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Hernán Cortés - Quiz
Contributed by: Buck
  • 1. In what year did Velázquez put Cortés in command of an expedition?
A) 1519
B) 1517
C) 1520
D) 1518
  • 2. What was the purpose of the expedition Velázquez put Cortés in command of?
A) To establish a trade route to Asia
B) To conquer South America and find spices
C) To map the coastline of Florida
D) To explore and secure the interior of Mexico for colonization
  • 3. Why did Velázquez change his mind and revoke Cortés's charter?
A) Because Cortés lacked sailing experience
B) Due to an old argument between the two
C) Because the King ordered him to cancel it
D) Because Cortés ran out of money
  • 4. In what month and year did Cortés set sail in open mutiny?
A) February 1519
B) January 1518
C) December 1518
D) March 1520
  • 5. Where did Cortés stop to hire more soldiers and obtain more horses?
A) Veracruz
B) Havana, Cuba
C) San Juan de Ulúa
D) Trinidad, Cuba
  • 6. How many ships accompanied Cortés when he landed on the Yucatán Peninsula?
A) About 2 ships
B) About 11 ships
C) About 5 ships
D) About 20 ships
  • 7. How many men accompanied Cortés initially on his expedition?
A) 1,100 men
B) 600 men
C) 200 men
D) 500 men
  • 8. What type of slaves were included among Cortés's men?
A) Translators captured in the Caribbean
B) Skilled blacksmiths and shipbuilders from Spain
C) "Seasoned" slaves accustomed to the climate, foods, and diseases of post-1492 America
D) Newly captured slaves from the African coast
  • 9. How many horses did Cortés have when he landed in Maya territory?
A) 5 horses
B) 15 horses
C) 50 horses
D) 13 horses
  • 10. Where did Cortés land after leaving Cuba?
A) Veracruz
B) Tenochtitlán
C) San Juan de Ulúa
D) The Yucatán Peninsula in Maya territory
  • 11. Who did Cortés encounter in Maya territory who had survived a shipwreck?
A) Geronimo de Aguilar
B) Pánfilo de Narváez
C) Pedro de Alvarado
D) Xicotencatl the Elder
  • 12. What was Geronimo de Aguilar's profession before his shipwreck?
A) Spanish soldier
B) Spanish merchant
C) Spanish Franciscan priest
D) Portuguese navigator
  • 13. What language had Geronimo de Aguilar learned during his captivity with the Maya?
A) Nahuatl language
B) Chontal Maya language
C) Latin
D) Quechua
  • 14. How would you describe Cortés's military experience before the expedition?
A) Extensive and decorated
B) Gained in previous South American campaigns
C) Highly praised by Velázquez
D) Almost nonexistent
  • 15. In what month and year did Cortés formally claim the land for the Spanish crown?
A) March 1519
B) February 1519
C) July 1519
D) November 1519
  • 16. After winning a battle against American Indians in Tabasco, how many young Amerindian women did Cortés receive?
A) Twenty
B) Fifty
C) Ten
D) Five
  • 17. What did Cortés do with the twenty young Amerindian women he received in Tabasco?
A) He sent them back to Spain
B) He converted them all to Christianity
C) He freed them immediately
D) He traded them for horses
  • 18. Who was Cortés's future mistress and the mother of his son Martín?
A) La Malinche
B) Pitalpitoque
C) Xicotencatl
D) Tendile
  • 19. What languages did La Malinche know, allowing communication with the Aztecs through Aguilar?
A) Spanish and Latin
B) Chontal Maya and Spanish
C) Quechua and Nahuatl
D) Nahuatl and Chontal Maya
  • 20. Who were the Aztec Empire governors Cortés met at San Juan de Ulúa on Easter Sunday 1519?
A) Narváez and Alvarado
B) Tendile and Pitalpitoque
C) Maxixcatzin and Aguilar
D) Moctezuma II and Xicotencatl
  • 21. In what month and year did Cortés's men take over Veracruz?
A) July 1519
B) April 1520
C) August 1519
D) March 1519
  • 22. By taking over Veracruz, whose authority did Cortés dismiss to place himself directly under King Charles?
A) The Viceroy of Peru
B) The governor of Cuba
C) The Council of the Indies
D) The Bishop of Burgos
  • 23. What drastic action did Cortés take in Veracruz to eliminate any ideas of retreat?
A) He executed his captains
B) He gave away all his weapons
C) He scuttled his ships
D) He burned all the food supplies
  • 24. Who was the tlatoani (ruler) of the Aztec Empire whom Cortés wanted to meet?
A) Pitalpitoque
B) Moctezuma II
C) Tendile
D) Xicotencatl
  • 25. When did Cortés march on Tenochtitlán?
A) February 1519
B) Mid-August 1519
C) November 1519
D) July 1519
  • 26. How many men did Cortés leave behind in Veracruz when marching on Tenochtitlán?
A) Fifty men
B) Five hundred men
C) A hundred men
D) Two hundred men
  • 27. How many soldiers accompanied Cortés on his march to Tenochtitlán?
A) 1,100 soldiers
B) 1,000 soldiers
C) 500 soldiers
D) 600 soldiers
  • 28. How many horsemen accompanied Cortés on his march to Tenochtitlán?
A) 60 horsemen
B) 13 horsemen
C) 15 horsemen
D) 25 horsemen
  • 29. Which American Indian groups did Cortés make strong alliances with on the way to Tenochtitlán?
A) The Otomis and the Cholulans
B) The Aztecs and the Mayas
C) The people of Tabasco and Hispaniola
D) The Totonacs of Cempoala and the Nahuas of Tlaxcala
  • 30. Which groups clashed with the Spanish in a series of three battles from 2 to 5 September 1519?
A) The Totonacs and the Aztecs
B) The Cholulans and the Mayas
C) The forces of Velázquez and Narváez
D) The Otomis and then the Tlaxcalans
  • 31. Who persuaded Tlaxcalan warleader Xicotencatl the Younger to ally with the Spanish?
A) Xicotencatl the Elder and Maxixcatzin
B) Geronimo de Aguilar and La Malinche
C) Moctezuma II and Tendile
D) Pedro de Alvarado and Pánfilo de Narváez
  • 32. In what month and year did Cortés and his men march to Cholula?
A) October 1519
B) August 1519
C) November 1519
D) July 1519
  • 33. What was Cholula's status in central Mexico?
A) The religious center of the Tlaxcalans
B) The capital of the Aztec Empire
C) The largest port city
D) The second-largest pre-Columbian city
  • 34. How many Tlaxcalteca accompanied Cortés to Cholula?
A) About 1,000
B) About 100
C) About 500
D) About 5,000
  • 35. What action did Cortés take in Cholula against the unarmed nobility gathered at the central plaza?
A) He converted them to Christianity and released them
B) He took them all as hostages to Tenochtitlán
C) He forced them to rebuild his ships
D) He massacred thousands of them and partially burned the city
  • 36. On what exact date were the Spaniards peacefully received by Moctezuma II in Tenochtitlán?
A) 1 July 1520
B) 30 June 1520
C) 8 November 1519
D) 25 September 1519
  • 37. Why did Moctezuma deliberately let Cortés enter the island city of Tenochtitlán?
A) To establish a joint trade agreement
B) Hoping to get to know their weaknesses better and crush them later
C) Because he believed Cortés was truly a god
D) To surrender his empire peacefully
  • 38. What gifts did Moctezuma give to the Spaniards that excited their ambitions for plunder?
A) Lavish gifts of gold
B) Cattle and horses
C) Spices and cocoa beans
D) Silver and precious textiles
  • 39. According to Cortés's letters to King Charles, who did the Aztecs believe Cortés might be?
A) Quetzalcoatl or an emissary of Quetzalcoatl
B) The sun god Huitzilopochtli
C) The governor of Cuba
D) An Aztec ancestor returned from the dead
  • 40. What news made Cortés decide to take Moctezuma as a hostage in his palace?
A) Tlaxcala had broken their alliance
B) Moctezuma had fled the capital city
C) Narváez had landed with a large army
D) Several Spaniards on the coast had been killed by Aztecs while supporting the Totonacs
  • 41. Who led the second expedition sent by Velázquez to oppose Cortés?
A) Pedro de Alvarado
B) Pánfilo de Narváez
C) Xicotencatl the Younger
D) Geronimo de Aguilar
  • 42. In what month and year did Pánfilo de Narváez arrive in Mexico?
A) July 1519
B) November 1519
C) June 1520
D) April 1520
  • 43. How many men did Pánfilo de Narváez bring with him to Mexico?
A) 200 men
B) 600 men
C) 500 men
D) 1,100 men
  • 44. How many men did Cortés leave behind in Tenochtitlán when he went to confront Narváez?
A) 200 men
B) 1,000 men
C) 600 men
D) 100 men
  • 45. What was the outcome of the confrontation between Cortés and Narváez?
A) Narváez defeated Cortés and imprisoned him in Veracruz
B) Cortés overcame Narváez and convinced his men to join him
C) They negotiated a treaty to share Mexico
D) Cortés was captured and sent back to Cuba
  • 46. Which of Cortés's lieutenants committed a massacre in the Great Temple that triggered a local rebellion?
A) Geronimo de Aguilar
B) Pánfilo de Narváez
C) Tendile
D) Pedro de Alvarado
  • 47. On what date was Moctezuma killed?
A) 8 November 1519
B) 25 September 1519
C) 1 July 1520
D) 30 June 1520
  • 48. According to Spanish accounts, how was Moctezuma killed?
A) He died of a sudden illness in the palace
B) He was poisoned by Pedro de Alvarado
C) He was stoned to death by his own people
D) He was executed by Cortés for treason
  • 49. What alternative claim is made regarding Moctezuma's death?
A) He was killed by Tlaxcalan warriors during a raid
B) He was murdered by the Spaniards once they realized his inability to placate the locals
C) He escaped the city and died in the jungle
D) He committed ritual suicide in the Great Temple
  • 50. Where did Cortés decide to flee after facing a hostile population in Tenochtitlán?
A) Tlaxcala
B) Veracruz
C) Cholula
D) Havana
  • 51. During what dates did the Noche Triste take place?
A) April – May 1520
B) 2 – 5 September 1519
C) 30 June – 1 July 1520
D) 8 November 1519
  • 52. Across which causeway did the Spaniards make their narrow escape from Tenochtitlán?
A) The Tlacopan causeway
B) The Cempoala causeway
C) The Cholula causeway
D) The Veracruz causeway
  • 53. What happened to the rearguard of the Spaniards during their escape from Tenochtitlán?
A) They deserted and joined Moctezuma
B) They captured the Aztec leaders
C) They successfully held off the Aztecs
D) They were massacred
  • 54. What was lost during the panicked escape from Tenochtitlán besides much of the looted treasure?
A) La Malinche
B) His artillery
C) All of their horses
D) Geronimo de Aguilar
  • 55. Which German artist created an illustration of Hernán Cortés in his Trachtenbuch?
A) Francisco López de Gómara
B) Bernal Díaz del Castillo
C) Christoph Weiditz
D) Bartolomé de las Casas
  • 56. Whose written account provides a detailed description of Cortés's physical appearance?
A) Francisco López de Gómara
B) Bartolomé de las Casas
C) Bernal Díaz del Castillo
D) Christoph Weiditz
  • 57. How was the color of Cortés's face described by Bernal Díaz del Castillo?
A) Very pale
B) Somewhat grey
C) Bright and rosy
D) Darkly tanned
  • 58. Around what year was Hernán Cortés born?
A) 1492
B) 1504
C) 1450
D) 1485
  • 59. What was the name of Cortés's mother?
A) Leonor Sanchez Pizarro
B) Juana Cortés
C) Catalína Pizarro
D) Isabella of Castile
  • 60. Who conquered the Inca Empire according to the text?
A) Martín Cortés
B) Christopher Columbus
C) Francisco Pizarro
D) Hernán Cortés
  • 61. At what age was Cortés sent to study Latin?
A) 18
B) 14
C) 16
D) 12
  • 62. What career had Cortés's parents hoped he would be equipped for?
A) The priesthood
B) A career in farming
C) A military career
D) A profitable legal career
  • 63. Where did Cortés gain experience as a notary after Valladolid?
A) Salamanca
B) Extremadura
C) Hispaniola
D) Medellín
  • 64. Whose discoveries in the New World were trending back in Spain during Cortés's youth?
A) Hernán Cortés
B) Francisco Pizarro
C) Bartolomé de las Casas
D) Christopher Columbus
  • 65. In what year did Hernán Cortés die?
A) 1541
B) 1843
C) 1547
D) 1519
  • 66. What empire did Cortés conquer?
A) Aztec Empire
B) Maya Empire
C) Spanish Empire
D) Inca Empire
  • 67. What was the name of Cortés's personal interpreter?
A) Catalina
B) Isabella
C) Juana
D) Doña Marina
  • 68. In what year did Cortés return to Spain for the last time?
A) 1547
B) 1843
C) 1519
D) 1541
  • 69. What was Cortés's role in the second Spanish town founded in Cuba?
A) Governor
B) Captain General
C) Alcalde
D) Viceroy
  • 70. Who wrote 'Conquest of Mexico' in 1843?
A) William H. Prescott
B) Hernán Cortés
C) Diego Velázquez
D) Antonio de Mendoza
  • 71. To whom did Cortés write letters directly to ask for acknowledgement instead of punishment?
A) The viceroy
B) The governor of Cuba
C) The king
D) The Pope
  • 72. Who commanded the ship that took Cortés to Hispaniola?
A) Diego Velázquez
B) Alonso Quintero
C) Francisco Hernández de Córdoba
D) Juan de Grijalva
  • 73. What was the capital of Hispaniola where Cortés arrived in 1504?
A) Santiago
B) Santo Domingo
C) Azua de Compostela
D) Cádiz
  • 74. How old was Cortés when he arrived in Hispaniola and registered as a citizen?
A) 15
B) 18
C) 21
D) 26
  • 75. What official position was Cortés appointed to in the town of Azua de Compostela?
A) Governor
B) Notary
C) Municipal magistrate
D) Treasurer
  • 76. In which years did Cortés take part in the conquests of Hispaniola and Cuba?
A) 1504
B) 1506
C) 1511
D) 1518
  • 77. How old was Cortés when he was made clerk to the treasurer in Cuba?
A) 26
B) 18
C) 22
D) 30
  • 78. What is the term for the customary one-fifth of the profits from the expedition meant for the Crown?
A) Quinto
B) Encomienda
C) Bonanza
D) Alcalde
  • 79. What political position did Governor Velázquez appoint Cortés to in Santiago?
A) Governor's secretary
B) Treasurer
C) Captain general
D) Municipal magistrate
  • 80. Who was the sister-in-law of Governor Velázquez that Cortés became romantically involved with?
A) Taíno
B) Catalina Xuárez
C) Grijalva
D) Alonso Quintero
  • 81. What did Cortés construct in the lake during the siege to avoid urban fighting?
A) Rafts
B) Fortresses
C) Galleons
D) Brigantines
  • 82. To which location did the Mexicas fall back during the siege?
A) Cuba
B) Tlaxcala
C) Tlatelolco
D) Pánuco
  • 83. Who was the tlatoani of Tenochtitlán whose capture on August 13, 1521, marked the conquest of the Aztecs?
A) Antonio de Villafana
B) Cuauhtémoc
C) Francisco de Garay
D) Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar
  • 84. What title was NOT given to Cortés by King Charles?
A) Governor
B) Viceroy
C) Captain general
D) Chief justice
  • 85. How many royal officials were appointed to assist and closely observe Cortés in his governing?
A) Two
B) Four
C) Three
D) Five
  • 86. What system was imposed by Cortés in 1524 after extending Spanish rule?
A) The hacienda system
B) The feudal system
C) The encomienda system
D) The mita system
  • 87. In what year was the royal grant of arms given to Cortés?
A) 1522
B) 1526
C) 1525
D) 1529
  • 88. Whose authority did Cortés flout when sailing to the mainland?
A) Moctezuma
B) Diego Velázquez
C) Martín Cortés
D) Cuauhtemoc
  • 89. How many Aztec emperors are represented by the three crowns in one of the quadrants?
A) Three
B) Two
C) Seven
D) Four
  • 90. How are the defeated lords of the city-states depicted in the coat of arms?
A) As rulers sitting on golden thrones
B) As headless statues surrounding the shield
C) As prisoners bound with a chain closed with a lock beneath the shield
D) As soldiers holding swords
  • 91. What was the popular nickname for Cortés's illegitimate son Martín?
A) "The Conqueror"
B) "El Mestizo"
C) "Don Martín"
D) "The Marquess"
  • 92. In what year was Cortés accorded the noble designation of don?
A) 1522
B) 1529
C) 1526
D) 1525
  • 93. How many children were produced by Cortés's marriage to Doña Juana de Zúñiga?
A) One child
B) Two children
C) Four children
D) Three children
  • 94. Whom did Cortés ask the king to petition for special powers for the religious orders?
A) The general of each order
B) The local indigenous leaders
C) The Council of the Indies
D) The pope
  • 95. When did the first group of Franciscans arrive in Mexico?
A) May 1524
B) May 1519
C) December 1530
D) January 1521
  • 96. What title did the Franciscans use to describe Cortés for opening Mexico to Christian evangelization?
A) The protector of the realm
B) The defender of the faith
C) The new Moses
D) The apostle of the West
  • 97. In what year did Motolinia write his response praising Cortés in defense against Bartolomé de Las Casas?
A) 1555
B) 1519
C) 1524
D) 1585
  • 98. How many officials made up the Tribunal de Cuentas set up by Charles V?
A) Five
B) Three
C) Six
D) Four
  • 99. Who persuaded the Council of the Indies in Seville to release Salazar and Almíndez Chirino?
A) Cortés
B) Albornoz
C) Zuazo
D) Estrada
  • 100. When did Cortés sail for Spain to appeal directly to Emperor Charles V?
A) 1524
B) Mid 1527
C) Late 1526
D) Early 1528
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