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1973 oil crisis - Quiz
Contributed by: Freeman
  • 1. On how many occasions prior to 1973 had Arab oil-producing countries attempted to use oil as political leverage?
A) One
B) Three
C) Two
D) Four
  • 2. Which pipelines were sabotaged by the Syrians during the 1956 Suez Crisis?
A) Iraq–Baniyas and Suez-Mediterranean
B) Trans-Arabian and Iraq–Baniyas
C) Trans-Arabian and Kuwait-Basra
D) Saudi-Jordan and Trans-Arabian
  • 3. How do most scholars characterize the effectiveness of the 1967 oil embargo?
A) Highly successful
B) Moderately impactful
C) Ineffective
D) Revolutionary
  • 4. Which country was traditionally the strongest supporter of separating oil from politics?
A) Iraq
B) Algeria
C) Saudi Arabia
D) Libya
  • 5. Which countries strongly supported using oil as a weapon in the conflict?
A) Algeria, Iraq and Libya
B) Morocco, Tunisia and Sudan
C) Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Jordan
D) Kuwait, UAE and Qatar
  • 6. Who succeeded Gamal Abdel Nasser as President of Egypt in 1970?
A) Ahmed Zaki Yamani
B) Henry Kissinger
C) Anwar Sadat
D) King Faisal
  • 7. What analogy did Sadat use to describe his diplomatic style?
A) Chess
B) Poker
C) Backgammon
D) Billiards
  • 8. Which alliance was formed between the most populous and wealthiest Arab states?
A) Egypt and Saudi Arabia
B) Libya and Egypt
C) Iraq and Syria
D) Algeria and Saudi Arabia
  • 9. What did Henry Kissinger claim was his main focus during the development of the Egyptian-Saudi alliance?
A) The Cold War tensions with the Soviet Union
B) Domestic economic policy in the United States
C) Trade agreements with European allies
D) The Paris peace talks to end the Vietnam war
  • 10. What signal did Sadat send to the United States in July 1972?
A) He expelled 16,000 Soviet military personnel from Egypt
B) He signed a new military pact with the Soviet Union
C) He requested a loan from the World Bank
D) He declared war on Israel
  • 11. How did Kissinger react to Sadat's expulsion of Soviet personnel in 1972?
A) He dismissed it as a propaganda stunt
B) He expected it as a result of secret negotiations
C) He felt insulted and broke off diplomatic ties
D) He was completely taken by surprise
  • 12. What was the original goal of Sadat's anti-Soviet move in 1972?
A) To increase oil prices globally
B) To establish a monarchy in Egypt
C) To start a civil war in Egypt
D) To pressure the United States to force Israel to return the Sinai
  • 13. What did Ahmed Zaki Yamani warn the United States about in 1973?
A) The Trans-Arabian Pipeline was leaking
B) Saudi Arabia was considering an oil embargo
C) The Soviet Union was planning an invasion
D) The price of oil would drop drastically
  • 14. How did Washington officials generally perceive Saudi threats of an oil embargo in 1973?
A) They took them as a serious declaration of war
B) They ignored them because they were allies
C) They thought it was a joke played by the press
D) They believed the Saudis were bluffing
  • 15. Who deposed King Saud in 1964?
A) King Faisal
B) Ahmed Zaki Yamani
C) Gamal Abdel Nasser
D) Anwar Sadat
  • 16. What action did Kissinger take regarding the warning from four US oil CEOs in May 1973?
A) He immediately authorized an increase in oil production
B) He declined to meet with them
C) He presented their findings to the President
D) He publicly condemned the oil companies
  • 17. How did Kissinger characterize Sadat's threats of jihad against Israel in the summer of 1973?
A) As a cry for help from the Soviet Union
B) As a serious threat to regional stability
C) As a distraction from domestic political problems
D) As empty talk
  • 18. Who did Nixon appoint as Secretary of State in September 1973?
A) William Rogers
B) Ahmed Zaki Yamani
C) Anwar Sadat
D) Henry Kissinger
  • 19. When did OAPEC announce the oil embargo?
A) March 1974
B) January 1969
C) August 1971
D) October 1973
  • 20. By approximately what percentage did the price of oil rise due to the crisis?
A) 50%
B) 500%
C) 100%
D) 300%
  • 21. What was the price of oil per barrel after the crisis?
A) US$6
B) US$3
C) US$20
D) Nearly US$12
  • 22. What event is referred to as the second oil shock?
A) 1956 Suez Crisis
B) 1967 Six-Day War
C) 1979 Iranian Revolution
D) 1973 Yom Kippur War
  • 23. What was the primary cause of the Suez Crisis?
A) The 1973 oil embargo
B) Blocking of the port of Eilat
C) A shortage of oil imports
D) A decline in coal production
  • 24. How long was the Suez Canal closed following the 1967 war?
A) Two years
B) Eight years
C) Six months
D) One year
  • 25. In what year did American domestic oil production peak?
A) 1970
B) 1973
C) 1969
D) 1959
  • 26. What was the primary source of US energy in 1951?
A) Coal
B) Natural gas
C) Oil
D) Hydroelectric
  • 27. Who was assigned to review the Eisenhower-era oil quota program?
A) Faisal of Saudi Arabia
B) Richard Nixon
C) George Shultz
D) Dwight Eisenhower
  • 28. What happened to the price of oil in real terms during the 1960s?
A) It increased rapidly
B) It stayed exactly the same
C) It fluctuated wildly
D) It got progressively lower
  • 29. What was the nickname critics gave to Eisenhower's oil quota policy?
A) Oil supremacy
B) The long summer
C) Drain America first
D) Energy independence
  • 30. In what city was OPEC founded?
A) Baghdad
B) Tehran
C) Caracas
D) Riyadh
  • 31. On what date was OPEC founded?
A) 15 August 1971
B) 14 September 1960
C) 14 September 1970
D) 14 February 1971
  • 32. Which of the following was a founding member of OPEC?
A) Algeria
B) Libya
C) Venezuela
D) Nigeria
  • 33. In 1963, what percentage of OPEC oil was controlled by the Seven Sisters?
A) 77%
B) 86%
C) 81%
D) 90%
  • 34. By 1970, how many oil companies were operating in the Middle East?
A) 7
B) 5
C) 81
D) 100
  • 35. Which country joined OPEC in the early 1960s?
A) Iraq
B) Qatar
C) Saudi Arabia
D) Iran
  • 36. What was the name given to the action of closing the gold window?
A) Tehran Price Agreement
B) OPEC communiqué
C) Nixon Shock
D) Bretton Woods collapse
  • 37. According to the text, in what year did the Bretton Woods system eventually collapse?
A) 1976
B) 1974
C) 1971
D) 1973
  • 38. Which new oil producer joined OPEC by 1970?
A) Venezuela
B) Saudi Arabia
C) Nigeria
D) Iran
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