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JDCPRE 2nd sem prelim
Contributed by: Sh
  • 1. A child or young person treated differently by the legal system due to immaturity is called:
A) Delinquent
B) Juvenile
C) Minor criminal
D) Adult offender
  • 2. Behavior violating criminal law committed by a person under 18 is called:
A) Crime
B) Misconduct
C) Delinquency
D) Deviance
  • 3. A child without parents or guardians and dependent on public support is called:
A) Abandoned child
B) Disabled child
C) Neglected child
D) Dependent child
  • 4. A child who has no parental care for at least six continuous months is known as:
A) Dependent child
B) Abandoned child
C) Disabled child
D) Neglected child
  • 5. A child whose basic needs are deliberately unattended is called:
A) Juvenile offender
B) Neglected child
C) Dependent child
D) Disabled child
  • 6. A court-appointed person who protects the best interests of the child is:
A) Guardian Ad Litem
B) Prosecutor
C) Social worker
D) Judge
  • 7. A child accused or adjudged of committing an offense is called:
A) Child at risk
B) Status offender
C) Child in conflict with the law
D) Youthful offender
  • 8. The mental capacity to understand right from wrong is called:
A) Awareness
B) Discernment
C) Judgment
D) Responsibility
  • 9. Acts that are illegal only when committed by minors are known as:
A) Public crimes
B) Criminal offenses
C) Status offenses
D) Status offenses
  • 10. The first institution for juvenile offenders in the United States established in 1825 was called:
A) Marine Society
B) House of Refuge
C) Juvenile reform center
D) Youth detention center
  • 11. The Marine Society of England was established in:
A) 1756
B) 1704
C) 1825
D) 1776
  • 12. The Code of Hammurabi was created around:
A) 2270 B.C.
B) 1500 B.C.
C) 2500 B.C.
D) 1800 B.C.
  • 13. Under Anglo-Saxon law, children under this age were presumed innocent:
A) 7
B) 5
C) 10
D) 6
  • 14. The stage of delinquency involving petty larceny (8–12 years old) is:
A) Conflagration
B) Explosion
C) Exploration
D) Emergence
  • 15. Shoplifting and vandalism are common in which stage?
A) Emergence
B) Conflagration
C) Explosion
D) Exploration
  • 16. The stage characterized by a significant increase in variety and seriousness of crimes is:
A) Emergence
B) Conflagration
C) Explosion
D) Exploration
  • 17. The stage where four or more types of crimes are added is called:
A) Exploration
B) Explosion
C) Conflagration
D) Conflagration
  • 18. The theory that evil spirits cause people to commit crimes is called:
A) Positivist theory
B) Classical theory
C) Demonological theory
D) Psychological theory
  • 19. The classical theory of crime was developed by:
A) Beccaria and Bentham
B) Durkheim and Marx
C) Lombroso and Ferri
D) Freud and Jung
  • 20. The positivist theory was mainly associated with:
A) Sigmund Freud
B) Travis Hirschi
C) Cesare Lombroso
D) Edwin Sutherland
  • 21. The theory stating that criminal behavior is learned through social interaction is:
A) Strain theory
B) Control theory
C) Labeling theory
D) Differential association theory
  • 22. The theory that strong social bonds prevent delinquency was proposed by:
A) Albert Cohen
B) Robert Merton
C) Travis Hirschi
D) Edwin Lemert
  • 23. The theory that frustration leads to aggression is called:
A) Strain theory
B) Frustration-aggression theory
C) Labeling theory
D) Social control theory
  • 24. The theory stating that crime results from inequality between goals and means is:
A) Differential association theory
B) Strain theory
C) Control theory
D) Labeling theory
  • 25. The sociologist who explained that calling a child delinquent encourages delinquent behavior was:
A) Travis Hirschi
B) Edwin Schur
C) Frank Tannenbaum
D) Howard Becker
  • 26. The theory distinguishing between primary and secondary deviation was developed by:
A) Edwin Lemert
B) Albert Cohen
C) George Vold
D) Austin Turk
  • 27. According to research, which child is more likely to become delinquent?
A) First-born
B) Only child
C) Youngest child
D) Middle child
  • 28. One of the strongest predictors of delinquency in children is:
A) Family wealth
B) School grades
C) Religion
D) Parental rejection
  • 29. According to Hirschi's theory, delinquency decreases when there is strong:
A) Educational pressure
B) Financial support
C) Family conflict
D) Social bond
  • 30. The pathway that begins with stubborn behavior and progresses to authority avoidance is called:
A) Overt pathway
B) Social pathway
C) Covert pathway
D) Authority-conflict pathway
  • 31. The pathway that starts with minor underhanded behavior and develops into serious criminal acts is:
A) Authority-conflict pathway
B) Covert pathway
C) Overt pathway
D) Aggression pathway
  • 32. The pathway characterized by aggression leading to violent acts is:
A) Social pathway
B) Authority pathway
C) Covert pathway
D) Overt pathway
  • 33. Delinquents who are aggressive, rejected, and often abandoned belong to:
A) Group delinquency
B) Socialized delinquency
C) Unsocialized aggression
D) Over-inhibited delinquency
  • 34. Delinquency committed by members of groups encouraging criminal acts is called:
A) Maladjusted delinquency
B) Unsocialized aggression
C) Socialized delinquency
D) Individual delinquency
  • 35. Delinquents secretly trained to perform illegal activities are classified as:
A) Maladjusted delinquents
B) Gang delinquents
C) Occasional delinquents
D) Over-inhibited delinquents
  • 36. Delinquents who participate in criminal acts occasionally and are influenced by peers are called:
A) Maladjusted delinquents
B) Chronic offenders
C) Gang delinquents
D) Occasional delinquents
  • 37. Delinquents who often commit serious offenses as part of organized groups are:
A) Gang delinquents
B) Maladjusted delinquents
C) Status offenders
D) Occasional delinquents
  • 38. Delinquents whose criminal behavior is due to personality disturbances are:
A) Status offenders
B) Occasional delinquents
C) Gang delinquents
D) Maladjusted delinquents
  • 39. A gang is best described as:
A) A disorganized gathering
B) An organized social group with leadership and territory
C) A school organization
D) A temporary group of friends
  • 40. The theory that delinquency develops because of disorganized communities was proposed by:
A) Merton and Agnew
B) Shaw and McKay
C) Lombroso and Ferri
D) Freud and Jung
  • 41. The sociologist who studied gang formation and development was:
A) Edwin Lemert
B) Travis Hirschi
C) Frederick Thrasher
D) Albert Cohen
  • 42. The theory explaining that lower-class youths create subcultures due to status frustration was developed by:
A) Edwin Sutherland
B) William Sheldon
C) Travis Hirschi
D) Albert Cohen
  • 43. The theory stating that crime occurs when legitimate opportunities are blocked was developed by:
A) Cloward and Ohlin
B) Lombroso and Garofalo
C) Freud and Jung
D) Becker and Lemert
  • 44. The theory that delinquency is natural and must be controlled through socialization was proposed by:
A) Edwin Lemert
B) Ivan Nye
C) Robert Merton
D) Travis Hirschi
  • 45. The theory explaining how juveniles justify delinquent acts was developed by:
A) Sykes and Matza
B) Hirschi and Nye
C) Lombroso and Ferri
D) Becker and Lemert
  • 46. Saying "It is not my fault" is an example of which technique of neutralization?
A) Denial of victim
B) Denial of responsibility
C) Appeal to higher authority
D) Condemnation of condemners
  • 47. The theory stating that law represents the interests of powerful groups was influenced by:
A) Travis Hirschi
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Karl Marx
D) Cesare Lombroso
  • 48. The theory explaining conflict between crime norms and conduct norms was developed by:
A) George Vold
B) Thorsten Sellin
C) Austin Turk
D) William Bonger
  • 49. Large families may increase delinquency due to:
A) Strong parental bonding
B) Lack of supervision
C) Excessive discipline
D) Increased education
  • 50. Poor marital adjustment in parents may lead to:
A) Strong discipline
B) Child delinquency
C) Academic success
D) Financial stability
  • 51. Teenage pregnancy often results in:
A) Financial stability
B) Social isolation and economic strain
C) Increased education
D) Strong family structure
  • 52. Which of the following is an example of a status offense?
A) Assault
B) Robbery
C) Murder
D) Truancy
  • 53. Running away from home by a minor is classified as:
A) Criminal offense
B) Status offense
C) Violent offense
D) Public offense
  • 54. The legal principle stating that the state acts as the parent of a child is called:
A) Social control
B) Restorative justice
C) Discernment doctrine
D) Parens patriae
  • 55. The legal principle suggesting that mothers should have custody of children during early years is:
A) Tender years rule
B) Child welfare doctrine
C) Social bond theory
D) Parens patriae
  • 56. A government facility that physically restricts a child while awaiting court decision is called:
A) Youth detention center
B) Child welfare office
C) Youth shelter
D) Rehabilitation center
  • 57. The theory stating that criminals are born with physical abnormalities was proposed by:
A) Edwin Sutherland
B) Albert Cohen
C) Cesare Lombroso
D) Travis Hirschi
  • 58. The theory suggesting body type influences criminal behavior was proposed by:
A) Sigmund Freud
B) William Sheldon
C) Robert Merton
D) Ernest Hooton
  • 59. According to Sheldon, the body type most likely to commit crimes is:
A) Endomorph
B) Ectomorph
C) Somatomorph
D) Mesomorph
  • 60. The psychoanalytic theory of personality was developed by:
A) Lombroso
B) Becker
C) Freud
D) Durkheim
  • 61. The part of personality representing instinctive drives is:
A) Conscience
B) Id
C) Superego
D) Ego
  • 62. The part of personality responsible for rational thinking is:
A) Ego
B) Superego
C) Instinct
D) Id
  • 63. The moral component of personality is called:
A) Ego
B) Instinct
C) Id
D) Superego
  • 64. The concept of anomie refers to:
A) Breakdown of social norms
B) Strong social control
C) Strong family bonds
D) Moral behavior
  • 65. The sociologist who developed the concept of anomie was:
A) Travis Hirschi
B) Edwin Sutherland
C) Albert Cohen
D) Emile Durkheim
  • 66. The idea that deviance becomes part of a person's identity is called:
A) Master status
B) Differential association
C) Anomie
D) Social bond
  • 67. The sociologist associated with the concept of master status is:
A) Edwin Lemert
B) Robert Merton
C) Howard Becker
D) Frank Tannenbaum
  • 68. The theory that laws are created by powerful groups to control weaker groups was proposed by:
A) Albert Cohen
B) Travis Hirschi
C) Edwin Lemert
D) George Vold
  • 69. The theory stating that capitalism encourages crime was proposed by:
A) Austin Turk
B) Frederick Thrasher
C) William Bonger
D) Thorsten Sellin
  • 70. Strong family cohesiveness generally results in:
A) Increased delinquency
B) Reduced delinquency
C) Weak discipline
D) Increased conflict
  • 71. Parents of chronic delinquents often lack:
A) Parenting skills
B) Education
C) Religious beliefs
D) Employment
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