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Jaguar - Test
Contributed by: Newman
  • 1. What is the scientific name for a jaguar?
A) Panthera leo
B) Canis lupus
C) Felis catus
D) Panthera onca
  • 2. Where are jaguars primarily found?
A) Australia
B) Central and South America
C) Africa
D) Asia
  • 3. Which of the following best describes a jaguar's diet?
A) Insectivorous
B) Omnivorous
C) Carnivorous
D) Herbivorous
  • 4. Which of the following is true about jaguars?
A) They cannot climb trees
B) They are excellent swimmers
C) They are afraid of water
D) They hibernate in winter
  • 5. What special ability do jaguars have that allows them to kill prey quickly?
A) Powerful jaws and teeth
B) Camouflaging abilities
C) Poisonous venom
D) Teleportation
  • 6. What is the average lifespan of a jaguar in the wild?
A) 1-2 years
B) 5-8 years
C) 12-15 years
D) 20-25 years
  • 7. What type of climate do jaguars prefer?
A) Tropical rainforests
B) Deserts
C) Tundras
D) Mountains
  • 8. What is the main threat to jaguars in the wild?
A) Habitat loss and fragmentation
B) Climate change
C) Poaching
D) Invasive species
  • 9. What is the maximum body length of a jaguar?
A) Up to 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in)
B) Up to 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in)
C) Up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in)
D) Up to 1.6 m (5 ft 3 in)
  • 10. What is the primary color of a jaguar's coat?
A) Red
B) White
C) Grey
D) Pale yellow to tan
  • 11. How does the jaguar typically kill its prey?
A) By drowning it
B) By suffocating it
C) By breaking its neck
D) By biting directly through the skull between the ears
  • 12. What is a melanistic jaguar?
A) A jaguar with a black coat
B) A female jaguar
C) A jaguar with no spots
D) A juvenile jaguar
  • 13. Where did the ancestors of modern jaguars likely enter the Americas?
A) Via the land bridge that spanned the Bering Strait
B) Across the Atlantic Ocean
C) From Africa
D) Through the Panama Canal
  • 14. What is the IUCN Red List status of the jaguar?
A) Near Threatened
B) Vulnerable
C) Critically Endangered
D) Endangered
  • 15. How many Jaguar Conservation Units are there?
A) 51 large areas
B) 75 large areas
C) 100 large areas
D) 25 large areas
  • 16. What does the word 'jaguar' possibly derive from?
A) A Latin word for lion
B) The Tupi-Guarani word yaguara meaning 'wild beast that overcomes its prey at a bound'
C) A Greek word for panther
D) An Old English word for tiger
  • 17. What does the suffix 'eté' in jaguareté mean?
A) 'True beast'
B) 'Wild animal'
C) 'Fierce predator'
D) 'Small cat'
  • 18. Which civilization did not feature jaguars prominently in their mythology?
A) The Maya
B) The Inca
C) The Aztec
D) None, all featured jaguars
  • 19. What is the pronunciation of 'jaguar' in North America?
A) With four syllables
B) With three syllables
C) With one syllable
D) With two syllables
  • 20. What does the word 'onca' derive from?
A) A French word for cougar
B) A Spanish word for tiger
C) An English word for leopard
D) The Portuguese name onça for a spotted cat larger than a lynx
  • 21. In which year did Carl Linnaeus describe the jaguar in his work Systema Naturae?
A) 1758
B) 1834
C) 1939
D) 1901
  • 22. How many subspecies did Reginald Innes Pocock recognize in 1939?
A) Two
B) Nine
C) Eight
D) Three
  • 23. Which subspecies of jaguar was based on a fossil skull according to the text?
A) P. o. peruviana
B) P. o. hernandesii
C) P. o. goldmani
D) P. o. palustris
  • 24. Where was the type specimen for P. o. onca found?
A) Brazil
B) Mexico
C) Argentina
D) Peru
  • 25. What is the current taxonomic status of the jaguar as mentioned in the text?
A) A separate genus
B) Monotypic taxon
C) Polytypic with three subspecies
D) Polytypic with nine subspecies
  • 26. Which subspecies' type specimen was a jaguar skin from Yohatlan in Campeche, Mexico?
A) P. o. centralis
B) P. o. peruviana
C) P. o. hernandesii
D) P. o. goldmani
  • 27. Which subspecies was described based on a skull from Paraguay?
A) P. o. veraecrucis
B) P. o. arizonensis
C) P. o. palustris
D) P. o. paraguensis
  • 28. What percentage of the jaguar's prey in central Mexico is white-tailed deer?
A) 40%
B) 70%
C) 54%
D) 66%
  • 29. Which species is considered a sister species to the jaguar according to some genetic analyses?
A) Panthera gombaszogensis
B) The leopard
C) The tiger
D) The lion
  • 30. Which international agreement prohibits all commercial trade in jaguars or their body parts?
A) CITES Appendix I
B) Endangered Species Act
C) Migratory Bird Treaty Act
D) Convention on Biological Diversity
  • 31. Which culture used the jaguar as a symbol of power in ceramics?
A) Inca culture
B) Olméc culture
C) Moche culture
D) Maya civilization
  • 32. What percentage range has the jaguar population declined since the mid-1990s?
A) 40–45%
B) 10–15%
C) 30–35%
D) 20–25%
  • 33. What is the only remaining stronghold for jaguars?
A) Yucatán Peninsula
B) Argentine pampas
C) Mexican arid grasslands
D) Amazon rainforest
  • 34. Where was the first documented black jaguar in Northern Mexico photographed?
A) Baja California Desert
B) Yucatán Peninsula
C) Sierra Madre Occidental mountains
D) Chihuahuan Desert
  • 35. In which century was the jaguar last sighted north of Longs Peak in Colorado?
A) 19th century
B) 21st century
C) 18th century
D) 20th century
  • 36. On which list is the jaguar classified as Near Threatened since 2002?
A) WWF Endangered Species List
B) Global Biodiversity Assessment
C) CITES Appendix I
D) IUCN Red List
  • 37. What is the most common reason for jaguar attacks on humans?
A) When it had been cornered or wounded.
B) In search of food
C) During mating season
D) While hunting prey
  • 38. How much of its range had the jaguar lost by 2018 compared to the early 20th century?
A) 55%
B) 30%
C) 45%
D) 65%
  • 39. What type of forests have jaguars that are primarily active by night?
A) Amazon rainforest
B) Pantanal
C) Atlantic Forest
D) North Platte River region
  • 40. When did the international trade of jaguar skins decrease significantly due to a convention?
A) 1990
B) 1965
C) 1980
D) 1973
  • 41. Which subspecies' type specimen was a skin and skull from the vicinity of Cibecue, Arizona?
A) P. o. arizonensis
B) P. o. veraecrucis
C) P. o. centralis
D) P. o. peruviana
  • 42. What did Pocock express doubt about concerning jaguar subspecies?
A) The classification into the genus Panthera
B) The existence of any subspecies
C) The status of several subspecies
D) The morphological features shared with leopards
  • 43. How long does estrus last for a female jaguar?
A) 3–5 days
B) 10–20 days
C) 7–15 days
D) 30–40 days
  • 44. What adaptation allows jaguars to pierce turtle shells?
A) Long teeth.
B) Sharp claws.
C) Strong bite force.
D) Heavy body weight.
  • 45. When were two cases of infanticide by a male jaguar documented in the northern Pantanal?
A) 2008
B) 2020
C) 2013
D) 2001
  • 46. What is the average bite force at the canine tip for a jaguar?
A) 4.939 kN (1,110 lbf)
B) 118.6
C) 6.922 kN (1,556 lbf)
D) 887.0 Newton
  • 47. Which country had 31 jaguars seized in relation to trade?
A) Bolivia
B) Peru
C) China
D) Brazil
  • 48. Which highway forms the northern boundary of the Jaguar Recovery Unit in Arizona and New Mexico?
A) Interstate 5
B) Interstate 10
C) Interstate 40
D) Interstate 20
  • 49. From which region did the lineage of the jaguar originate before spreading to Eurasia?
A) South America
B) Asia
C) North America
D) Africa
  • 50. What is the weight range for most jaguars?
A) 158 kg (348 lb) and above
B) 56–96 kg (123–212 lb)
C) 36–50 kg (79–110 lb)
D) 95 kg (209 lb) only
  • 51. Until what year did the jaguar persist in California?
A) 1948
B) 1860
C) 1963
D) 1996
  • 52. What was the estimated range of jaguars at the turn of the 20th century?
A) 15,000,000 km2
B) 8,750,000 km2
C) 10,000,000 km2
D) 19,000,000 km2
  • 53. What is the role of the jaguar in its ecosystem?
A) Scavenger
B) Apex predator
C) Herbivore
D) Prey species
  • 54. In which Peruvian cities were jaguar skins and body parts seen for sale between August 2016 and August 2019?
A) Lima, Iquitos, Pucallpa
B) Arequipa, Lima, Chiclayo
C) Cusco, Arequipa, Trujillo
D) Puno, Juliaca, Huaraz
  • 55. What is a major threat to jaguars across their range, particularly in drier regions?
A) Natural predators
B) Overhunting by indigenous people
C) Deforestation
D) Climate change
  • 56. Which subspecies' type specimen was a skull from Mazatlán in Mexico?
A) P. o. centralis
B) P. o. peruviana
C) P. o. goldmani
D) P. o. hernandesii
  • 57. In which U.S. states have jaguars been occasionally sighted?
A) Arizona, New Mexico, Texas
B) California, Nevada, Utah
C) Washington, Oregon, Idaho
D) Florida, Georgia, Alabama
  • 58. What percentage of its range was the jaguar extirpated from in Venezuela since 1940?
A) 15%
B) 26%
C) 35%
D) 40%
  • 59. In which year was a female jaguar shot in the White Mountains of Arizona?
A) 1963
B) 1948
C) 1996
D) 1860
  • 60. Which land bridge allowed the ancestor of the jaguar to enter the American continent?
A) Land bridge in Southeast Asia
B) Beringia
C) Suez Land Bridge
D) Isthmus of Panama
  • 61. When was the first official record of a jaguar killing a human in Brazil?
A) January 2010
B) March 2005
C) December 2012
D) June 2008
  • 62. In which year was the Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary established in Belize?
A) 1986
B) 2012
C) 1999
D) 2005
  • 63. What vocalization do female jaguars use to keep in contact with their offspring?
A) Meowing
B) Prusten
C) Roaring
D) Grunting
  • 64. How many jaguar fangs were seized between 2014 and early 2019, originating from Bolivia?
A) 900
B) 500
C) 850
D) 760
  • 65. What is the primary threat to jaguars in Mexico?
A) Climate change
B) Poaching
C) Natural predators
D) Disease
  • 66. In which year did Arizona outlaw jaguar hunting?
A) 1984
B) 1969
C) 1948
D) 1996
  • 67. In which year was the Jaguar Recovery Plan published?
A) August 2012
B) January 2015
C) March 2020
D) April 2019
  • 68. In which Brazilian state were historical photographs of jaguars taken until at least 1984?
A) Santa Catarina
B) Rio de Janeiro
C) Bahia
D) São Paulo
  • 69. How does the jaguar hunt its prey?
A) Stalk-and-ambush strategy.
B) Use tools to capture.
C) Trap in burrows.
D) Chase and pounce.
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