- 1. Behavior that is outwardly manifested and directly observable is considered:
A) Covert behavior
B) Unconscious behavior
C) Overt behavior
D) Complex behavior
- 2. An act done with full volition or will is considered:
A) Involuntary behavior
B) Irrational behavior
C) Rational behavior
D) Voluntary behavior
- 3. A volunteer consistently helps people in need, driven by a strong moral compass and a desire to do what is right. Which part of the superego is most likely influencing this behavior?
A) Id
B) Ego-ideal
C) Ego
D) Super-Ego
- 4. John is furious after being passed over for a promotion at work. Instead of confronting his boss, he goes home and yells at his family. Which defense mechanism is John most likely using?
A) Sublimation
B) Rationalization
C) Displacement
D) Repression
- 5. Mary is in denial about her alcohol addiction, insisting she only drinks socially and doesn't have a problem. Which defense mechanism is Mary using?
A) Denial
B) Regression
C) Projection
D) Intellectualization
- 6. A student who is anxious about failing an exam says, "It doesn't matter if I fail, the class is boring anyway." Which defense mechanism is the student using?
A) Sweet-Lemon Rationalization
B) Sublimation
C) Sour-Grape Rationalization
D) Reaction Formation
- 7. After experiencing a traumatic event, a person begins to study psychology and becomes an expert on trauma. Which defense mechanism might they be using?
A) Intellectualization
B) Repression
C) Regression
D) Projection
- 8. A person who is attracted to someone they shouldn't be (e.g., a friend's partner) acts aggressively and hostile towards that person. Which defense mechanism might they be using?
A) Sublimation
B) Reaction Formation
C) Rationalization
D) Displacement
- 9. A child who is being bullied at school starts wetting the bed again, even though they have been potty-trained for years. Which defense mechanism is the child using?
A) Denial
B) Projection
C) Regression
D) Repression
- 10. Instead of admitting his shortcomings, Mark consistently blames his team members for project failures. Which defense mechanism is Mark displaying?
A) Displacement
B) Scapegoating
C) Sublimation
D) Intellectualization
- 11. An individual who is experiencing a great deal of stress starts spending hours playing video games to escape their problems. Which type of mechanism are they using?
A) Reaction Formation
B) Compensation
C) Sublimation
D) Avoidance (Fantasy)
- 12. After being criticized for her poor performance at work, Susan dedicates herself to mastering new skills and becoming the best employee in her department. Which defense mechanism is Susan using?
A) Overcompensation
B) Compensation
C) Rationalization
D) Regression
- 13. Tom suppresses his grief and sadness after the death of a loved one by consciously distracting himself with work and social activities. Which defense mechanism is Tom using?
A) Suppression
B) Repression
C) Projection
D) Denial
- 14. Which part of the personality operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification?
A) Superego
B) Conscience
C) Id
D) Ego
- 15. The ego operates according to the principle.
A) Reality
B) Pleasure
C) Morality
D) Ideal
- 16. A child learns to control their impulses and delay gratification in order to achieve long-term goals. This is an example of the developmental shift from:
A) Pleasure to Reality
B) Incompetence to Competence
C) Diffuse to Articulated Self - identity
D) Dependence to Self-direction
- 17. Which of the following is a developmental task of adolescence?
A) Learning to control bowel movements
B) Assisting teenage children to become responsible and happy adults
C) Achieving new and more mature relations with age mates of both sexes
D) Adjusting to retirement and reduced income
- 18. Judging a person based on stereotypes about their age is an example of the influence of:
A) Social expectations
B) Individual differences
C) Traditional beliefs
D) Developmental tasks
- 19. A teenager begins to make independent decisions about their future, such as choosing a college and career path. This illustrates the developmental characteristic of:
A) Incompetence to Competence
B) Pleasure to Reality
C) Ignorance to Knowledge
D) Dependence to Self-direction
- 20. What is the primary purpose of developmental tasks?
A) To limit individual potential and creativity.
B) To ensure that all individuals develop in the same way.
C) To provide guidelines for what societies expect of individuals at given ages.
D) To provide a rigid set of rules for behavior.
- 21. Two children are exposed to the same learning environment, but one excels while the other struggles. Which principle of development best explains this difference?
A) All individuals are different.
B) Development is aided by stimulation.
C) Early foundation is critical.
D) Development follows a definite and predictable pattern.
- 22. A child who immigrates to a new country may experience changes in their values and beliefs due to:
A) Maturation
B) Cultural Changes
C) Maturation
D) Genetic factors
- 23. Why is it important to understand that development follows a definite and predictable pattern?
A) To ensure that all individuals conform to the same standards.
B) To predict behavior at a given age and plan appropriate education and training.
C) To discourage creativity and independent thinking.
D) To eliminate individual differences in learning styles.
- 24. A child who immigrates to a new country may experience changes in their values and beliefs due to:
A) Cultural changes
B) Equilibrium
C) Genetic factors
D) Maturation
- 25. Why is it important to understand that development follows a definite and predictable pattern?
A) To ensure that all individuals conform to the same standards.
B) To eliminate individual differences in learning styles.
C) To predict behavior at a given age and plan appropriate education and training.
D) To discourage creativity and independent thinking.
- 26. A student with exceptional athletic ability struggles with academic subjects. This situation illustrates that:
A) Maturation sets limits beyond which progress, even with motivation, is impossible.
B) Maturation guarantees success in all areas of development.
C) Learning is the sole determinant of success.
D) Maturation and learning are unrelated processes.
- 27. At what stage of development does the development of fundamental skills in reading, writing, and calculating typically occur?
A) Early Adulthood
B) Early Childhood
C) Adolescence
D) Late Childhood
- 28. A teenager experiences difficulty adapting to the physical and emotional changes of puberty, leading to social withdrawal. This situation illustrates:
A) Maturation
B) Learning
C) Disequilibrium
D) Equilibrium
- 29. A child is naturally talented in music but lacks formal training. Which statement best reflects the interrelationship of maturation and learning in this scenario?
A) Maturation is irrelevant; the child needs formal training to develop musical skills.
B) Maturation sets limits beyond which progress is impossible, regardless of learning.
C) Maturation provides the foundation, but learning through practice and instruction is needed to fully develop the talent.
D) Learning is irrelevant; the child's natural talent will be sufficient for success.
- 30. A person sees a red light and understands that they need to stop their car. This understanding is a result of:
A) Sensation
B) Perception
C) Awareness
D) Inherited Behavior
- 31. A detective smells smoke at a crime scene. What is the initial process by which the detective's body responds to the smoke?
A) Interpretation
B) Awareness
C) Sensation
D) Perception
- 32. A young child frequently puts objects in their mouth and seeks comfort from sucking their thumb. According to Freud, this behavior suggests they are in which psychosexual stage?
A) Anal Stage
B) Oral Stage
C) Phallic Stage
D) Latency Stage
- 33. A teenager begins to develop romantic interests and engages in relationships with others, with a focus on intimacy and potential reproduction. Which stage of psychosexual development are they in?
A) Phallic Stage
B) Oral Stage
C) Latency Stage
D) Genital Stage
- 34. According to Freud, the Electra complex describes:
A) Feelings of wanting to possess the father and the desire to replace the mother.
B) The period of repressed sexual feelings.
C) Maturation of the reproductive system, production of sex hormones, and reactivation of the genital zone as an area of sensual pleasure.
D) Feelings of wanting to possess the mother and the desire to replace the father.
- 35. What is the correct order of the stages of processing a sensory input?
A) Perception, Sensation, Awareness
B) Perception, Awareness, Sensation
C) Awareness, Perception, Sensation
D) Sensation, Perception, Awareness
- 36. The process of interpreting sensory information and giving it meaning is called:
A) Perception
B) Awareness
C) Inheritance
D) Sensation
- 37. A government introduces policies to support local businesses and promote entrepreneurship, aiming to create more jobs and increase economic opportunities for its citizens. Which pillar of human development is this MOST directly related to?
A) Sustainability
B) Equity
C) Production
D) Empowerment
- 38. A five-year-old girl shows a strong attachment to her father and expresses jealousy towards her mother. According to Freud, which stage of psychosexual development is she currently in?
A) Phallic Stage
B) Anal Stage
C) Genital Stage
D) Latency Stage
- 39. A country's constitution guarantees equal access to education and healthcare for all citizens, regardless of their race, gender, or socioeconomic status. This guarantee MOST directly addresses which pillar of human development?
A) Sustainability
B) Empowerment
C) Equity
D) Production
- 40. A young girl starts imitating her mother's behaviors and mannerisms. What defense mechanism is she most likely exhibiting?
A) Identification
B) Sublimation
C) Repression
D) Projection
- 41. A teenager is experiencing a surge of sexual hormones and a renewed interest in romantic relationships. According to Freud, they are in which psychosexual stage?
A) Genital Stage
B) Oral Stage
C) Anal Stage
D) Latency Stage
- 42. A student studies diligently for an exam and performs well. This is an example of human behavior that is primarily influenced by:
A) Sensation
B) Learning
C) Heredity
D) Instinct
- 43. A child feels guilty after stealing a candy bar, even though no one saw them do it. Which part of the psyche is causing this feeling of guilt?
A) Ego
B) Id
C) Libido
D) Superego
- 44. A new government policy provides scholarships and job training programs specifically for women in underserved communities. This initiative BEST reflects which pillar of human development?
A) Equity
B) Empowerment
C) Production
D) Sustainability
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