- 1. The Biafo Glacier is a prominent feature in the Karakoram Range. This glacial system is known for its immense size and significance to the region's hydrology. What is the approximate length of the Biafo Glacier?
A) 63 km
B) 20 km
C) 100 km
D) 45 km
- 2. The Biafo Glacier is part of a larger network of glaciers. It merges with another major glacier, forming one of the longest glacial systems outside the polar regions. Which glacier does the Biafo Glacier merge with?
A) Chogo Lungma Glacier
B) Hispar Glacier
C) Baltoro Glacier
D) Siachen Glacier
- 3. The confluence of the Biafo and Hispar glaciers creates a unique geographical feature. This combined glacial mass is a significant trekking destination. What is the combined length of the Biafo-Hispar Glacier system?
A) 90 km
B) 130 km
C) 150 km
D) 110 km
- 4. The Biafo Glacier is located in which mountain range?
A) Himalayas
B) Karakoram
C) Hindu Kush
D) Pamirs
- 5. Which country is the Biafo Glacier located in?
A) India
B) Pakistan
C) China
D) Afghanistan
- 6. The Biafo Glacier is a major source of meltwater for which river system?
A) Shyok River
B) Indus River
C) Braldu River
D) Hunza River
- 7. The Biafo Glacier is a popular destination for mountaineers and trekkers. Which famous pass is located at the confluence of the Biafo and Hispar glaciers?
A) Karakoram Pass
B) Batura Pass
C) Khunjerab Pass
D) Hispar La
- 8. The Biafo Glacier is an example of a temperate valley glacier. What is a characteristic of this type of glacier?
A) They are typically much smaller and have less ice flow than polar glaciers.
B) They are temperate, meaning their ice temperature is at or near the melting point throughout.
C) They are characterized by a high degree of ice metamorphism and low density.
D) They are primarily found in polar regions and are very cold.
- 9. Glacial retreat is a concern globally. What is the general observed trend for the Biafo Glacier in recent decades?
A) No significant change observed.
B) Mixed trends, with some parts stable and others retreating.
C) Consistent and rapid advance.
D) Consistent and rapid retreat.
- 10. The Biafo Glacier's ice is a crucial resource for downstream communities. What is one of the primary uses of the meltwater from the Biafo Glacier?
A) Industrial purposes
B) Hydroelectric power generation
C) Tourism and recreation
D) Irrigation and drinking water
- 11. The geology surrounding the Biafo Glacier is significant. It is bordered by several high peaks. Which of these is NOT a peak bordering the Biafo Glacier?
A) K2
B) Trango Towers
C) Masherbrum
D) Latok I
- 12. The Biafo Glacier is part of a larger glacial region. Which other major glacier is often discussed in conjunction with the Biafo and Hispar glaciers due to its proximity and importance?
A) Gasherbrum Glacier
B) Chogolisa Glacier
C) Baltoro Glacier
D) Sia La Glacier
- 13. The process by which glaciers move is called glacial flow. What are the main mechanisms of glacial flow?
A) Sublimation and evaporation
B) Creep and erosion
C) Internal deformation and basal sliding
D) Thermal expansion and contraction
- 14. The Biafo Glacier's surface is not smooth. It contains features formed by glacial processes. What are crevasses on a glacier?
A) Smooth, polished areas of ice
B) Deep cracks or fissures in the ice
C) Accumulations of rock debris on the surface
D) Meltwater channels
- 15. The term 'moraine' refers to material deposited by a glacier. What are lateral moraines associated with the Biafo Glacier?
A) Ridges of debris along the sides of the glacier
B) Fine-grained sediment deposited by meltwater streams
C) A large pile of debris at the glacier's snout
D) Mounds of rock within the glacier's ice
- 16. The Biafo Glacier is an important indicator of climate change. How do scientists study the historical climate from glaciers like the Biafo?
A) By analyzing ice cores
B) By observing the surrounding vegetation
C) By tracking the movement of icebergs
D) By measuring the glacier's width
- 17. The Karakoram region, where the Biafo Glacier is located, is known for its unique geological setting. This region is a convergence zone of tectonic plates. Which plates are involved?
A) South American and Nazca plates
B) African and Eurasian plates
C) Indian and Eurasian plates
D) Pacific and North American plates
- 18. The Biafo Glacier plays a role in shaping the landscape. What geological process is significantly influenced by glacial erosion?
A) Formation of river deltas
B) Formation of U-shaped valleys
C) Creation of volcanic craters
D) Deposition of sand dunes
- 19. The Biafo Glacier is a habitat for certain flora and fauna, although the environment is harsh. What is a common characteristic of plant life found at high altitudes near glaciers?
A) Large, flowering trees
B) Aquatic plants in glacial lakes
C) Dense, tropical forests
D) Low-growing, hardy vegetation
- 20. The accessibility of the Biafo Glacier is challenging. What is the primary mode of transport for reaching the glacier's vicinity?
A) Helicopters
B) Automobiles
C) Trains
D) Trekking
- 21. The Biafo Glacier is part of a protected area. What is the primary purpose of such designations?
A) Large-scale mining operations
B) Extensive urban development
C) Agricultural expansion
D) Conservation of natural resources and biodiversity
- 22. The meltwater from the Biafo Glacier contributes to seasonal river flows. What is a potential consequence of rapid glacial melt in terms of water availability?
A) Constant and predictable water supply.
B) Complete drying up of rivers.
C) A significant decrease in overall water volume.
D) Increased water availability in the short term, followed by reduced availability.
- 23. The term 'ablation' refers to the loss of ice from a glacier. What are the main processes of ablation on the Biafo Glacier?
A) Deposition and freezing
B) Accumulation and compaction
C) Melting and sublimation
D) Cracking and erosion
- 24. The Biafo Glacier is a crucial component of the Karakoram hydrological system. What is the significance of this system for the broader region?
A) It has minimal impact on the regional water supply.
B) It provides water for millions of people in downstream arid areas.
C) It primarily serves as a recreational area for local populations.
D) It is a major source of freshwater for Antarctica.
- 25. The visual landscape of the Biafo Glacier is striking. What are some common colors or appearances of glacial ice?
A) Black, brown, and grey
B) Purple, pink, and neon green
C) White, blue, and sometimes greenish
D) Red, orange, and yellow
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