A) 1.5 B) 1.0 C) 2.5 D) 2.0
A) Ten times B) Two times C) Five times D) Three times
A) Two times B) Eight times C) Five times D) Ten times
A) Risk of INR fluctuation B) Risk of vitamin K deficiency C) Risk of internal hemorrhage D) High risk of stent thrombosis
A) Vitamin K B) Prothrombin complex concentrates C) Recombinant factor VIIa D) Fresh frozen plasma
A) High risk of infection B) Slow onset of action C) High cost of treatment D) High risk of thromboembolism
A) To avoid liver damage B) To prevent allergic reactions C) To reduce the time for rewarfarinisation D) To improve INR stability
A) Fresh frozen plasma B) Prothrombin complex concentrates C) Activated charcoal D) Vitamin K
A) 5% to 10% B) 20% to 30% C) 10% to 20% D) 1% to 3%
A) 200,000 B) 327,000 C) 301,000 D) 400,000
A) 30% B) 20% C) 80% D) 40%
A) 50% B) 20% C) 70% D) 40%
A) 80% B) 20% C) 70% D) 40%
A) Sharing food utensils B) Mosquito bites C) Direct skin contact D) Airborne droplets
A) New effective acid suppressants B) Widespread vaccination C) Increased smoking cessation D) Elimination of sugar from diets
A) Rational use of NSAIDs B) Increased use of anticoagulants C) Higher reliance on warfarin D) Increased intake of vitamin K
A) More effective at preventing thromboembolism B) Fewer interactions with food C) Easier to reverse with vitamin K D) Cheaper in cost
A) Gastric ulcer B) Meckel's diverticulum ulcer C) Esophageal ulcer D) Duodenal ulcer
A) Type II B) Type I C) Type V D) Type III
A) Perpendicular with no surrounding inflammation B) Regular with elevated borders C) Smooth with no elevation D) Irregular with elevated borders
A) Granuloma, fibrous tissue, necrotic debris, and mucus B) Epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, blood vessels, and nerves C) Fibrin, collagen, epithelial cells, and inflammatory exudate D) Fibrinoid necrosis, inflammatory exudate, granulation tissue, and fibrous tissue
A) Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) B) H2 antagonist C) Aspirin D) Misoprostol
A) It promotes abortion and causes gastrointestinal distress B) It interacts negatively with proton pump inhibitors C) It has high cardiovascular risks D) It is ineffective against gastric ulcers
A) Triple regimen therapy B) Immediate surgery C) Increased dosage of amoxicillin D) Bismuth-containing quadruple therapy
A) 80% B) 70% C) 90% D) 60%
A) Type II B) Type I C) Type III D) Type IV
A) Epithelium and basement membrane B) Serosa and muscularis propria C) Submucosa and adventitia D) Muscularis mucosae and lamina propria
A) Naproxen with PPI B) Celecoxib with misoprostol C) Aspirin with H2 antagonist D) Ibuprofen with PPI
A) It increases B) It drops below 50% C) It decreases D) It stays the same
A) Elevated and regular B) Smooth C) Perpendicular D) Irregular
A) Immediate healing B) Chronic constipation C) Catastrophic consequences D) Increased appetite
A) Pulmonary embolism B) Systemic hypoglycemia C) Acute chemical peritonitis D) Viral gastroenteritis
A) Blurred vision B) Sudden intense abdominal pain C) Severe diarrhea D) High fever
A) Cushing's syndrome B) Conn's syndrome C) Valentino's syndrome D) Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
A) 5% B) 10% C) 50% D) 20%
A) A narrowing of the pyloric canal B) A hole leading into adjacent organs C) The spread of bacteria to the lungs D) The thickening of the stomach wall
A) Hyperchlorhydria B) Peritonitis C) Metaplasia D) Stenosis
A) Internal bleeding B) Severe vomiting C) High fever D) Severe constipation
A) Blood tests B) Stool culture C) Biopsies D) Physical examination
A) Pepsin B) Lipase C) Urease D) Amylase
A) Cortisol B) BabA C) Glucagon D) Insulin
A) OipA B) CagA C) PicB D) VacA
A) Lack of stomach acid B) An alkaline environment C) An acidic environment D) Viral infection
A) CagA B) BabA C) TNF D) IL1B
A) The esophagus B) The stomach C) The gallbladder D) The small intestine
A) Excessive intake of spicy foods B) Helicobacter pylori infection C) Lack of physical exercise D) Chronic dehydration
A) Liver function test B) Urea breath test C) MRI scan D) Urine analysis
A) For all gastric ulcer cases B) When endoscopic treatment is unsuccessful C) As the first line of treatment D) Only in elderly patients
A) They help heal the stomach lining B) They neutralize stomach acid C) They kill H. pylori bacteria D) They can cause or worsen ulcers
A) Young adults B) Teenagers C) Children D) Older people
A) Waterbrash B) Nausea C) Heartburn D) Belching
A) COX-1 B) Pepsinogen C) COX-2 D) Lipoxygenase
A) Chronic psychological stress B) High caffeine intake C) Physiological stress from serious health problems D) Excessive spice consumption
A) Barium contrast x-ray B) Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) C) Stool antigen test D) Blood antibody test
A) Presence of H. pylori colonies B) Enlargement of the stomach lining C) Increased blood flow to the stomach D) Free gas underneath the diaphragm
A) Antacids B) Anticoagulants C) Proton-pump inhibitors D) Antibiotics
A) Barium sulfate B) Nitrogen gas C) Radioactive carbon D) Hydrochloric acid
A) Over age 30 B) Over age 18 C) Over age 45 D) Over age 60
A) Gastrinoma B) Carcinoid C) Lymphoma D) Adenocarcinoma
A) Severe allergic reaction B) A false positive result C) A highly accurate result D) A false negative result
A) Greater than 7 g/dL B) Less than 5 g/dL C) Greater than 12 g/dL D) Exactly 10 g/dL
A) MELD score B) APACHE II score C) Glasgow-Blatchford score D) Child-Pugh score
A) Antifibrinolytics B) Prokinetic agents C) Crystalloids D) Antacids
A) 80 mg bolus followed by 8 mg per hour B) 20 mg bolus followed by 2 mg per hour C) 100 mg bolus followed by 10 mg per hour D) 40 mg bolus followed by 4 mg per hour
A) 48 hours B) 96 hours C) 24 hours D) 72 hours
A) Cautery B) Tranexamic acid C) Antifibrinolytic agents D) Oral PPIs
A) 1982 B) 1958 C) 1997 D) 1984
A) Severe abdominal pain B) Nausea C) Vomiting D) Halitosis
A) Journal of Molecular Biology B) Karolinska Medical Review C) Australian Medical Journal D) New England Medical Journal
A) 1997 B) 1984 C) 2005 D) 1998
A) Atlanta, Georgia B) UWA in Perth, Western Australia C) Athens, Greece D) Stockholm, Sweden
A) Antibiotics B) Mastic gum C) Spicy food extracts D) A petri dish culture
A) Moderate improvement B) Immediate elimination C) No effect D) High effectiveness
A) Gastroenterologist B) General practitioner C) Microbiologist D) Nobel Laureate |