- 1. In 'Polio: An American Story,' David M. Oshinsky takes readers on a gripping journey through the history and socio-political ramifications of one of America's most feared diseases during the 20th century. The narrative unfolds with vivid descriptions of the widespread panic caused by polio outbreaks, particularly during the summers when swimming pools were often abandoned and children were kept indoors for fear of infection. Oshinsky meticulously details the impact of polio on American culture, capturing the devastating effects on families as they dealt with the consequences of paralysis and disability. He highlights the tireless efforts of researchers and medical professionals, including the groundbreaking work of Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin, who sought to develop effective vaccines. The book also delves into the role of public health campaigns and the changing perceptions of disease and disability, offering insight into how society's views evolved with the advent of vaccinations. With a blend of personal stories, historical context, and scientific exploration, Oshinsky's work not only chronicles the fight against polio but also serves as a reflection on the triumphs and challenges of modern medicine and public health.
What is the primary virus responsible for polio?
A) HIV
B) Rhinovirus
C) Poliovirus
D) Influenza virus
- 2. In which year did the first polio vaccine trials take place?
A) 1954
B) 1945
C) 1965
D) 1960
- 3. Who developed the inactivated polio vaccine?
A) Jonas Salk
B) Edward Jenner
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Albert Sabin
- 4. What year was the oral polio vaccine introduced?
A) 1961
B) 1954
C) 1965
D) 1958
- 5. Which country was the last to report polio cases in the Americas?
A) Colombia
B) Peru
C) Argentina
D) Brazil
- 6. How is poliovirus primarily transmitted?
A) Surface contact
B) Animal bites
C) Fecal-oral route
D) Airborne droplets
- 7. What does IPV stand for?
A) Infectious Poliovirus Variant
B) Intravenous Polio Vaccine
C) Immediate Vaccination Protocol
D) Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine
- 8. What type of virus is poliovirus?
A) Rhabdovirus
B) Herpesvirus
C) Retrovirus
D) Enterovirus
- 9. In what year was polio declared eradicated in the Americas?
A) 1990
B) 2000
C) 1988
D) 1994
- 10. What is a key strategy to eliminate polio today?
A) Education
B) Sanitation improvements
C) Vaccination
D) Nutritional support
- 11. What does the poliovirus affect when it leads to paralysis?
A) Cognitive functions
B) Motor neurons
C) Sensory neurons
D) Interneurons
- 12. What does OPV stand for?
A) Oral Polio Vaccine
B) Outbreak Prevention Vaccine
C) Overseas Polio Vaccine
D) Optimized Polio Vaccine
- 13. Polio primarily attacks which part of the body?
A) Nervous system
B) Circulatory system
C) Respiratory system
D) Digestive system
- 14. In which year was the first polio vaccine introduced?
A) 1945
B) 1965
C) 1975
D) 1955
- 15. In which decade did the polio epidemic peak in the United States?
A) 1960s
B) 1940s
C) 1950s
D) 1970s
- 16. What is a common long-term effect of polio?
A) Diabetes
B) Lifelong immunity
C) Post-polio syndrome
D) Chronic fatigue syndrome
- 17. What historical event is closely tied to the polio vaccine's development?
A) The Tuskegee Study
B) The March of Dimes
C) The Manhattan Project
D) The World Health Assembly
- 18. What global initiative was launched to eradicate polio?
A) International Vaccination Program
B) World Health Campaign
C) Global Polio Eradication Initiative
D) Universal Health Initiative
- 19. Polio primarily affects which age group?
A) Elderly over 75
B) Adolescents aged 10-15
C) Adults over 60
D) Children under 5
- 20. What year did the last case of wild poliovirus occur in the U.S.?
A) 1990
B) 1960
C) 1985
D) 1979
- 21. What geographical area remains a challenge for polio eradication efforts?
A) North America
B) Europe
C) Australia
D) Afghanistan and Pakistan
- 22. How did polio affect Franklin D. Roosevelt's political career?
A) It caused him to resign early
B) It increased his empathy and connection with the public
C) It made him less popular
D) It limited his ability to travel
- 23. What is a common consequence of polio infection?
A) Measles
B) Paralysis
C) Respiratory failure
D) Meningitis
- 24. What year did the World Health Organization launch the Global Polio Eradication Initiative?
A) 2008
B) 1988
C) 1998
D) 1978
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