Loa C) Novarupta D) Kilauea
A) Tuff B) Ignimbrites C) Basalt D) Obsidian
A) 850 °C B) 100 °C C) 500 °C D) 1,200 °C
A) 52–63% B) Greater than 63% C) 45–52% D) Less than 45%
A) Flood basalts B) Stratovolcanoes C) Lava domes D) Shield volcanoes
A) Block lava B) Obsidian C) ʻAʻa D) Pāhoehoe
A) Intermediate B) Felsic C) Ultramafic D) Basaltic
A) Rhyolites B) Dacites C) Ignimbrites D) Komatiites
A) Tuff B) Basalt C) Pāhoehoe D) Obsidian
A) 5 mm B) 2 mm C) 1 mm D) 10 mm
A) Lava flows B) Magma deposits C) Sedimentary rock D) Volcaniclastics
A) Dissection B) Effusion C) Crystallization D) Decompression
A) Pressure buildup B) Erosion C) Tectonic uplift D) Magmatic flow
A) Mount Kaimon B) Cinder Hill C) Devils Tower D) Mount Vesuvius
A) 10,652 B) 1,214 C) 168 D) 1,113
A) Vulcanian B) Plinian C) Ultra-Plinian D) Hawaiian-type
A) Scoria B) Rhyolitic lava C) Country rock D) Pumice
A) Vulcanian B) Plinian C) Hawaiian D) Phreatic
A) Strombolian B) Ultra-Plinian C) Hawaiian D) Peléan
A) Pliny the Elder B) The Smithsonian Institution C) Vulcano D) Pliny the Younger
A) Ultra-Plinian B) Vulcanian C) Peléan D) Strombolian
A) Devils Tower B) Cinder Hill C) Mount Pelée D) Mount Kaimon
A) Saturated B) Dormant C) Submerged D) Volatile
A) Only for extinct volcanoes B) Yes C) No D) Only for active volcanoes
A) As a random variable B) As a three-step process C) As a graduated spectrum D) As a fixed binary state
A) No B) Only for extinct volcanoes C) Yes D) Only for erupting volcanoes
A) Explosive B) Extinct C) Shielded D) Composite
A) Legally defined globally B) Strictly standardized C) Universally agreed upon D) Not entirely uniform
A) Decreased volcanic gas emissions. B) Ground inflation. C) Increased vegetation growth. D) Cooling surface temperatures.
A) Taftan. B) Pinatubo. C) Chaitén. D) Mount Edgecumbe.
A) Government funding for research. B) Better disaster preparation. C) Decreased awareness. D) Increased seismic monitoring.
A) Yellowstone. B) Taftan. C) Pinatubo. D) Soufrière Hills.
A) In 1991. B) In 79 CE. C) Before 8000 BCE. D) In 1995. |