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JDCPRE 2nd sem prelim
Contributed by: Sh
  • 1. A child or young person treated differently by the legal system due to immaturity is called:
A) Juvenile
B) Delinquent
C) Minor criminal
D) Adult offender
  • 2. Behavior violating criminal law committed by a person under 18 is called:
A) Crime
B) Delinquency
C) Deviance
D) Misconduct
  • 3. A child without parents or guardians and dependent on public support is called:
A) Disabled child
B) Dependent child
C) Abandoned child
D) Neglected child
  • 4. A child who has no parental care for at least six continuous months is known as:
A) Disabled child
B) Dependent child
C) Neglected child
D) Abandoned child
  • 5. A child whose basic needs are deliberately unattended is called:
A) Disabled child
B) Dependent child
C) Neglected child
D) Juvenile offender
  • 6. A court-appointed person who protects the best interests of the child is:
A) Guardian Ad Litem
B) Social worker
C) Prosecutor
D) Judge
  • 7. A child accused or adjudged of committing an offense is called:
A) Child at risk
B) Child in conflict with the law
C) Status offender
D) Youthful offender
  • 8. The mental capacity to understand right from wrong is called:
A) Discernment
B) Responsibility
C) Awareness
D) Judgment
  • 9. Acts that are illegal only when committed by minors are known as:
A) Criminal offenses
B) Public crimes
C) Status offenses
D) Status offenses
  • 10. The first institution for juvenile offenders in the United States established in 1825 was called:
A) Juvenile reform center
B) House of Refuge
C) Marine Society
D) Youth detention center
  • 11. The Marine Society of England was established in:
A) 1756
B) 1776
C) 1704
D) 1825
  • 12. The Code of Hammurabi was created around:
A) 2500 B.C.
B) 2270 B.C.
C) 1500 B.C.
D) 1800 B.C.
  • 13. Under Anglo-Saxon law, children under this age were presumed innocent:
A) 6
B) 7
C) 10
D) 5
  • 14. The stage of delinquency involving petty larceny (8–12 years old) is:
A) Emergence
B) Exploration
C) Conflagration
D) Explosion
  • 15. Shoplifting and vandalism are common in which stage?
A) Explosion
B) Conflagration
C) Exploration
D) Emergence
  • 16. The stage characterized by a significant increase in variety and seriousness of crimes is:
A) Emergence
B) Exploration
C) Explosion
D) Conflagration
  • 17. The stage where four or more types of crimes are added is called:
A) Exploration
B) Conflagration
C) Explosion
D) Conflagration
  • 18. The theory that evil spirits cause people to commit crimes is called:
A) Psychological theory
B) Demonological theory
C) Positivist theory
D) Classical theory
  • 19. The classical theory of crime was developed by:
A) Lombroso and Ferri
B) Durkheim and Marx
C) Beccaria and Bentham
D) Freud and Jung
  • 20. The positivist theory was mainly associated with:
A) Cesare Lombroso
B) Edwin Sutherland
C) Travis Hirschi
D) Sigmund Freud
  • 21. The theory stating that criminal behavior is learned through social interaction is:
A) Labeling theory
B) Control theory
C) Strain theory
D) Differential association theory
  • 22. The theory that strong social bonds prevent delinquency was proposed by:
A) Travis Hirschi
B) Edwin Lemert
C) Albert Cohen
D) Robert Merton
  • 23. The theory that frustration leads to aggression is called:
A) Strain theory
B) Frustration-aggression theory
C) Labeling theory
D) Social control theory
  • 24. The theory stating that crime results from inequality between goals and means is:
A) Control theory
B) Labeling theory
C) Strain theory
D) Differential association theory
  • 25. The sociologist who explained that calling a child delinquent encourages delinquent behavior was:
A) Howard Becker
B) Travis Hirschi
C) Frank Tannenbaum
D) Edwin Schur
  • 26. The theory distinguishing between primary and secondary deviation was developed by:
A) Albert Cohen
B) Austin Turk
C) Edwin Lemert
D) George Vold
  • 27. According to research, which child is more likely to become delinquent?
A) First-born
B) Only child
C) Middle child
D) Youngest child
  • 28. One of the strongest predictors of delinquency in children is:
A) Family wealth
B) Parental rejection
C) School grades
D) Religion
  • 29. According to Hirschi's theory, delinquency decreases when there is strong:
A) Social bond
B) Financial support
C) Educational pressure
D) Family conflict
  • 30. The pathway that begins with stubborn behavior and progresses to authority avoidance is called:
A) Covert pathway
B) Social pathway
C) Overt pathway
D) Authority-conflict pathway
  • 31. The pathway that starts with minor underhanded behavior and develops into serious criminal acts is:
A) Aggression pathway
B) Overt pathway
C) Authority-conflict pathway
D) Covert pathway
  • 32. The pathway characterized by aggression leading to violent acts is:
A) Overt pathway
B) Social pathway
C) Covert pathway
D) Authority pathway
  • 33. Delinquents who are aggressive, rejected, and often abandoned belong to:
A) Group delinquency
B) Unsocialized aggression
C) Over-inhibited delinquency
D) Socialized delinquency
  • 34. Delinquency committed by members of groups encouraging criminal acts is called:
A) Socialized delinquency
B) Maladjusted delinquency
C) Unsocialized aggression
D) Individual delinquency
  • 35. Delinquents secretly trained to perform illegal activities are classified as:
A) Gang delinquents
B) Occasional delinquents
C) Maladjusted delinquents
D) Over-inhibited delinquents
  • 36. Delinquents who participate in criminal acts occasionally and are influenced by peers are called:
A) Occasional delinquents
B) Maladjusted delinquents
C) Gang delinquents
D) Chronic offenders
  • 37. Delinquents who often commit serious offenses as part of organized groups are:
A) Occasional delinquents
B) Gang delinquents
C) Maladjusted delinquents
D) Status offenders
  • 38. Delinquents whose criminal behavior is due to personality disturbances are:
A) Maladjusted delinquents
B) Status offenders
C) Gang delinquents
D) Occasional delinquents
  • 39. A gang is best described as:
A) A school organization
B) An organized social group with leadership and territory
C) A temporary group of friends
D) A disorganized gathering
  • 40. The theory that delinquency develops because of disorganized communities was proposed by:
A) Freud and Jung
B) Shaw and McKay
C) Merton and Agnew
D) Lombroso and Ferri
  • 41. The sociologist who studied gang formation and development was:
A) Travis Hirschi
B) Edwin Lemert
C) Albert Cohen
D) Frederick Thrasher
  • 42. The theory explaining that lower-class youths create subcultures due to status frustration was developed by:
A) Travis Hirschi
B) Albert Cohen
C) Edwin Sutherland
D) William Sheldon
  • 43. The theory stating that crime occurs when legitimate opportunities are blocked was developed by:
A) Lombroso and Garofalo
B) Becker and Lemert
C) Cloward and Ohlin
D) Freud and Jung
  • 44. The theory that delinquency is natural and must be controlled through socialization was proposed by:
A) Ivan Nye
B) Edwin Lemert
C) Robert Merton
D) Travis Hirschi
  • 45. The theory explaining how juveniles justify delinquent acts was developed by:
A) Hirschi and Nye
B) Becker and Lemert
C) Sykes and Matza
D) Lombroso and Ferri
  • 46. Saying "It is not my fault" is an example of which technique of neutralization?
A) Denial of victim
B) Appeal to higher authority
C) Denial of responsibility
D) Condemnation of condemners
  • 47. The theory stating that law represents the interests of powerful groups was influenced by:
A) Cesare Lombroso
B) Travis Hirschi
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Karl Marx
  • 48. The theory explaining conflict between crime norms and conduct norms was developed by:
A) George Vold
B) Austin Turk
C) Thorsten Sellin
D) William Bonger
  • 49. Large families may increase delinquency due to:
A) Increased education
B) Strong parental bonding
C) Lack of supervision
D) Excessive discipline
  • 50. Poor marital adjustment in parents may lead to:
A) Child delinquency
B) Strong discipline
C) Financial stability
D) Academic success
  • 51. Teenage pregnancy often results in:
A) Strong family structure
B) Social isolation and economic strain
C) Increased education
D) Financial stability
  • 52. Which of the following is an example of a status offense?
A) Murder
B) Assault
C) Robbery
D) Truancy
  • 53. Running away from home by a minor is classified as:
A) Violent offense
B) Public offense
C) Status offense
D) Criminal offense
  • 54. The legal principle stating that the state acts as the parent of a child is called:
A) Social control
B) Discernment doctrine
C) Restorative justice
D) Parens patriae
  • 55. The legal principle suggesting that mothers should have custody of children during early years is:
A) Social bond theory
B) Tender years rule
C) Child welfare doctrine
D) Parens patriae
  • 56. A government facility that physically restricts a child while awaiting court decision is called:
A) Youth shelter
B) Rehabilitation center
C) Child welfare office
D) Youth detention center
  • 57. The theory stating that criminals are born with physical abnormalities was proposed by:
A) Travis Hirschi
B) Edwin Sutherland
C) Albert Cohen
D) Cesare Lombroso
  • 58. The theory suggesting body type influences criminal behavior was proposed by:
A) Robert Merton
B) Sigmund Freud
C) William Sheldon
D) Ernest Hooton
  • 59. According to Sheldon, the body type most likely to commit crimes is:
A) Ectomorph
B) Endomorph
C) Somatomorph
D) Mesomorph
  • 60. The psychoanalytic theory of personality was developed by:
A) Freud
B) Lombroso
C) Durkheim
D) Becker
  • 61. The part of personality representing instinctive drives is:
A) Ego
B) Id
C) Conscience
D) Superego
  • 62. The part of personality responsible for rational thinking is:
A) Id
B) Superego
C) Ego
D) Instinct
  • 63. The moral component of personality is called:
A) Id
B) Superego
C) Instinct
D) Ego
  • 64. The concept of anomie refers to:
A) Strong family bonds
B) Breakdown of social norms
C) Moral behavior
D) Strong social control
  • 65. The sociologist who developed the concept of anomie was:
A) Emile Durkheim
B) Albert Cohen
C) Edwin Sutherland
D) Travis Hirschi
  • 66. The idea that deviance becomes part of a person's identity is called:
A) Anomie
B) Master status
C) Social bond
D) Differential association
  • 67. The sociologist associated with the concept of master status is:
A) Edwin Lemert
B) Frank Tannenbaum
C) Robert Merton
D) Howard Becker
  • 68. The theory that laws are created by powerful groups to control weaker groups was proposed by:
A) George Vold
B) Edwin Lemert
C) Travis Hirschi
D) Albert Cohen
  • 69. The theory stating that capitalism encourages crime was proposed by:
A) Frederick Thrasher
B) Austin Turk
C) William Bonger
D) Thorsten Sellin
  • 70. Strong family cohesiveness generally results in:
A) Increased conflict
B) Reduced delinquency
C) Weak discipline
D) Increased delinquency
  • 71. Parents of chronic delinquents often lack:
A) Parenting skills
B) Employment
C) Religious beliefs
D) Education
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