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JDCPRE 2nd sem prelim
Contributed by: Sh
  • 1. A child or young person treated differently by the legal system due to immaturity is called:
A) Adult offender
B) Minor criminal
C) Juvenile
D) Delinquent
  • 2. Behavior violating criminal law committed by a person under 18 is called:
A) Crime
B) Delinquency
C) Misconduct
D) Deviance
  • 3. A child without parents or guardians and dependent on public support is called:
A) Disabled child
B) Abandoned child
C) Neglected child
D) Dependent child
  • 4. A child who has no parental care for at least six continuous months is known as:
A) Dependent child
B) Neglected child
C) Abandoned child
D) Disabled child
  • 5. A child whose basic needs are deliberately unattended is called:
A) Disabled child
B) Juvenile offender
C) Dependent child
D) Neglected child
  • 6. A court-appointed person who protects the best interests of the child is:
A) Judge
B) Guardian Ad Litem
C) Social worker
D) Prosecutor
  • 7. A child accused or adjudged of committing an offense is called:
A) Status offender
B) Child in conflict with the law
C) Youthful offender
D) Child at risk
  • 8. The mental capacity to understand right from wrong is called:
A) Responsibility
B) Discernment
C) Judgment
D) Awareness
  • 9. Acts that are illegal only when committed by minors are known as:
A) Status offenses
B) Criminal offenses
C) Status offenses
D) Public crimes
  • 10. The first institution for juvenile offenders in the United States established in 1825 was called:
A) Youth detention center
B) Marine Society
C) Juvenile reform center
D) House of Refuge
  • 11. The Marine Society of England was established in:
A) 1704
B) 1825
C) 1756
D) 1776
  • 12. The Code of Hammurabi was created around:
A) 1800 B.C.
B) 2270 B.C.
C) 2500 B.C.
D) 1500 B.C.
  • 13. Under Anglo-Saxon law, children under this age were presumed innocent:
A) 7
B) 5
C) 6
D) 10
  • 14. The stage of delinquency involving petty larceny (8–12 years old) is:
A) Explosion
B) Exploration
C) Emergence
D) Conflagration
  • 15. Shoplifting and vandalism are common in which stage?
A) Exploration
B) Emergence
C) Conflagration
D) Explosion
  • 16. The stage characterized by a significant increase in variety and seriousness of crimes is:
A) Exploration
B) Emergence
C) Conflagration
D) Explosion
  • 17. The stage where four or more types of crimes are added is called:
A) Explosion
B) Exploration
C) Conflagration
D) Conflagration
  • 18. The theory that evil spirits cause people to commit crimes is called:
A) Positivist theory
B) Classical theory
C) Psychological theory
D) Demonological theory
  • 19. The classical theory of crime was developed by:
A) Beccaria and Bentham
B) Lombroso and Ferri
C) Freud and Jung
D) Durkheim and Marx
  • 20. The positivist theory was mainly associated with:
A) Travis Hirschi
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Cesare Lombroso
D) Edwin Sutherland
  • 21. The theory stating that criminal behavior is learned through social interaction is:
A) Control theory
B) Strain theory
C) Differential association theory
D) Labeling theory
  • 22. The theory that strong social bonds prevent delinquency was proposed by:
A) Edwin Lemert
B) Albert Cohen
C) Robert Merton
D) Travis Hirschi
  • 23. The theory that frustration leads to aggression is called:
A) Frustration-aggression theory
B) Strain theory
C) Social control theory
D) Labeling theory
  • 24. The theory stating that crime results from inequality between goals and means is:
A) Differential association theory
B) Control theory
C) Strain theory
D) Labeling theory
  • 25. The sociologist who explained that calling a child delinquent encourages delinquent behavior was:
A) Edwin Schur
B) Travis Hirschi
C) Howard Becker
D) Frank Tannenbaum
  • 26. The theory distinguishing between primary and secondary deviation was developed by:
A) George Vold
B) Austin Turk
C) Albert Cohen
D) Edwin Lemert
  • 27. According to research, which child is more likely to become delinquent?
A) First-born
B) Middle child
C) Only child
D) Youngest child
  • 28. One of the strongest predictors of delinquency in children is:
A) School grades
B) Parental rejection
C) Religion
D) Family wealth
  • 29. According to Hirschi's theory, delinquency decreases when there is strong:
A) Financial support
B) Social bond
C) Educational pressure
D) Family conflict
  • 30. The pathway that begins with stubborn behavior and progresses to authority avoidance is called:
A) Authority-conflict pathway
B) Covert pathway
C) Overt pathway
D) Social pathway
  • 31. The pathway that starts with minor underhanded behavior and develops into serious criminal acts is:
A) Covert pathway
B) Authority-conflict pathway
C) Aggression pathway
D) Overt pathway
  • 32. The pathway characterized by aggression leading to violent acts is:
A) Social pathway
B) Overt pathway
C) Authority pathway
D) Covert pathway
  • 33. Delinquents who are aggressive, rejected, and often abandoned belong to:
A) Group delinquency
B) Over-inhibited delinquency
C) Socialized delinquency
D) Unsocialized aggression
  • 34. Delinquency committed by members of groups encouraging criminal acts is called:
A) Socialized delinquency
B) Maladjusted delinquency
C) Unsocialized aggression
D) Individual delinquency
  • 35. Delinquents secretly trained to perform illegal activities are classified as:
A) Maladjusted delinquents
B) Over-inhibited delinquents
C) Gang delinquents
D) Occasional delinquents
  • 36. Delinquents who participate in criminal acts occasionally and are influenced by peers are called:
A) Maladjusted delinquents
B) Chronic offenders
C) Occasional delinquents
D) Gang delinquents
  • 37. Delinquents who often commit serious offenses as part of organized groups are:
A) Occasional delinquents
B) Status offenders
C) Maladjusted delinquents
D) Gang delinquents
  • 38. Delinquents whose criminal behavior is due to personality disturbances are:
A) Status offenders
B) Gang delinquents
C) Maladjusted delinquents
D) Occasional delinquents
  • 39. A gang is best described as:
A) A disorganized gathering
B) An organized social group with leadership and territory
C) A temporary group of friends
D) A school organization
  • 40. The theory that delinquency develops because of disorganized communities was proposed by:
A) Freud and Jung
B) Merton and Agnew
C) Lombroso and Ferri
D) Shaw and McKay
  • 41. The sociologist who studied gang formation and development was:
A) Travis Hirschi
B) Albert Cohen
C) Edwin Lemert
D) Frederick Thrasher
  • 42. The theory explaining that lower-class youths create subcultures due to status frustration was developed by:
A) William Sheldon
B) Edwin Sutherland
C) Travis Hirschi
D) Albert Cohen
  • 43. The theory stating that crime occurs when legitimate opportunities are blocked was developed by:
A) Lombroso and Garofalo
B) Freud and Jung
C) Becker and Lemert
D) Cloward and Ohlin
  • 44. The theory that delinquency is natural and must be controlled through socialization was proposed by:
A) Travis Hirschi
B) Edwin Lemert
C) Ivan Nye
D) Robert Merton
  • 45. The theory explaining how juveniles justify delinquent acts was developed by:
A) Hirschi and Nye
B) Sykes and Matza
C) Lombroso and Ferri
D) Becker and Lemert
  • 46. Saying "It is not my fault" is an example of which technique of neutralization?
A) Denial of responsibility
B) Condemnation of condemners
C) Appeal to higher authority
D) Denial of victim
  • 47. The theory stating that law represents the interests of powerful groups was influenced by:
A) Karl Marx
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Cesare Lombroso
D) Travis Hirschi
  • 48. The theory explaining conflict between crime norms and conduct norms was developed by:
A) Thorsten Sellin
B) George Vold
C) William Bonger
D) Austin Turk
  • 49. Large families may increase delinquency due to:
A) Excessive discipline
B) Lack of supervision
C) Strong parental bonding
D) Increased education
  • 50. Poor marital adjustment in parents may lead to:
A) Academic success
B) Financial stability
C) Child delinquency
D) Strong discipline
  • 51. Teenage pregnancy often results in:
A) Increased education
B) Social isolation and economic strain
C) Strong family structure
D) Financial stability
  • 52. Which of the following is an example of a status offense?
A) Murder
B) Truancy
C) Assault
D) Robbery
  • 53. Running away from home by a minor is classified as:
A) Status offense
B) Violent offense
C) Criminal offense
D) Public offense
  • 54. The legal principle stating that the state acts as the parent of a child is called:
A) Social control
B) Discernment doctrine
C) Parens patriae
D) Restorative justice
  • 55. The legal principle suggesting that mothers should have custody of children during early years is:
A) Child welfare doctrine
B) Tender years rule
C) Social bond theory
D) Parens patriae
  • 56. A government facility that physically restricts a child while awaiting court decision is called:
A) Rehabilitation center
B) Child welfare office
C) Youth shelter
D) Youth detention center
  • 57. The theory stating that criminals are born with physical abnormalities was proposed by:
A) Edwin Sutherland
B) Albert Cohen
C) Travis Hirschi
D) Cesare Lombroso
  • 58. The theory suggesting body type influences criminal behavior was proposed by:
A) Ernest Hooton
B) Robert Merton
C) William Sheldon
D) Sigmund Freud
  • 59. According to Sheldon, the body type most likely to commit crimes is:
A) Somatomorph
B) Mesomorph
C) Endomorph
D) Ectomorph
  • 60. The psychoanalytic theory of personality was developed by:
A) Durkheim
B) Becker
C) Lombroso
D) Freud
  • 61. The part of personality representing instinctive drives is:
A) Ego
B) Conscience
C) Id
D) Superego
  • 62. The part of personality responsible for rational thinking is:
A) Superego
B) Id
C) Ego
D) Instinct
  • 63. The moral component of personality is called:
A) Ego
B) Id
C) Superego
D) Instinct
  • 64. The concept of anomie refers to:
A) Breakdown of social norms
B) Strong social control
C) Strong family bonds
D) Moral behavior
  • 65. The sociologist who developed the concept of anomie was:
A) Albert Cohen
B) Emile Durkheim
C) Edwin Sutherland
D) Travis Hirschi
  • 66. The idea that deviance becomes part of a person's identity is called:
A) Master status
B) Differential association
C) Anomie
D) Social bond
  • 67. The sociologist associated with the concept of master status is:
A) Edwin Lemert
B) Robert Merton
C) Frank Tannenbaum
D) Howard Becker
  • 68. The theory that laws are created by powerful groups to control weaker groups was proposed by:
A) Albert Cohen
B) George Vold
C) Edwin Lemert
D) Travis Hirschi
  • 69. The theory stating that capitalism encourages crime was proposed by:
A) Austin Turk
B) Thorsten Sellin
C) William Bonger
D) Frederick Thrasher
  • 70. Strong family cohesiveness generally results in:
A) Weak discipline
B) Reduced delinquency
C) Increased conflict
D) Increased delinquency
  • 71. Parents of chronic delinquents often lack:
A) Education
B) Employment
C) Parenting skills
D) Religious beliefs
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