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JDCPRE 2nd sem prelim
Contributed by: Sh
  • 1. A child or young person treated differently by the legal system due to immaturity is called:
A) Delinquent
B) Adult offender
C) Minor criminal
D) Juvenile
  • 2. Behavior violating criminal law committed by a person under 18 is called:
A) Deviance
B) Misconduct
C) Crime
D) Delinquency
  • 3. A child without parents or guardians and dependent on public support is called:
A) Abandoned child
B) Dependent child
C) Disabled child
D) Neglected child
  • 4. A child who has no parental care for at least six continuous months is known as:
A) Neglected child
B) Dependent child
C) Disabled child
D) Abandoned child
  • 5. A child whose basic needs are deliberately unattended is called:
A) Dependent child
B) Neglected child
C) Disabled child
D) Juvenile offender
  • 6. A court-appointed person who protects the best interests of the child is:
A) Social worker
B) Prosecutor
C) Judge
D) Guardian Ad Litem
  • 7. A child accused or adjudged of committing an offense is called:
A) Child in conflict with the law
B) Youthful offender
C) Child at risk
D) Status offender
  • 8. The mental capacity to understand right from wrong is called:
A) Responsibility
B) Discernment
C) Awareness
D) Judgment
  • 9. Acts that are illegal only when committed by minors are known as:
A) Status offenses
B) Status offenses
C) Criminal offenses
D) Public crimes
  • 10. The first institution for juvenile offenders in the United States established in 1825 was called:
A) Youth detention center
B) House of Refuge
C) Juvenile reform center
D) Marine Society
  • 11. The Marine Society of England was established in:
A) 1825
B) 1756
C) 1776
D) 1704
  • 12. The Code of Hammurabi was created around:
A) 2500 B.C.
B) 1500 B.C.
C) 2270 B.C.
D) 1800 B.C.
  • 13. Under Anglo-Saxon law, children under this age were presumed innocent:
A) 10
B) 6
C) 7
D) 5
  • 14. The stage of delinquency involving petty larceny (8–12 years old) is:
A) Explosion
B) Exploration
C) Emergence
D) Conflagration
  • 15. Shoplifting and vandalism are common in which stage?
A) Conflagration
B) Emergence
C) Explosion
D) Exploration
  • 16. The stage characterized by a significant increase in variety and seriousness of crimes is:
A) Conflagration
B) Exploration
C) Explosion
D) Emergence
  • 17. The stage where four or more types of crimes are added is called:
A) Conflagration
B) Conflagration
C) Exploration
D) Explosion
  • 18. The theory that evil spirits cause people to commit crimes is called:
A) Demonological theory
B) Positivist theory
C) Psychological theory
D) Classical theory
  • 19. The classical theory of crime was developed by:
A) Freud and Jung
B) Durkheim and Marx
C) Beccaria and Bentham
D) Lombroso and Ferri
  • 20. The positivist theory was mainly associated with:
A) Edwin Sutherland
B) Travis Hirschi
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Cesare Lombroso
  • 21. The theory stating that criminal behavior is learned through social interaction is:
A) Differential association theory
B) Control theory
C) Strain theory
D) Labeling theory
  • 22. The theory that strong social bonds prevent delinquency was proposed by:
A) Travis Hirschi
B) Robert Merton
C) Edwin Lemert
D) Albert Cohen
  • 23. The theory that frustration leads to aggression is called:
A) Labeling theory
B) Frustration-aggression theory
C) Social control theory
D) Strain theory
  • 24. The theory stating that crime results from inequality between goals and means is:
A) Strain theory
B) Differential association theory
C) Labeling theory
D) Control theory
  • 25. The sociologist who explained that calling a child delinquent encourages delinquent behavior was:
A) Frank Tannenbaum
B) Howard Becker
C) Edwin Schur
D) Travis Hirschi
  • 26. The theory distinguishing between primary and secondary deviation was developed by:
A) Edwin Lemert
B) Austin Turk
C) George Vold
D) Albert Cohen
  • 27. According to research, which child is more likely to become delinquent?
A) Youngest child
B) First-born
C) Only child
D) Middle child
  • 28. One of the strongest predictors of delinquency in children is:
A) Parental rejection
B) School grades
C) Religion
D) Family wealth
  • 29. According to Hirschi's theory, delinquency decreases when there is strong:
A) Social bond
B) Family conflict
C) Educational pressure
D) Financial support
  • 30. The pathway that begins with stubborn behavior and progresses to authority avoidance is called:
A) Covert pathway
B) Authority-conflict pathway
C) Social pathway
D) Overt pathway
  • 31. The pathway that starts with minor underhanded behavior and develops into serious criminal acts is:
A) Covert pathway
B) Overt pathway
C) Aggression pathway
D) Authority-conflict pathway
  • 32. The pathway characterized by aggression leading to violent acts is:
A) Social pathway
B) Covert pathway
C) Overt pathway
D) Authority pathway
  • 33. Delinquents who are aggressive, rejected, and often abandoned belong to:
A) Socialized delinquency
B) Over-inhibited delinquency
C) Unsocialized aggression
D) Group delinquency
  • 34. Delinquency committed by members of groups encouraging criminal acts is called:
A) Individual delinquency
B) Socialized delinquency
C) Unsocialized aggression
D) Maladjusted delinquency
  • 35. Delinquents secretly trained to perform illegal activities are classified as:
A) Over-inhibited delinquents
B) Gang delinquents
C) Occasional delinquents
D) Maladjusted delinquents
  • 36. Delinquents who participate in criminal acts occasionally and are influenced by peers are called:
A) Occasional delinquents
B) Chronic offenders
C) Maladjusted delinquents
D) Gang delinquents
  • 37. Delinquents who often commit serious offenses as part of organized groups are:
A) Maladjusted delinquents
B) Gang delinquents
C) Status offenders
D) Occasional delinquents
  • 38. Delinquents whose criminal behavior is due to personality disturbances are:
A) Gang delinquents
B) Status offenders
C) Maladjusted delinquents
D) Occasional delinquents
  • 39. A gang is best described as:
A) A school organization
B) A temporary group of friends
C) A disorganized gathering
D) An organized social group with leadership and territory
  • 40. The theory that delinquency develops because of disorganized communities was proposed by:
A) Merton and Agnew
B) Shaw and McKay
C) Freud and Jung
D) Lombroso and Ferri
  • 41. The sociologist who studied gang formation and development was:
A) Albert Cohen
B) Frederick Thrasher
C) Travis Hirschi
D) Edwin Lemert
  • 42. The theory explaining that lower-class youths create subcultures due to status frustration was developed by:
A) Edwin Sutherland
B) William Sheldon
C) Albert Cohen
D) Travis Hirschi
  • 43. The theory stating that crime occurs when legitimate opportunities are blocked was developed by:
A) Becker and Lemert
B) Lombroso and Garofalo
C) Freud and Jung
D) Cloward and Ohlin
  • 44. The theory that delinquency is natural and must be controlled through socialization was proposed by:
A) Edwin Lemert
B) Robert Merton
C) Travis Hirschi
D) Ivan Nye
  • 45. The theory explaining how juveniles justify delinquent acts was developed by:
A) Sykes and Matza
B) Becker and Lemert
C) Hirschi and Nye
D) Lombroso and Ferri
  • 46. Saying "It is not my fault" is an example of which technique of neutralization?
A) Denial of responsibility
B) Appeal to higher authority
C) Denial of victim
D) Condemnation of condemners
  • 47. The theory stating that law represents the interests of powerful groups was influenced by:
A) Karl Marx
B) Cesare Lombroso
C) Travis Hirschi
D) Sigmund Freud
  • 48. The theory explaining conflict between crime norms and conduct norms was developed by:
A) Austin Turk
B) George Vold
C) Thorsten Sellin
D) William Bonger
  • 49. Large families may increase delinquency due to:
A) Lack of supervision
B) Increased education
C) Excessive discipline
D) Strong parental bonding
  • 50. Poor marital adjustment in parents may lead to:
A) Academic success
B) Strong discipline
C) Child delinquency
D) Financial stability
  • 51. Teenage pregnancy often results in:
A) Strong family structure
B) Increased education
C) Social isolation and economic strain
D) Financial stability
  • 52. Which of the following is an example of a status offense?
A) Truancy
B) Robbery
C) Murder
D) Assault
  • 53. Running away from home by a minor is classified as:
A) Criminal offense
B) Status offense
C) Public offense
D) Violent offense
  • 54. The legal principle stating that the state acts as the parent of a child is called:
A) Discernment doctrine
B) Social control
C) Restorative justice
D) Parens patriae
  • 55. The legal principle suggesting that mothers should have custody of children during early years is:
A) Child welfare doctrine
B) Parens patriae
C) Tender years rule
D) Social bond theory
  • 56. A government facility that physically restricts a child while awaiting court decision is called:
A) Child welfare office
B) Youth shelter
C) Youth detention center
D) Rehabilitation center
  • 57. The theory stating that criminals are born with physical abnormalities was proposed by:
A) Travis Hirschi
B) Edwin Sutherland
C) Cesare Lombroso
D) Albert Cohen
  • 58. The theory suggesting body type influences criminal behavior was proposed by:
A) Ernest Hooton
B) William Sheldon
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Robert Merton
  • 59. According to Sheldon, the body type most likely to commit crimes is:
A) Ectomorph
B) Mesomorph
C) Endomorph
D) Somatomorph
  • 60. The psychoanalytic theory of personality was developed by:
A) Becker
B) Durkheim
C) Freud
D) Lombroso
  • 61. The part of personality representing instinctive drives is:
A) Conscience
B) Superego
C) Id
D) Ego
  • 62. The part of personality responsible for rational thinking is:
A) Id
B) Superego
C) Instinct
D) Ego
  • 63. The moral component of personality is called:
A) Id
B) Superego
C) Instinct
D) Ego
  • 64. The concept of anomie refers to:
A) Moral behavior
B) Strong social control
C) Strong family bonds
D) Breakdown of social norms
  • 65. The sociologist who developed the concept of anomie was:
A) Emile Durkheim
B) Albert Cohen
C) Travis Hirschi
D) Edwin Sutherland
  • 66. The idea that deviance becomes part of a person's identity is called:
A) Master status
B) Social bond
C) Anomie
D) Differential association
  • 67. The sociologist associated with the concept of master status is:
A) Howard Becker
B) Frank Tannenbaum
C) Edwin Lemert
D) Robert Merton
  • 68. The theory that laws are created by powerful groups to control weaker groups was proposed by:
A) Travis Hirschi
B) Albert Cohen
C) George Vold
D) Edwin Lemert
  • 69. The theory stating that capitalism encourages crime was proposed by:
A) William Bonger
B) Frederick Thrasher
C) Thorsten Sellin
D) Austin Turk
  • 70. Strong family cohesiveness generally results in:
A) Increased conflict
B) Weak discipline
C) Reduced delinquency
D) Increased delinquency
  • 71. Parents of chronic delinquents often lack:
A) Religious beliefs
B) Education
C) Employment
D) Parenting skills
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