A) 95% B) 5% C) 100% D) 50%
A) Movement protein B) Coat protein C) RNA polymerase D) Proteinase
A) Proteinase B) Coat protein C) Replicase D) Movement protein
A) Tymoviridae B) Bromoviridae C) Caulimoviridae D) Potyviridae
A) 5 B) 3 C) 2 D) 1
A) 45% B) 15% C) 95% D) 5%
A) Lipase B) Amylase C) Replicase D) Proteinase
A) Vector attraction B) Symptom suppression C) Genome packaging D) Cell wall degradation
A) 5 B) 1 C) 3 D) 6
A) P25 B) P31 C) P237 D) P26
A) P25 B) P14 C) P31 D) P21
A) Tobacco mosaic virus B) Cauliflower mosaic virus C) Tulip breaking virus D) Brome mosaic virus
A) P237 promoter B) 17S promoter C) 35S promoter D) P21 promoter
A) Bromoviridae kit B) BNYVV-express C) Tulip breaking vector D) magnICON
A) Symptom expression B) Coat protein C) Vector transmission D) Protein cleavage
A) TMV, potato viruses and cucumber mosaic viruses B) Rhabdoviridae C) Tobacco ringspot virus D) Beet necrotic yellow vein virus
A) Bacteria B) Leafhoppers C) Fungi D) Zoosporic protozoa
A) The soil composition B) The plant's height C) The type of root system D) The chosen insect vector
A) The haemolymph B) The salivary glands C) The distal tip of the stylet D) The foregut
A) Tobacco rattle virus B) Beet necrotic yellow vein virus C) Rhabdoviridae D) Tobacco ringspot virus
A) The foregut of the insect B) The salivary glands C) The haemolymph D) The stylet tip
A) Symbionin B) Coat protein C) Helper component D) Lipid envelope
A) They do not replicate in insects B) They are only found in nematodes C) They only replicate in the plant root D) They replicate in both the plant and the insect
A) Binding to the coat protein and insect mouthparts B) Protecting the virus from symbionin C) Creating a lipid envelope D) Replicating inside the insect cell
A) Attaching to leaves B) Feeding on infected roots C) Replicating within the nematode gut D) Infecting the insect vector
A) No evidence exists B) Only circulative ones C) Only propagative ones D) Yes, always
A) Wounds in the root B) A protein bridge C) A lipid envelope D) A stylet attachment
A) It allows replication in nematodes B) It surrounds the proteins and is not seen in other classes C) It is produced by bacterial symbionts D) It is used for non-persistent transmission
A) Propagative, circulative, and dormant B) Non-persistent, semi-persistent, and persistent C) Sap, insect, and nematode-borne D) Root, leaf, and stem-borne
A) Electron microscope B) Light microscope C) Phase-contrast microscope D) Fluorescence microscope
A) Through enzymatic mediation B) Through external heating C) Spontaneously D) Via host ribosomes
A) Icosahedral B) Spherical C) Gemini-shaped D) Rod-shaped
A) 60–80 nm B) 15–20 nm C) 25–50 nm D) 5–10 nm
A) Isometric particles B) Filamentous particles C) Geminiviridae particles D) Rod-shaped particles
A) 100–200 nm B) 25–50 nm C) 15–20 nm D) 300–500 nm
A) 15 T B) 100 T C) 30 T D) 60 T
A) Spiral B) Rod-shaped C) Icosahedral D) Cubical
A) A large sphere with a tail B) Two isometric particles stuck together C) A triple-layered disc D) A single long rod
A) Budding off from the cell B) Genome replication C) Spontaneous disc stacking D) Protein subunit assembly
A) Symbiotic microorganisms B) Autotrophic organisms C) Obligate intracellular parasites D) Facultative extracellular parasites
A) Xylem vessels B) Root hairs C) Stomata D) Plasmodesmata
A) T-cells B) Cellular lysosomes C) siRNA D) Antibodies
A) Wendell Stanley B) A. Mayer C) Martinus Beijerinck D) F.O. Holmes
A) Contagium vivum fluidum B) Filterable bacteria C) Obligate parasite D) Microbial toxin
A) F.O. Holmes B) Wendell Stanley C) Martinus Beijerinck D) A. Mayer
A) Through airborne transmission only B) Through self-locomotion C) Via direct sexual reproduction D) By vectors like insects
A) Leguminosae B) Orchidaceae C) Pinaceae D) Cactaceae
A) Extra chlorophyll B) Toxic proteins C) Membranous structures D) Thick cell walls
A) Bacterial cultures B) Human lung cells C) Yeast models D) Computer simulations only
A) 5% B) 75% C) 10% D) 65%
A) 10% B) 75% C) 65% D) 5%
A) 50-100 B) 1-3 C) 4-10 D) 15-20
A) 7MeGpppU B) 7MeGpppT C) 7MeGpppN D) 7MeGpppC
A) Methyltransferase B) Reverse transcriptase C) Endonuclease D) Polymerase
A) Host transfer RNA B) Viral ribosomal RNA C) Host DNA D) Capped host mRNA
A) Reverse transcriptase B) Methyltransferase C) Ligase D) Endonuclease
A) Cap-independent translation enhancers B) Host initiation factors C) A poly-A tail D) A ribozyme
A) 75% B) 17% C) 25% D) 3%
A) Three-quarters B) Half C) A quarter D) One-tenth
A) Three-quarters B) Half C) A quarter D) Ten percent
A) Guanine or cytosine B) Adenine or guanine C) Uracil or adenine D) Cytosine or thymine |