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  • 1. A police officer arrives at a suspected homicide scene and finds a body with no obvious sign of life. What should the officer do first?
A) Call a physician to establish death
B) Move in the body to the hospital
C) Begin collecting evidence
D) Pronounce the victim dead
  • 2. A body is found with cherry red discoloration on the skin. What is the likely cause of death?
A) Phosphorus poisoning
B) Carbon monoxide poisoning
C) Natural causes
D) Asphyxia
  • 3. A corpse shows complete stiffening of muscles 4 hours after death. What is the likely cause of death?
A) Algor mortis
B) Putrefaction
C) Rigor mortis
D) Livor mortis
  • 4. During an autopsy the physician finds green discoloration spreading over the abdomen 24 hours after death. What is this indicative of?
A) Maceration
B) Saponification
C) Mummification
D) Early potrefaction
  • 5. A patient in coma dies due to failure of vital brain centers. What mode of death is this
A) Coma
B) Asphyxia
C) Syncope
D) Cardiac arrest
  • 6. A body is found with blood settled independent parts that changes when the body is moved. What type of lividity is this?
A) Hypostatic lividity
B) Carbon monoxide lividity
C) Phosphorus lividity
D) Diffusion lividity
  • 7. A person is founded with no heartbeat for 3 minutes but still has some respiratory effort. What is the legal status?
A) Suspended animation
B) Dead
C) Alive
D) Requires further examination
  • 8. A corpse shows dry blister formation after heat application with no surrounding redness. What does this indicate
A) Body is alive
B) Heat caused death
C) Death occurred before heat application
D) Death occurred after heat application
  • 9. A body is found with skin pale, and waxy, loss of elasticity and postmortem contact flattening. What stage is this?
A) Autolysis
B) Mummification
C) Early postmortem changes
D) Advance putrefaction
  • 10. Victim was found with instantaneous muscles rigidity immediately after death due to chest injury. What is this called
A) Heat stiffening
B) Cadaveric spasm
C) Rigor mortis
D) Cold stiffening
  • 11. A physician is called to determine death but finds the victim in a state of temporary loss of consciousness due to electric shock
A) Somatic death
B) Molecular death
C) Apparent death or suspended animation
D) Clinical death
  • 12. A corpse is found with dark brown lividity. what poison is likely involved?
A) Carbon monoxide
B) Phosphorus
C) Arsenic
D) Cyanide
  • 13. A body is found bloated with green discoloration and maggots 48 hours after death. What is the process called?
A) Mummification
B) Autolysis
C) Saponification
D) Putrefaction
  • 14. A physician performs an external examination of a dead body without incision
A) Post-mortem examination
B) Autopsy
C) Medical examination
D) Forensic investigation
  • 15. A forensic pathologist is task to determine if a death was due to homicide or natural causes
A) Research autopsy
B) Medical autopsy
C) Medico-legal or forensic autopsy
D) Clinical autopsy
  • 16. A victims body is found with the pupil fixed in the position of rest and loss of corneal reflex
A) Brain death
B) Suspended animation
C) Early signs of death
D) The person is alive
  • 17. A body is found with fatty tissues transferred into a soft brownish white substance
A) Saponification or adipocere formation
B) Mummification
C) Maceration
D) Putrefaction
  • 18. A physician notes that the victim survive an injury for prolonged period allowing complications to develop before them. What cause of death is this?
A) Immediate cause
B) Unknown cause
C) Proximate (secondary) cause
D) Natural causes
  • 19. A corpse is found with green discoloration over the abdomen and spreading to the chest 24 hours after death. What is the stage of putrefaction?
A) None
B) Advance
C) Early
D) Final
  • 20. A body is found with lividity that does not change when the body position is altered
A) Carbon monoxide
B) Phosphorus
C) Diffusion
D) Hypostatic
  • 21. A victim was exposed to extreme cold before death and the muscles are hardened
A) Heat stiffening
B) Cold stiffening
C) Rigor mortis
D) Cadaveric spasm
  • 22. A physician is called to crime scene where the victims heart has stopped for 6 minutes
A) The victim is alive
B) Death is uncertain
C) Requires resuscitation
D) Death is certain
  • 23. A body is found with a triangular black spot on the sclera a few hours after death. What is this called?
A) Livor mortis
B) Algor mortis
C) Rigor mortis
D) Tache noir de la sclerotique
  • 24. A forensic expert finds that the victims muscles no longer respond to electrical stimulus and have become flaccid after rigor mortis
A) Primary placidity
B) Putrefaction
C) Post-mortem rigidity
D) Secondary flaccidity
  • 25. A body is found with no heart action and no circulation for 2 minutes. What should be the next?
A) Declare that immediately
B) Call the police
C) Wait for 3 minutes before declaring death
D) Attempt resuscitation
  • 26. A victim died from respiratory failure due to lack of oxygen
A) Asphyxia
B) Syncope
C) Coma
D) Cardiac arrest
  • 27. A body is found with post more time lividity that is cherry red. What is the probable cause of death?
A) Carbon monoxide poisoning
B) Cyanide poisoning
C) Both A and B
  • 28. A corpse is found with skin that is pale and waxy and has lost elasticity. What post-mortem change is this?
A) Algor mortis
B) Livor mortis
C) Changes in the skin after death
D) Rigor mortis
  • 29. A forensic pathologist is examining a body and notes that the muscles of the face are stiff but the limbs are still flaccid. How long has the body likely been dead?
A) 2-6 hours
B) Less than 2 hours
C) 6-12 hours
D) More than 12 hours
  • 30. Which wound is most likely to cause that immediately after infliction
A) Non-mortal wound
B) Mortal wound
C) Superficial wound
D) Closed wound
  • 31. Which organ is NOT usually considered mortal if wounded
A) Heart
B) Skin
C) Lungs
D) Brain
  • 32. A wound caused by a blunt instrument is called:
A) Contusion
B) Punctured wound
C) Stab wound
D) Incised wound
  • 33. What is a wound caused by a sharp edge instrument
A) Incised wound
B) Lacerated wound
C) Hematoma
D) Contusion
  • 34. Which wound is produced by a sharp-pointed instrument
A) Abrasion
B) Lacerated wound
C) Stab wound
D) Punctured wound
  • 35. A wound that has both entry and exit points is called:
A) Lacerated wound
B) Perforating wound
C) Abrasion
D) Contusion
  • 36. In injury at the site of force application is:
A) Coup injury
B) Patterned wound
C) Lacerated wound
D) Contre-coup injury
  • 37. An injury found opposite the site of force application is:
A) Coup injury
B) Contre-coup injury
C) Patterned wound
D) Defense wound
  • 38. A wound resulting from self protection is called:
A) Lacerated wound
B) Defense wound
C) Patterned wound
D) Self inflicted wound
  • 39. A wound that reflects the shape of the object causing it is:
A) Coup injury
B) Patterned wound
C) Closed wound
D) Superficial wound
  • 40. A wound produced on oneself is called:
A) Self-inflicted wound
B) Coup injury
C) Patterned wound
D) Defense wound
  • 41. According to aristotle, at what day after conception does fetal animation occur?
A) 50th day
B) 40th day
C) 30th day
D) 20th day
  • 42. What did Numa Popilius decree regarding women dying during confinement?
A) They should be buried immediately
B) They should be opened to save the child
C) None of the above
D) They should be given a trial
  • 43. Who was the first police Surgeon or Forensic Pathologist?
A) Ambroise Pare
B) Dr. Rafael Genard y Mas
C) Antistius
D) Paulus Zacchias
  • 44. Death is defined medically as the complete cessation of which vital functions?
A) Respiratory ,cardiac, and central nervous system
B) Cardiac and muscular only
C) Respiratory and digestive only
D) Central nervous system only
  • 45. What happens to criminal liability upon death?
A) It continues
B) It is extinguished
C) It is transferred to heirs
D) It is suspended
  • 46. Immediate (primary) cause of death refers to:
A) Death caused by poisoning only
B) Death caused by accident only
C) Death caused quickly without complications
D) Death caused by slow disease progression
  • 47. What is somatic or clinical death
A) Complete sensation of brain, heart, and lung functions
B) Death of individual cells
C) Death declared by family members
D) Temporary loss of consciousness
  • 48. Which type of death involves the patient giving up prematurely?
A) Psychic death
B) Sociology death
C) Biologic death
D) Physiological death
  • 49. A man is found with a wound on his chest that passes through the body and exist from the back. What type of wound is this
A) Incised wound
B) Lacerated wound
C) Perforating wound
D) Penetrating wound
  • 50. A woman presents with a wound on her forearm that matches the shape of a belt buckle after being stuck. What is this wound called?
A) Self-inflicted wound
B) Defense wound
C) Patterned wound
D) Coup injury
  • 51. During an autopsy, a wound is found on the victims palm, likely caused by instinctive self protection against an attacker with a knife.
A) Defense wound
B) Contre-coup injury
C) Patterned wound
D) Coup injury
  • 52. A person working in a freezer for long hours develops swelling, discoloration, and tissue death in their fingers. What is the most likely diagnosed?
A) Heat stroke
B) Trench foot
C) Scald
D) Frostbite
  • 53. A victim is found with a gunshot wound to the abdomen. The wound is larger and more destructive than usual, and the firearm was discharged at closed range. What explains the severity?
A) The bullet was small
B) The wound was accidental
C) Discharge was close to the skin
D) The bullet was made over rubber
  • 54. After a car accident a patient is found to have a partial description in the ligamentous support of the ankle joint but no bone displacement.
A) Fracture
B) Dislocation
C) Strain
D) Sprain
  • 55. A young woman is examine after an alleged sexual assault. Her hymen is found to be lacerated. What is the medical term for this finding?
A) False physical virginity
B) Demi virginity
C) Defloration
D) Cribiform hymen
  • 56. A man is found hanging from a rope in his bedroom. The rope and anchorage are accessible, and there is evidence of movement of the rope as the body was suspended. What is the most likely manner of death?
A) Suicide
B) Undetermined
C) Accident
D) Homicide
  • 57. What is the first essential step in a homicide investigation
A) Collecting evidence
B) Arresting suspect
C) Interviewing witness
D) Establishing the fact of death
  • 58. Which mode of death results primarily brown failure of lighter brain centers
A) Asphyxia
B) Syncope
C) Coma
D) Cardiac arrest
  • 59. What is rigor mortis
A) Cooling of the body
B) This coloration of the body
C) Lost of corneal reflex
D) Stiffening of the body muscles after death
  • 60. How long does it generally take for the body to reach ambient temperature after death in tropical countries
A) 6-8hours
B) 24 hours
C) 12-15 hours
D) 1-3 hours
  • 61. What is the stage of secondary flaccidity
A) Cooling ng of the body
B) Muscle relaxation after rigor mortis disappears
C) Discoloration of the skin
D) Initial muscles stiffness
  • 62. What is a autolysis
A) Self-digestion of tissues by enzymes after death
B) Cooling of the body
C) Bacterial decomposition
D) Muscles tiffening
  • 63. Putrefaction involve:
A) Instantaneous muscles definition
B) Dehydration of the body
C) Loss of corneal reflex
D) Breaking down of proteins with foul-smelling gases
  • 64. Which of the following is a special modification of putrefaction
A) Maceration
B) Saponification
C) Mummification
D) All of the above
  • 65. What is the difference between autopsy and postmortem examination
A) Postmortem includes internal examination; autopsy is external only
B) Both are the same
C) Autopsy is done by police only
D) Autopsy includes internal examination; postmortem is external only
  • 66. What is the main purpose of medical legal or forensic autopsy
A) Perform organ donation
B) Determine cause, manner, and time of death for legal purposes
C) None of the above
D) Determine medical cause of death for research
  • 67. Which is not a general effect of heat
A) Heat cramps
B) Frostbite
C) Heat stroke
D) Heat exhaustion
  • 68. Painful muscle contractions due to dehydration are called
A) Trench foot
B) Heat exhaustion
C) Heat cramps
D) Heatstroke
  • 69. Heart failure caused by heat and exertion is:
A) Heat cramps
B) Heat exhaustion
C) Frostbite
D) Heat stroke
  • 70. A life threatening condition from high temperature is;
A) Heat exhaustion
B) Heat stroke
C) Heat cramps
D) Scald
  • 71. A burn caused by heat liquid is
A) Scald
B) Burn
C) Frostbite
D) Contusion
  • 72. All gunshot wounds result from the entry of
A) Knife
B) Rope
C) Projectile
D) Blunt object
  • 73. The closer the gun is to the skin, the;
A) Greater the damage
B) Lesser the damage
C) None of the above
D) No effect
  • 74. Which is not a sign of accidental gunshot wound
A) Usually one shot
B) Multiple wounds
C) Witness testimony
D) No spatial area involved
  • 75. Which is not a sign of homicidal gunshot wound
A) Multiple entry sites
B) Firearm found at scene
C) Absence of weapon
D) Signs of struggle
  • 76. Hanging is usually considered:
A) Suicidal
B) Homicide
C) Undetermined
D) Accidental
  • 77. Which is not a common method of suicide
A) Drowning
B) Poisoning
C) Frostbite
D) Hanging
  • 78. Accidental death is defined as death that:
A) Is self inflicted
B) Occurs beyond one's will
C) Is always violent
D) Is planned
  • 79. Rape is committed when there is
A) No penetration
B) Slightest penetration
C) Full penetration
D) Only oral contact
  • 80. A child falls and scrapes his knee resulting in the loss of the superficial layers of skin. What type of wound is this
A) Contusion
B) Abrasion
C) Lacerated wound
D) Incised wound
  • 81. Which is not an essential element of rape
A) Carnal knowledge
B) Offender is a man
C) Use of force or intimidation
D) Victim is always over 18
  • 82. Sexual assault under the anti rape law includes:
A) Both a and b
B) Inserting penis into mouth
C) Inserting object into genital or orifice
  • 83. Which is not evidence in rape investigation
A) Physical exam of victim
B) Victims height
C) Panty of victim
D) Suspects clothing
  • 84. Virginity is presumed when a woman is:
A) Over 40
B) None of the above
C) Single and good repetition
D) Married
  • 85. Defloration is:
A) Laceration of hymen from sexual intercourse
B) None of the above
C) Only hymen injury
D) Only from sports
  • 86. Demi virginity refers to:
A) Permitting sexual liberties but not rupturing hymen
B) Complete abstinence
C) None of the above
D) Never having sexual liberties
  • 87. Homosexuality is
A) Sexual desire towards animals
B) Sexual desire towards children
C) Sexual desire towards same sex
D) Sexual desire towards corpses
  • 88. Necrophilia is
A) Sexual desire towards same sex
B) Sexual desire towards animal
C) Sexual desire towards children
D) Sexual desire towards corpses
  • 89. What is the usual time frame for rigor mortis to disappear
A) 48-72 hours
B) 18-36 hours
C) 1 week
D) 6-12 hours
  • 90. What is the first sign of death in the eye
A) Loss of corneal reflex
B) Pupil fixed in position of rest
C) Flaccidity of eyeball
D) Clouding of cornea
  • 91. What is "Tache noir de la sclerotique"
A) Rigor mortis in eyelids
B) Post-mortem spots on sclera appearing hours after death
C) Discoloration of nails
D) Bruise on the skin
  • 92. What does heat application on skin after death produced
A) Redness around blister
B) No blister
C) Dry blister without fluid
D) Wet blister
  • 93. What is hypostatic lividity
A) Blood still fluid inside vessels; changes with body position
B) Cooling of the body
C) Blood coagulated inside vessels; does not change with position
D) Discoloration due to poisoning
  • 94. What is diffusion lividity
A) Loss of corneal reflex
B) Blood coagulated inside vessels
C) Discoloration due to heat
D) Blood still fluid inside a vessels
  • 95. What is the cause of death in syncope
A) Poisoning
B) Respiratory failure
C) Heart failure
D) Brain failure
  • 96. What is the cause of death in asphyxia
A) Brain failure
B) Respiratory failure due to lack of oxygen
C) Heart failure
D) Poisoning
  • 97. Which of the following is not a method of judicial death
A) Natural causes
B) Electrocution
C) Hanging
D) Lethal injection
  • 98. A body is found with rigor mortis fully developed and fix lividity. How long has the person likely been dead
A) More than 1 week
B) Less than 3 hours
C) 12 hours or more
D) 3-6 hours
  • 99. Which vital function must cease for death to be legally declared
A) All three; respiratory, cardiac, and central nervous system
B) Respiratory only
C) Cardiac activity only
D) Central nervous system activity only
  • 100. The first medico-legal laboratory in the philippines was established in
A) 1960
B) 1985
C) 1895
D) 1919
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