- 1. Which logical fallacy involves making a conclusion based on insufficient evidence or without considering all factors?
A) Ad hominem
B) False cause
C) Circular reasoning
D) Hasty generalization
- 2. Which type of reasoning starts with specific premises and moves to a general conclusion?
A) Abductive
B) Deductive
C) Analogical
D) Inductive
- 3. In logic, 'If P then Q' is known as what kind of statement?
A) Conjunction
B) Disjunction
C) Contrapositive
D) Conditional
- 4. Which logical principle concludes that if a statement is true, then its negation is false?
A) Law of non-contradiction
B) Modus tollens
C) Law of excluded middle
D) Law of identity
- 5. The statement 'All birds have wings. A sparrow is a bird. Therefore, a sparrow has wings' is an example of what type of reasoning?
A) Analogical
B) Inductive
C) Deductive
D) Abductive
- 6. What logical principle states that 'either a statement is true or its negation is true'?
A) Law of excluded middle
B) Law of non-contradiction
C) Modus ponens
D) Law of identity
- 7. Which type of reasoning analogizes two similar cases in order to make a conclusion about a new case?
A) Abductive
B) Inductive
C) Deductive
D) Analogical
- 8. What is the logical structure where two premises lead to a conclusion based on them?
A) Fallacy
B) Assertion
C) Syllogism
D) Argument
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