- 1. In 'Polio: An American Story,' David M. Oshinsky takes readers on a gripping journey through the history and socio-political ramifications of one of America's most feared diseases during the 20th century. The narrative unfolds with vivid descriptions of the widespread panic caused by polio outbreaks, particularly during the summers when swimming pools were often abandoned and children were kept indoors for fear of infection. Oshinsky meticulously details the impact of polio on American culture, capturing the devastating effects on families as they dealt with the consequences of paralysis and disability. He highlights the tireless efforts of researchers and medical professionals, including the groundbreaking work of Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin, who sought to develop effective vaccines. The book also delves into the role of public health campaigns and the changing perceptions of disease and disability, offering insight into how society's views evolved with the advent of vaccinations. With a blend of personal stories, historical context, and scientific exploration, Oshinsky's work not only chronicles the fight against polio but also serves as a reflection on the triumphs and challenges of modern medicine and public health.
What is the primary virus responsible for polio?
A) Poliovirus
B) HIV
C) Influenza virus
D) Rhinovirus
- 2. In which year did the first polio vaccine trials take place?
A) 1965
B) 1960
C) 1945
D) 1954
- 3. Who developed the inactivated polio vaccine?
A) Edward Jenner
B) Albert Sabin
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Jonas Salk
- 4. What year was the oral polio vaccine introduced?
A) 1965
B) 1954
C) 1958
D) 1961
- 5. Which country was the last to report polio cases in the Americas?
A) Brazil
B) Colombia
C) Argentina
D) Peru
- 6. How is poliovirus primarily transmitted?
A) Animal bites
B) Surface contact
C) Airborne droplets
D) Fecal-oral route
- 7. What does IPV stand for?
A) Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine
B) Intravenous Polio Vaccine
C) Immediate Vaccination Protocol
D) Infectious Poliovirus Variant
- 8. What type of virus is poliovirus?
A) Herpesvirus
B) Rhabdovirus
C) Retrovirus
D) Enterovirus
- 9. In what year was polio declared eradicated in the Americas?
A) 1994
B) 2000
C) 1990
D) 1988
- 10. What is a key strategy to eliminate polio today?
A) Education
B) Nutritional support
C) Vaccination
D) Sanitation improvements
- 11. What does the poliovirus affect when it leads to paralysis?
A) Interneurons
B) Cognitive functions
C) Motor neurons
D) Sensory neurons
- 12. What does OPV stand for?
A) Overseas Polio Vaccine
B) Outbreak Prevention Vaccine
C) Optimized Polio Vaccine
D) Oral Polio Vaccine
- 13. Polio primarily attacks which part of the body?
A) Circulatory system
B) Nervous system
C) Digestive system
D) Respiratory system
- 14. In which year was the first polio vaccine introduced?
A) 1955
B) 1945
C) 1965
D) 1975
- 15. In which decade did the polio epidemic peak in the United States?
A) 1950s
B) 1960s
C) 1970s
D) 1940s
- 16. What is a common long-term effect of polio?
A) Lifelong immunity
B) Diabetes
C) Chronic fatigue syndrome
D) Post-polio syndrome
- 17. What historical event is closely tied to the polio vaccine's development?
A) The Tuskegee Study
B) The World Health Assembly
C) The March of Dimes
D) The Manhattan Project
- 18. What global initiative was launched to eradicate polio?
A) International Vaccination Program
B) Global Polio Eradication Initiative
C) Universal Health Initiative
D) World Health Campaign
- 19. Polio primarily affects which age group?
A) Adults over 60
B) Children under 5
C) Adolescents aged 10-15
D) Elderly over 75
- 20. What year did the last case of wild poliovirus occur in the U.S.?
A) 1985
B) 1990
C) 1960
D) 1979
- 21. What geographical area remains a challenge for polio eradication efforts?
A) Australia
B) Europe
C) North America
D) Afghanistan and Pakistan
- 22. How did polio affect Franklin D. Roosevelt's political career?
A) It increased his empathy and connection with the public
B) It made him less popular
C) It caused him to resign early
D) It limited his ability to travel
- 23. What is a common consequence of polio infection?
A) Paralysis
B) Meningitis
C) Respiratory failure
D) Measles
- 24. What year did the World Health Organization launch the Global Polio Eradication Initiative?
A) 2008
B) 1978
C) 1998
D) 1988
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