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  • 1. A police officer arrives at a suspected homicide scene and finds a body with no obvious sign of life. What should the officer do first?
A) Begin collecting evidence
B) Move in the body to the hospital
C) Call a physician to establish death
D) Pronounce the victim dead
  • 2. A body is found with cherry red discoloration on the skin. What is the likely cause of death?
A) Asphyxia
B) Natural causes
C) Carbon monoxide poisoning
D) Phosphorus poisoning
  • 3. A corpse shows complete stiffening of muscles 4 hours after death. What is the likely cause of death?
A) Putrefaction
B) Algor mortis
C) Rigor mortis
D) Livor mortis
  • 4. During an autopsy the physician finds green discoloration spreading over the abdomen 24 hours after death. What is this indicative of?
A) Saponification
B) Maceration
C) Early potrefaction
D) Mummification
  • 5. A patient in coma dies due to failure of vital brain centers. What mode of death is this
A) Syncope
B) Asphyxia
C) Cardiac arrest
D) Coma
  • 6. A body is found with blood settled independent parts that changes when the body is moved. What type of lividity is this?
A) Diffusion lividity
B) Carbon monoxide lividity
C) Hypostatic lividity
D) Phosphorus lividity
  • 7. A person is founded with no heartbeat for 3 minutes but still has some respiratory effort. What is the legal status?
A) Dead
B) Requires further examination
C) Suspended animation
D) Alive
  • 8. A corpse shows dry blister formation after heat application with no surrounding redness. What does this indicate
A) Death occurred before heat application
B) Death occurred after heat application
C) Heat caused death
D) Body is alive
  • 9. A body is found with skin pale, and waxy, loss of elasticity and postmortem contact flattening. What stage is this?
A) Autolysis
B) Early postmortem changes
C) Advance putrefaction
D) Mummification
  • 10. Victim was found with instantaneous muscles rigidity immediately after death due to chest injury. What is this called
A) Heat stiffening
B) Cold stiffening
C) Rigor mortis
D) Cadaveric spasm
  • 11. A physician is called to determine death but finds the victim in a state of temporary loss of consciousness due to electric shock
A) Somatic death
B) Clinical death
C) Molecular death
D) Apparent death or suspended animation
  • 12. A corpse is found with dark brown lividity. what poison is likely involved?
A) Carbon monoxide
B) Arsenic
C) Cyanide
D) Phosphorus
  • 13. A body is found bloated with green discoloration and maggots 48 hours after death. What is the process called?
A) Autolysis
B) Putrefaction
C) Mummification
D) Saponification
  • 14. A physician performs an external examination of a dead body without incision
A) Post-mortem examination
B) Medical examination
C) Autopsy
D) Forensic investigation
  • 15. A forensic pathologist is task to determine if a death was due to homicide or natural causes
A) Research autopsy
B) Clinical autopsy
C) Medical autopsy
D) Medico-legal or forensic autopsy
  • 16. A victims body is found with the pupil fixed in the position of rest and loss of corneal reflex
A) Brain death
B) The person is alive
C) Early signs of death
D) Suspended animation
  • 17. A body is found with fatty tissues transferred into a soft brownish white substance
A) Mummification
B) Saponification or adipocere formation
C) Maceration
D) Putrefaction
  • 18. A physician notes that the victim survive an injury for prolonged period allowing complications to develop before them. What cause of death is this?
A) Natural causes
B) Proximate (secondary) cause
C) Unknown cause
D) Immediate cause
  • 19. A corpse is found with green discoloration over the abdomen and spreading to the chest 24 hours after death. What is the stage of putrefaction?
A) Final
B) Early
C) Advance
D) None
  • 20. A body is found with lividity that does not change when the body position is altered
A) Phosphorus
B) Carbon monoxide
C) Diffusion
D) Hypostatic
  • 21. A victim was exposed to extreme cold before death and the muscles are hardened
A) Heat stiffening
B) Cadaveric spasm
C) Cold stiffening
D) Rigor mortis
  • 22. A physician is called to crime scene where the victims heart has stopped for 6 minutes
A) Death is uncertain
B) Requires resuscitation
C) Death is certain
D) The victim is alive
  • 23. A body is found with a triangular black spot on the sclera a few hours after death. What is this called?
A) Algor mortis
B) Tache noir de la sclerotique
C) Livor mortis
D) Rigor mortis
  • 24. A forensic expert finds that the victims muscles no longer respond to electrical stimulus and have become flaccid after rigor mortis
A) Putrefaction
B) Primary placidity
C) Post-mortem rigidity
D) Secondary flaccidity
  • 25. A body is found with no heart action and no circulation for 2 minutes. What should be the next?
A) Wait for 3 minutes before declaring death
B) Declare that immediately
C) Call the police
D) Attempt resuscitation
  • 26. A victim died from respiratory failure due to lack of oxygen
A) Asphyxia
B) Coma
C) Syncope
D) Cardiac arrest
  • 27. A body is found with post more time lividity that is cherry red. What is the probable cause of death?
A) Carbon monoxide poisoning
B) Cyanide poisoning
C) Both A and B
  • 28. A corpse is found with skin that is pale and waxy and has lost elasticity. What post-mortem change is this?
A) Rigor mortis
B) Changes in the skin after death
C) Livor mortis
D) Algor mortis
  • 29. A forensic pathologist is examining a body and notes that the muscles of the face are stiff but the limbs are still flaccid. How long has the body likely been dead?
A) Less than 2 hours
B) More than 12 hours
C) 6-12 hours
D) 2-6 hours
  • 30. Which wound is most likely to cause that immediately after infliction
A) Non-mortal wound
B) Superficial wound
C) Closed wound
D) Mortal wound
  • 31. Which organ is NOT usually considered mortal if wounded
A) Brain
B) Lungs
C) Skin
D) Heart
  • 32. A wound caused by a blunt instrument is called:
A) Contusion
B) Punctured wound
C) Stab wound
D) Incised wound
  • 33. What is a wound caused by a sharp edge instrument
A) Lacerated wound
B) Incised wound
C) Contusion
D) Hematoma
  • 34. Which wound is produced by a sharp-pointed instrument
A) Abrasion
B) Lacerated wound
C) Punctured wound
D) Stab wound
  • 35. A wound that has both entry and exit points is called:
A) Perforating wound
B) Abrasion
C) Contusion
D) Lacerated wound
  • 36. In injury at the site of force application is:
A) Patterned wound
B) Lacerated wound
C) Coup injury
D) Contre-coup injury
  • 37. An injury found opposite the site of force application is:
A) Defense wound
B) Coup injury
C) Contre-coup injury
D) Patterned wound
  • 38. A wound resulting from self protection is called:
A) Self inflicted wound
B) Defense wound
C) Patterned wound
D) Lacerated wound
  • 39. A wound that reflects the shape of the object causing it is:
A) Superficial wound
B) Patterned wound
C) Coup injury
D) Closed wound
  • 40. A wound produced on oneself is called:
A) Coup injury
B) Self-inflicted wound
C) Defense wound
D) Patterned wound
  • 41. According to aristotle, at what day after conception does fetal animation occur?
A) 50th day
B) 40th day
C) 20th day
D) 30th day
  • 42. What did Numa Popilius decree regarding women dying during confinement?
A) None of the above
B) They should be opened to save the child
C) They should be given a trial
D) They should be buried immediately
  • 43. Who was the first police Surgeon or Forensic Pathologist?
A) Paulus Zacchias
B) Ambroise Pare
C) Dr. Rafael Genard y Mas
D) Antistius
  • 44. Death is defined medically as the complete cessation of which vital functions?
A) Respiratory and digestive only
B) Central nervous system only
C) Cardiac and muscular only
D) Respiratory ,cardiac, and central nervous system
  • 45. What happens to criminal liability upon death?
A) It is transferred to heirs
B) It is suspended
C) It continues
D) It is extinguished
  • 46. Immediate (primary) cause of death refers to:
A) Death caused by slow disease progression
B) Death caused by accident only
C) Death caused by poisoning only
D) Death caused quickly without complications
  • 47. What is somatic or clinical death
A) Complete sensation of brain, heart, and lung functions
B) Death declared by family members
C) Temporary loss of consciousness
D) Death of individual cells
  • 48. Which type of death involves the patient giving up prematurely?
A) Biologic death
B) Sociology death
C) Physiological death
D) Psychic death
  • 49. A man is found with a wound on his chest that passes through the body and exist from the back. What type of wound is this
A) Perforating wound
B) Penetrating wound
C) Incised wound
D) Lacerated wound
  • 50. A woman presents with a wound on her forearm that matches the shape of a belt buckle after being stuck. What is this wound called?
A) Defense wound
B) Self-inflicted wound
C) Patterned wound
D) Coup injury
  • 51. During an autopsy, a wound is found on the victims palm, likely caused by instinctive self protection against an attacker with a knife.
A) Contre-coup injury
B) Defense wound
C) Coup injury
D) Patterned wound
  • 52. A person working in a freezer for long hours develops swelling, discoloration, and tissue death in their fingers. What is the most likely diagnosed?
A) Scald
B) Heat stroke
C) Trench foot
D) Frostbite
  • 53. A victim is found with a gunshot wound to the abdomen. The wound is larger and more destructive than usual, and the firearm was discharged at closed range. What explains the severity?
A) Discharge was close to the skin
B) The wound was accidental
C) The bullet was made over rubber
D) The bullet was small
  • 54. After a car accident a patient is found to have a partial description in the ligamentous support of the ankle joint but no bone displacement.
A) Fracture
B) Strain
C) Sprain
D) Dislocation
  • 55. A young woman is examine after an alleged sexual assault. Her hymen is found to be lacerated. What is the medical term for this finding?
A) Demi virginity
B) Cribiform hymen
C) Defloration
D) False physical virginity
  • 56. A man is found hanging from a rope in his bedroom. The rope and anchorage are accessible, and there is evidence of movement of the rope as the body was suspended. What is the most likely manner of death?
A) Homicide
B) Undetermined
C) Suicide
D) Accident
  • 57. What is the first essential step in a homicide investigation
A) Interviewing witness
B) Collecting evidence
C) Establishing the fact of death
D) Arresting suspect
  • 58. Which mode of death results primarily brown failure of lighter brain centers
A) Asphyxia
B) Cardiac arrest
C) Syncope
D) Coma
  • 59. What is rigor mortis
A) Lost of corneal reflex
B) Stiffening of the body muscles after death
C) This coloration of the body
D) Cooling of the body
  • 60. How long does it generally take for the body to reach ambient temperature after death in tropical countries
A) 1-3 hours
B) 6-8hours
C) 24 hours
D) 12-15 hours
  • 61. What is the stage of secondary flaccidity
A) Initial muscles stiffness
B) Discoloration of the skin
C) Muscle relaxation after rigor mortis disappears
D) Cooling ng of the body
  • 62. What is a autolysis
A) Muscles tiffening
B) Bacterial decomposition
C) Self-digestion of tissues by enzymes after death
D) Cooling of the body
  • 63. Putrefaction involve:
A) Loss of corneal reflex
B) Breaking down of proteins with foul-smelling gases
C) Dehydration of the body
D) Instantaneous muscles definition
  • 64. Which of the following is a special modification of putrefaction
A) Mummification
B) Saponification
C) Maceration
D) All of the above
  • 65. What is the difference between autopsy and postmortem examination
A) Autopsy is done by police only
B) Both are the same
C) Autopsy includes internal examination; postmortem is external only
D) Postmortem includes internal examination; autopsy is external only
  • 66. What is the main purpose of medical legal or forensic autopsy
A) Perform organ donation
B) Determine medical cause of death for research
C) Determine cause, manner, and time of death for legal purposes
D) None of the above
  • 67. Which is not a general effect of heat
A) Heat exhaustion
B) Heat cramps
C) Heat stroke
D) Frostbite
  • 68. Painful muscle contractions due to dehydration are called
A) Heat cramps
B) Heatstroke
C) Heat exhaustion
D) Trench foot
  • 69. Heart failure caused by heat and exertion is:
A) Heat stroke
B) Frostbite
C) Heat exhaustion
D) Heat cramps
  • 70. A life threatening condition from high temperature is;
A) Scald
B) Heat cramps
C) Heat exhaustion
D) Heat stroke
  • 71. A burn caused by heat liquid is
A) Scald
B) Frostbite
C) Burn
D) Contusion
  • 72. All gunshot wounds result from the entry of
A) Projectile
B) Blunt object
C) Knife
D) Rope
  • 73. The closer the gun is to the skin, the;
A) No effect
B) None of the above
C) Lesser the damage
D) Greater the damage
  • 74. Which is not a sign of accidental gunshot wound
A) Usually one shot
B) Witness testimony
C) No spatial area involved
D) Multiple wounds
  • 75. Which is not a sign of homicidal gunshot wound
A) Signs of struggle
B) Absence of weapon
C) Firearm found at scene
D) Multiple entry sites
  • 76. Hanging is usually considered:
A) Accidental
B) Suicidal
C) Homicide
D) Undetermined
  • 77. Which is not a common method of suicide
A) Drowning
B) Frostbite
C) Hanging
D) Poisoning
  • 78. Accidental death is defined as death that:
A) Is self inflicted
B) Is always violent
C) Is planned
D) Occurs beyond one's will
  • 79. Rape is committed when there is
A) Slightest penetration
B) No penetration
C) Full penetration
D) Only oral contact
  • 80. A child falls and scrapes his knee resulting in the loss of the superficial layers of skin. What type of wound is this
A) Contusion
B) Lacerated wound
C) Abrasion
D) Incised wound
  • 81. Which is not an essential element of rape
A) Offender is a man
B) Victim is always over 18
C) Use of force or intimidation
D) Carnal knowledge
  • 82. Sexual assault under the anti rape law includes:
A) Inserting object into genital or orifice
B) Inserting penis into mouth
C) Both a and b
  • 83. Which is not evidence in rape investigation
A) Victims height
B) Panty of victim
C) Suspects clothing
D) Physical exam of victim
  • 84. Virginity is presumed when a woman is:
A) Single and good repetition
B) Married
C) None of the above
D) Over 40
  • 85. Defloration is:
A) None of the above
B) Laceration of hymen from sexual intercourse
C) Only hymen injury
D) Only from sports
  • 86. Demi virginity refers to:
A) Complete abstinence
B) Permitting sexual liberties but not rupturing hymen
C) None of the above
D) Never having sexual liberties
  • 87. Homosexuality is
A) Sexual desire towards children
B) Sexual desire towards animals
C) Sexual desire towards corpses
D) Sexual desire towards same sex
  • 88. Necrophilia is
A) Sexual desire towards animal
B) Sexual desire towards corpses
C) Sexual desire towards children
D) Sexual desire towards same sex
  • 89. What is the usual time frame for rigor mortis to disappear
A) 6-12 hours
B) 1 week
C) 18-36 hours
D) 48-72 hours
  • 90. What is the first sign of death in the eye
A) Loss of corneal reflex
B) Clouding of cornea
C) Flaccidity of eyeball
D) Pupil fixed in position of rest
  • 91. What is "Tache noir de la sclerotique"
A) Post-mortem spots on sclera appearing hours after death
B) Rigor mortis in eyelids
C) Discoloration of nails
D) Bruise on the skin
  • 92. What does heat application on skin after death produced
A) Dry blister without fluid
B) No blister
C) Wet blister
D) Redness around blister
  • 93. What is hypostatic lividity
A) Cooling of the body
B) Blood still fluid inside vessels; changes with body position
C) Discoloration due to poisoning
D) Blood coagulated inside vessels; does not change with position
  • 94. What is diffusion lividity
A) Blood coagulated inside vessels
B) Loss of corneal reflex
C) Discoloration due to heat
D) Blood still fluid inside a vessels
  • 95. What is the cause of death in syncope
A) Respiratory failure
B) Heart failure
C) Brain failure
D) Poisoning
  • 96. What is the cause of death in asphyxia
A) Heart failure
B) Brain failure
C) Poisoning
D) Respiratory failure due to lack of oxygen
  • 97. Which of the following is not a method of judicial death
A) Lethal injection
B) Electrocution
C) Hanging
D) Natural causes
  • 98. A body is found with rigor mortis fully developed and fix lividity. How long has the person likely been dead
A) 3-6 hours
B) 12 hours or more
C) Less than 3 hours
D) More than 1 week
  • 99. Which vital function must cease for death to be legally declared
A) Cardiac activity only
B) All three; respiratory, cardiac, and central nervous system
C) Respiratory only
D) Central nervous system activity only
  • 100. The first medico-legal laboratory in the philippines was established in
A) 1895
B) 1985
C) 1960
D) 1919
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