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Linear particle accelerator - Quiz
Contributed by: Crawford
  • 1. Who proposed the principles for the linear particle accelerator in 1924?
A) Rolf Widerøe
B) Gustav Ising
C) William Hansen
D) Luis Alvarez
  • 2. Where was the first working linear particle accelerator constructed?
A) RWTH Aachen University
B) Brookhaven National Laboratory
C) CERN
D) Stanford University
  • 3. What is the primary function of a linac in radiation therapy?
A) Produce heavy ions for collisions
B) Create radioactive isotopes
C) Generate X-rays and high energy electrons
D) Store particles for future use
  • 4. What type of oscillator did Rolf Widerøe use for his 1928 linac?
A) 25kV vacuum tube oscillator
B) Superconducting cavity
C) Radio-frequency quadrupole
D) Spark gap
  • 5. What was the main difference between the Alvarez linac and the Wideroe type?
A) RF power is applied to the entire resonant chamber
B) It used a spark gap as the source
C) It only accelerated electrons
D) It did not use drift tubes
  • 6. What was achieved by the first Alvarez linac in 1947?
A) Proton energies of 31.5 MeV
B) Proton energies of 6 MeV
C) Sodium ions at 50 keV
D) Electrons at 50 GeV
  • 7. What component was added to drift tubes in the 1950s to improve beam focus?
A) Waveguide discs
B) Quadrupole magnets
C) Vacuum tube oscillators
D) Superconducting coils
  • 8. Who constructed the first travelling-wave electron accelerator at Stanford in 1947?
A) William Hansen
B) I. M. Kapchinsky
C) Gustav Ising
D) Luis Alvarez
  • 9. What is the primary advantage of superconducting radio frequency cavities?
A) No need for vacuum chambers
B) Higher efficiency with less power loss to heat
C) Ability to accelerate protons to higher speeds than electrons
D) Smaller physical size for the same energy
  • 10. What device was proposed by Kapchinsky and Teplyakov in 1970 to focus and accelerate hadrons?
A) Travelling-wave accelerator
B) Vacuum tube oscillator
C) Drift tube linac
D) Radio-frequency quadrupole
  • 11. How long is the linac at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory?
A) 88 inches
B) 3.2 kilometers
C) 1 kilometer
D) 100 meters
  • 12. What particles were accelerated by Widerøe in his initial experiments?
A) Sodium and potassium ions
B) Electrons and positrons
C) Alpha particles
D) Protons and neutrons
  • 13. Why can electrons be treated as having a constant velocity in electron linacs?
A) They do not interact with waveguides
B) They reach speeds close to light speed early on
C) They are not affected by electric potentials
D) They are too heavy to accelerate further
  • 14. What material is typically used for superconducting cavities?
A) Niobium alloys
B) Copper
C) Potassium
D) Sodium
  • 15. What serves as an example of a simple type of linac?
A) Cathode-ray tube
B) A radio-frequency quadrupole
C) A cyclotron
D) A standard battery
  • 16. What law describes the force experienced by a charged particle in an electromagnetic field?
A) Lorentz force law
B) Newton's second law
C) Coulomb's law
D) Faraday's law
  • 17. What limits the maximum constant voltage that can be applied across a gap?
A) The speed of light
B) Particle mass
C) Electrostatic breakdown
D) Magnetic field interference
  • 18. How must particles travel in RF acceleration systems?
A) In bunches
B) Stationary
C) In random clusters
D) As a continuous stream
  • 19. What happens to the gap separation as particles approach the speed of light?
A) It fluctuates randomly
B) It becomes constant
C) It decreases to zero
D) It increases exponentially
  • 20. What kind of field is responsible for accelerating the particles in an RF accelerator?
A) Gravitational field
B) Electric field
C) Static magnetic field
D) Nuclear field
  • 21. How long might a linear accelerator be if used as a synchrotron injector?
A) About ten meters
B) One centimeter
C) 0.5 to 1.5 meters
D) Several thousand meters
  • 22. What device is used to generate electrons in the particle source?
A) A synchrotron
B) A tungsten target
C) A vacuum pump
D) A photocathode
  • 23. What is the target material used when accelerating electrons for X-ray production?
A) Cold cathode iron
B) Uranium ions
C) Water-cooled tungsten
D) Liquid helium
  • 24. What is the formula for the total output energy of the particles?
A) E = qVp / N
B) E = q + N + Vp
C) E = qNVp
D) E = N / qVp
  • 25. What mechanism is used to maintain alignment in very long accelerators?
A) Magnetic levitation of the entire pipe
B) Servo systems guided by a laser beam
C) Manual adjustment by operators
D) Gravity-based leveling
  • 26. What is the phase difference between voltages on adjacent electrodes?
A) 360 degrees
B) 180 degrees
C) 90 degrees
D) 45 degrees
  • 27. What components are arranged in a series in an induction linear accelerator?
A) Gold-plated vacuum chambers
B) Klystron amplifiers
C) Ring-shaped ferrite cores
D) Superconducting niobium magnets
  • 28. Who is credited with the concept behind induction linear accelerators?
A) Niels Bohr
B) Enrico Fermi
C) Albert Einstein
D) Nicholas Christofilos
  • 29. What is the target energy of the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC)?
A) 1 peta-electron volt
B) 1 mega-electron volt
C) 1 tera-electron volt
D) 1 giga-electron volt
  • 30. What technology does CLIC use to extract power for the main accelerator?
A) A nuclear reactor
B) A second parallel electron linear accelerator
C) A massive solar panel array
D) Direct grid connection
  • 31. What is the intended acceleration field strength of the CLIC project?
A) 80 MV / m
B) 800 MV / m
C) 800 kV / m
D) 8 MV / m
  • 32. What limits the acceleration in traditional cavity resonators?
A) Dielectric strength
B) Thermal conductivity
C) Gravitational constant
D) Magnetic permeability
  • 33. What medium is used in Kielfeld accelerators to generate accelerating fields?
A) Plasma
B) Compressed air
C) Liquid nitrogen
D) Superconducting glass
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