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  • 1. A police officer arrives at a suspected homicide scene and finds a body with no obvious sign of life. What should the officer do first?
A) Pronounce the victim dead
B) Move in the body to the hospital
C) Call a physician to establish death
D) Begin collecting evidence
  • 2. A body is found with cherry red discoloration on the skin. What is the likely cause of death?
A) Carbon monoxide poisoning
B) Asphyxia
C) Natural causes
D) Phosphorus poisoning
  • 3. A corpse shows complete stiffening of muscles 4 hours after death. What is the likely cause of death?
A) Livor mortis
B) Algor mortis
C) Putrefaction
D) Rigor mortis
  • 4. During an autopsy the physician finds green discoloration spreading over the abdomen 24 hours after death. What is this indicative of?
A) Mummification
B) Maceration
C) Saponification
D) Early potrefaction
  • 5. A patient in coma dies due to failure of vital brain centers. What mode of death is this
A) Coma
B) Cardiac arrest
C) Asphyxia
D) Syncope
  • 6. A body is found with blood settled independent parts that changes when the body is moved. What type of lividity is this?
A) Carbon monoxide lividity
B) Diffusion lividity
C) Hypostatic lividity
D) Phosphorus lividity
  • 7. A person is founded with no heartbeat for 3 minutes but still has some respiratory effort. What is the legal status?
A) Alive
B) Dead
C) Suspended animation
D) Requires further examination
  • 8. A corpse shows dry blister formation after heat application with no surrounding redness. What does this indicate
A) Death occurred after heat application
B) Death occurred before heat application
C) Heat caused death
D) Body is alive
  • 9. A body is found with skin pale, and waxy, loss of elasticity and postmortem contact flattening. What stage is this?
A) Early postmortem changes
B) Autolysis
C) Advance putrefaction
D) Mummification
  • 10. Victim was found with instantaneous muscles rigidity immediately after death due to chest injury. What is this called
A) Rigor mortis
B) Heat stiffening
C) Cadaveric spasm
D) Cold stiffening
  • 11. A physician is called to determine death but finds the victim in a state of temporary loss of consciousness due to electric shock
A) Molecular death
B) Somatic death
C) Apparent death or suspended animation
D) Clinical death
  • 12. A corpse is found with dark brown lividity. what poison is likely involved?
A) Carbon monoxide
B) Cyanide
C) Phosphorus
D) Arsenic
  • 13. A body is found bloated with green discoloration and maggots 48 hours after death. What is the process called?
A) Autolysis
B) Putrefaction
C) Mummification
D) Saponification
  • 14. A physician performs an external examination of a dead body without incision
A) Medical examination
B) Post-mortem examination
C) Autopsy
D) Forensic investigation
  • 15. A forensic pathologist is task to determine if a death was due to homicide or natural causes
A) Research autopsy
B) Medico-legal or forensic autopsy
C) Medical autopsy
D) Clinical autopsy
  • 16. A victims body is found with the pupil fixed in the position of rest and loss of corneal reflex
A) The person is alive
B) Brain death
C) Suspended animation
D) Early signs of death
  • 17. A body is found with fatty tissues transferred into a soft brownish white substance
A) Maceration
B) Mummification
C) Putrefaction
D) Saponification or adipocere formation
  • 18. A physician notes that the victim survive an injury for prolonged period allowing complications to develop before them. What cause of death is this?
A) Immediate cause
B) Unknown cause
C) Proximate (secondary) cause
D) Natural causes
  • 19. A corpse is found with green discoloration over the abdomen and spreading to the chest 24 hours after death. What is the stage of putrefaction?
A) None
B) Early
C) Advance
D) Final
  • 20. A body is found with lividity that does not change when the body position is altered
A) Carbon monoxide
B) Hypostatic
C) Diffusion
D) Phosphorus
  • 21. A victim was exposed to extreme cold before death and the muscles are hardened
A) Rigor mortis
B) Cold stiffening
C) Cadaveric spasm
D) Heat stiffening
  • 22. A physician is called to crime scene where the victims heart has stopped for 6 minutes
A) Death is certain
B) Death is uncertain
C) The victim is alive
D) Requires resuscitation
  • 23. A body is found with a triangular black spot on the sclera a few hours after death. What is this called?
A) Livor mortis
B) Tache noir de la sclerotique
C) Algor mortis
D) Rigor mortis
  • 24. A forensic expert finds that the victims muscles no longer respond to electrical stimulus and have become flaccid after rigor mortis
A) Secondary flaccidity
B) Primary placidity
C) Putrefaction
D) Post-mortem rigidity
  • 25. A body is found with no heart action and no circulation for 2 minutes. What should be the next?
A) Wait for 3 minutes before declaring death
B) Attempt resuscitation
C) Declare that immediately
D) Call the police
  • 26. A victim died from respiratory failure due to lack of oxygen
A) Coma
B) Syncope
C) Asphyxia
D) Cardiac arrest
  • 27. A body is found with post more time lividity that is cherry red. What is the probable cause of death?
A) Both A and B
B) Carbon monoxide poisoning
C) Cyanide poisoning
  • 28. A corpse is found with skin that is pale and waxy and has lost elasticity. What post-mortem change is this?
A) Changes in the skin after death
B) Rigor mortis
C) Livor mortis
D) Algor mortis
  • 29. A forensic pathologist is examining a body and notes that the muscles of the face are stiff but the limbs are still flaccid. How long has the body likely been dead?
A) Less than 2 hours
B) More than 12 hours
C) 6-12 hours
D) 2-6 hours
  • 30. Which wound is most likely to cause that immediately after infliction
A) Superficial wound
B) Closed wound
C) Non-mortal wound
D) Mortal wound
  • 31. Which organ is NOT usually considered mortal if wounded
A) Skin
B) Heart
C) Lungs
D) Brain
  • 32. A wound caused by a blunt instrument is called:
A) Punctured wound
B) Incised wound
C) Stab wound
D) Contusion
  • 33. What is a wound caused by a sharp edge instrument
A) Contusion
B) Incised wound
C) Lacerated wound
D) Hematoma
  • 34. Which wound is produced by a sharp-pointed instrument
A) Abrasion
B) Punctured wound
C) Lacerated wound
D) Stab wound
  • 35. A wound that has both entry and exit points is called:
A) Contusion
B) Abrasion
C) Perforating wound
D) Lacerated wound
  • 36. In injury at the site of force application is:
A) Coup injury
B) Patterned wound
C) Lacerated wound
D) Contre-coup injury
  • 37. An injury found opposite the site of force application is:
A) Defense wound
B) Patterned wound
C) Coup injury
D) Contre-coup injury
  • 38. A wound resulting from self protection is called:
A) Lacerated wound
B) Defense wound
C) Self inflicted wound
D) Patterned wound
  • 39. A wound that reflects the shape of the object causing it is:
A) Coup injury
B) Superficial wound
C) Closed wound
D) Patterned wound
  • 40. A wound produced on oneself is called:
A) Defense wound
B) Self-inflicted wound
C) Coup injury
D) Patterned wound
  • 41. According to aristotle, at what day after conception does fetal animation occur?
A) 20th day
B) 50th day
C) 40th day
D) 30th day
  • 42. What did Numa Popilius decree regarding women dying during confinement?
A) None of the above
B) They should be buried immediately
C) They should be opened to save the child
D) They should be given a trial
  • 43. Who was the first police Surgeon or Forensic Pathologist?
A) Ambroise Pare
B) Dr. Rafael Genard y Mas
C) Paulus Zacchias
D) Antistius
  • 44. Death is defined medically as the complete cessation of which vital functions?
A) Central nervous system only
B) Cardiac and muscular only
C) Respiratory ,cardiac, and central nervous system
D) Respiratory and digestive only
  • 45. What happens to criminal liability upon death?
A) It is transferred to heirs
B) It is suspended
C) It is extinguished
D) It continues
  • 46. Immediate (primary) cause of death refers to:
A) Death caused quickly without complications
B) Death caused by poisoning only
C) Death caused by accident only
D) Death caused by slow disease progression
  • 47. What is somatic or clinical death
A) Death of individual cells
B) Death declared by family members
C) Temporary loss of consciousness
D) Complete sensation of brain, heart, and lung functions
  • 48. Which type of death involves the patient giving up prematurely?
A) Biologic death
B) Psychic death
C) Sociology death
D) Physiological death
  • 49. A man is found with a wound on his chest that passes through the body and exist from the back. What type of wound is this
A) Incised wound
B) Penetrating wound
C) Lacerated wound
D) Perforating wound
  • 50. A woman presents with a wound on her forearm that matches the shape of a belt buckle after being stuck. What is this wound called?
A) Self-inflicted wound
B) Coup injury
C) Defense wound
D) Patterned wound
  • 51. During an autopsy, a wound is found on the victims palm, likely caused by instinctive self protection against an attacker with a knife.
A) Patterned wound
B) Coup injury
C) Contre-coup injury
D) Defense wound
  • 52. A person working in a freezer for long hours develops swelling, discoloration, and tissue death in their fingers. What is the most likely diagnosed?
A) Trench foot
B) Frostbite
C) Heat stroke
D) Scald
  • 53. A victim is found with a gunshot wound to the abdomen. The wound is larger and more destructive than usual, and the firearm was discharged at closed range. What explains the severity?
A) The wound was accidental
B) The bullet was small
C) Discharge was close to the skin
D) The bullet was made over rubber
  • 54. After a car accident a patient is found to have a partial description in the ligamentous support of the ankle joint but no bone displacement.
A) Sprain
B) Strain
C) Fracture
D) Dislocation
  • 55. A young woman is examine after an alleged sexual assault. Her hymen is found to be lacerated. What is the medical term for this finding?
A) Cribiform hymen
B) False physical virginity
C) Defloration
D) Demi virginity
  • 56. A man is found hanging from a rope in his bedroom. The rope and anchorage are accessible, and there is evidence of movement of the rope as the body was suspended. What is the most likely manner of death?
A) Undetermined
B) Suicide
C) Homicide
D) Accident
  • 57. What is the first essential step in a homicide investigation
A) Establishing the fact of death
B) Interviewing witness
C) Collecting evidence
D) Arresting suspect
  • 58. Which mode of death results primarily brown failure of lighter brain centers
A) Asphyxia
B) Cardiac arrest
C) Coma
D) Syncope
  • 59. What is rigor mortis
A) This coloration of the body
B) Lost of corneal reflex
C) Stiffening of the body muscles after death
D) Cooling of the body
  • 60. How long does it generally take for the body to reach ambient temperature after death in tropical countries
A) 12-15 hours
B) 6-8hours
C) 24 hours
D) 1-3 hours
  • 61. What is the stage of secondary flaccidity
A) Discoloration of the skin
B) Cooling ng of the body
C) Muscle relaxation after rigor mortis disappears
D) Initial muscles stiffness
  • 62. What is a autolysis
A) Bacterial decomposition
B) Self-digestion of tissues by enzymes after death
C) Muscles tiffening
D) Cooling of the body
  • 63. Putrefaction involve:
A) Breaking down of proteins with foul-smelling gases
B) Loss of corneal reflex
C) Instantaneous muscles definition
D) Dehydration of the body
  • 64. Which of the following is a special modification of putrefaction
A) Maceration
B) All of the above
C) Mummification
D) Saponification
  • 65. What is the difference between autopsy and postmortem examination
A) Autopsy is done by police only
B) Both are the same
C) Postmortem includes internal examination; autopsy is external only
D) Autopsy includes internal examination; postmortem is external only
  • 66. What is the main purpose of medical legal or forensic autopsy
A) Determine medical cause of death for research
B) None of the above
C) Perform organ donation
D) Determine cause, manner, and time of death for legal purposes
  • 67. Which is not a general effect of heat
A) Frostbite
B) Heat cramps
C) Heat stroke
D) Heat exhaustion
  • 68. Painful muscle contractions due to dehydration are called
A) Heat cramps
B) Trench foot
C) Heat exhaustion
D) Heatstroke
  • 69. Heart failure caused by heat and exertion is:
A) Heat exhaustion
B) Frostbite
C) Heat stroke
D) Heat cramps
  • 70. A life threatening condition from high temperature is;
A) Heat cramps
B) Heat exhaustion
C) Scald
D) Heat stroke
  • 71. A burn caused by heat liquid is
A) Frostbite
B) Burn
C) Scald
D) Contusion
  • 72. All gunshot wounds result from the entry of
A) Rope
B) Projectile
C) Blunt object
D) Knife
  • 73. The closer the gun is to the skin, the;
A) Greater the damage
B) None of the above
C) No effect
D) Lesser the damage
  • 74. Which is not a sign of accidental gunshot wound
A) Usually one shot
B) No spatial area involved
C) Multiple wounds
D) Witness testimony
  • 75. Which is not a sign of homicidal gunshot wound
A) Firearm found at scene
B) Absence of weapon
C) Multiple entry sites
D) Signs of struggle
  • 76. Hanging is usually considered:
A) Homicide
B) Accidental
C) Suicidal
D) Undetermined
  • 77. Which is not a common method of suicide
A) Poisoning
B) Hanging
C) Drowning
D) Frostbite
  • 78. Accidental death is defined as death that:
A) Occurs beyond one's will
B) Is planned
C) Is always violent
D) Is self inflicted
  • 79. Rape is committed when there is
A) Slightest penetration
B) Full penetration
C) No penetration
D) Only oral contact
  • 80. A child falls and scrapes his knee resulting in the loss of the superficial layers of skin. What type of wound is this
A) Abrasion
B) Incised wound
C) Contusion
D) Lacerated wound
  • 81. Which is not an essential element of rape
A) Use of force or intimidation
B) Victim is always over 18
C) Offender is a man
D) Carnal knowledge
  • 82. Sexual assault under the anti rape law includes:
A) Inserting penis into mouth
B) Inserting object into genital or orifice
C) Both a and b
  • 83. Which is not evidence in rape investigation
A) Physical exam of victim
B) Victims height
C) Suspects clothing
D) Panty of victim
  • 84. Virginity is presumed when a woman is:
A) Over 40
B) Married
C) Single and good repetition
D) None of the above
  • 85. Defloration is:
A) Only hymen injury
B) None of the above
C) Only from sports
D) Laceration of hymen from sexual intercourse
  • 86. Demi virginity refers to:
A) None of the above
B) Complete abstinence
C) Never having sexual liberties
D) Permitting sexual liberties but not rupturing hymen
  • 87. Homosexuality is
A) Sexual desire towards animals
B) Sexual desire towards corpses
C) Sexual desire towards same sex
D) Sexual desire towards children
  • 88. Necrophilia is
A) Sexual desire towards corpses
B) Sexual desire towards same sex
C) Sexual desire towards animal
D) Sexual desire towards children
  • 89. What is the usual time frame for rigor mortis to disappear
A) 18-36 hours
B) 6-12 hours
C) 48-72 hours
D) 1 week
  • 90. What is the first sign of death in the eye
A) Loss of corneal reflex
B) Flaccidity of eyeball
C) Clouding of cornea
D) Pupil fixed in position of rest
  • 91. What is "Tache noir de la sclerotique"
A) Discoloration of nails
B) Post-mortem spots on sclera appearing hours after death
C) Bruise on the skin
D) Rigor mortis in eyelids
  • 92. What does heat application on skin after death produced
A) Redness around blister
B) No blister
C) Wet blister
D) Dry blister without fluid
  • 93. What is hypostatic lividity
A) Discoloration due to poisoning
B) Cooling of the body
C) Blood still fluid inside vessels; changes with body position
D) Blood coagulated inside vessels; does not change with position
  • 94. What is diffusion lividity
A) Discoloration due to heat
B) Blood coagulated inside vessels
C) Blood still fluid inside a vessels
D) Loss of corneal reflex
  • 95. What is the cause of death in syncope
A) Brain failure
B) Poisoning
C) Heart failure
D) Respiratory failure
  • 96. What is the cause of death in asphyxia
A) Brain failure
B) Poisoning
C) Respiratory failure due to lack of oxygen
D) Heart failure
  • 97. Which of the following is not a method of judicial death
A) Hanging
B) Electrocution
C) Lethal injection
D) Natural causes
  • 98. A body is found with rigor mortis fully developed and fix lividity. How long has the person likely been dead
A) 3-6 hours
B) Less than 3 hours
C) More than 1 week
D) 12 hours or more
  • 99. Which vital function must cease for death to be legally declared
A) Cardiac activity only
B) Respiratory only
C) Central nervous system activity only
D) All three; respiratory, cardiac, and central nervous system
  • 100. The first medico-legal laboratory in the philippines was established in
A) 1895
B) 1919
C) 1985
D) 1960
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