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What is a Volcano?
Contributed by: Flynn
  • 1. A volcano is a geological formation that occurs when magma from beneath the Earth's crust escapes to the surface, often resulting in the eruption of lava, ash, and gases. These natural structures can vary widely in shape, size, and activity level, ranging from the towering stratovolcanoes, characterized by their steep profiles and explosive eruptions, to the broad, gently sloping shield volcanoes that predominantly produce fluid lava flows. Volcanoes are typically found at tectonic plate boundaries, where the movement of these plates creates conditions favorable for volcanic activity, but they can also occur in the interior of tectonic plates at hot spots. The eruptions of volcanoes can lead to significant geological and environmental changes, creating new landforms and releasing ash that can impact air quality and climate. Moreover, volcanoes are not only fascinating geological phenomena but can also pose gravely dangerous threats to nearby ecosystems and human settlements, making their study essential for understanding both the Earth's processes and the risks associated with living in proximity to these powerful natural features.

    What is magma?
A) Liquid water in geothermal springs.
B) The gas released during a volcanic eruption.
C) Solid rock found on the Earth's surface.
D) Molten rock located beneath the Earth's surface.
  • 2. What is a caldera?
A) A small volcanic vent.
B) A type of lava flow.
C) A mountain range.
D) A large depression formed after a volcanic eruption.
  • 3. What gas is most commonly released during a volcanic eruption?
A) Water vapor.
B) Ozone.
C) Carbon monoxide.
D) Nitrogen.
  • 4. What is tephra?
A) Magma that has cooled inside the Earth.
B) Fragmented material ejected during a volcanic eruption.
C) A layer of solidified lava.
D) A type of volcanic gas.
  • 5. What is a stratovolcano?
A) An underwater volcano.
B) A steep-sided volcano built up from multiple layers of ash and lava.
C) A flat, shield-shaped volcano.
D) A small volcanic cone.
  • 6. Which volcano erupted in 1980 causing significant destruction?
A) Kilauea.
B) Mauna Loa.
C) Mount Vesuvius.
D) Mount St. Helens.
  • 7. What does a volcanologist study?
A) Meteorological phenomena.
B) Volcanoes and volcanic activity.
C) Earthquakes only.
D) Only extinct volcanoes.
  • 8. What is a shield volcano?
A) An underwater volcano.
B) A small volcanic crater.
C) A steep, conical volcano.
D) A broad, dome-shaped volcano with gentle slopes.
  • 9. What is volcanic ash?
A) Water vapor released from a volcano.
B) Small fragments of rock and glass ejected during eruptions.
C) A type of gas released during an eruption.
D) Liquid magma that cools quickly.
  • 10. What is 'lava'?
A) Solid rock formed from magma.
B) A type of volcanic gas.
C) A deep ocean water current.
D) Magma that has reached the Earth's surface.
  • 11. Which volcanic gas is responsible for the greenhouse effect?
A) Nitrogen.
B) Carbon dioxide.
C) Hydrogen sulfide.
D) Oxygen.
  • 12. What is a volcanic arc?
A) A chain of volcanoes formed above a subduction zone.
B) A region with no volcanic activity.
C) A type of lava plateau.
D) A circular feature of a single volcano.
  • 13. Which of the following can trigger a volcanic eruption?
A) Sunlight changes.
B) Magma pressure increasing.
C) Strong winds.
D) Ocean tides.
  • 14. Where do most volcanoes occur?
A) High up in the atmosphere.
B) Along tectonic plate boundaries.
C) In the center of continents.
D) In desert areas.
  • 15. What is the term for a volcanic mudflow?
A) Caldera
B) Lahar
C) Pyroclastic flow
D) Tephra
  • 16. What is the term for volcanic debris that includes ash and rock fragments?
A) Tephra
B) Granite
C) Soil
D) Sediment
  • 17. Which country is home to the famous Mount Fuji?
A) Indonesia
B) Italy
C) Japan
D) Chile
  • 18. What type of volcano has steep, conical profiles?
A) Flood basalt
B) Shield volcano
C) Cinder cone
D) Stratovolcano
  • 19. What phenomenon can occur after a volcanic eruption due to ash and debris?
A) Lahars
B) Mudslides
C) Earthquakes
D) Tsunamis
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