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Eritrea - Quiz
Contributed by: Regan
  • 1. Which is the only legal political party in Eritrea?
A) Eritrean People's Liberation Front
B) Eritrean Democratic Alliance
C) National Democratic Party
D) People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ)
  • 2. How many seats are in the Eritrean National Assembly?
A) 150
B) 100
C) 200
D) 75
  • 3. Who has been the President of Eritrea since 1993?
A) Dawit Isaac
B) Meles Zenawi
C) Isaias Afwerki
D) Haile Woldetensae
  • 4. What is the status of the Constitution of 1997?
A) Drafted but never signed
B) Fully implemented
C) Repealed
D) Unimplemented
  • 5. Who were the G-15?
A) Members of the 2008 Al Jazeera interview team
B) Leaders of the opposition party
C) International human rights observers
D) A group of senior government officials and PFDJ members
  • 6. What did the G-15 call for in their 2001 open letter?
A) Immediate resignation of the president
B) The dissolution of the National Assembly
C) Implementation of the constitution and democratic reforms
D) A declaration of war against Ethiopia
  • 7. Who was one of the independent journalists imprisoned in the 2001 crackdown?
A) The head of the PFDJ
B) The UN Human Rights Council rapporteur
C) Isaias Afwerki
D) Dawit Isaac
  • 8. When did the most recent round of local government elections occur?
A) 2023
B) 2010 and 2011
C) 2003-2004
D) 1993
  • 9. How did President Isaias Afwerki describe his attitude toward 'Western-style' democracy in 2008?
A) Cautiously optimistic
B) Disdain
C) Supportive
D) Indifferent
  • 10. According to the 2023 V-Dem Democracy indices, how is Eritrea ranked worldwide?
A) 1st lowest
B) 2nd lowest
C) Middle of the pack
D) Highest in the region
  • 11. How many representatives were elected to the National Assembly in 1993?
A) 50
B) 150
C) 75
D) 100
  • 12. What is the primary reason the Eritrean authorities claim the peace agreement with Ethiopia is not fully implemented?
A) The Ethiopian government withdrew
B) The United Nations blocked the agreement
C) The Joint Declaration of Peace and Friendship is incomplete
D) There was no formal signing ceremony
  • 13. What was a major consequence of the British administration for the Eritrean economy?
A) Monetary collapse
B) Significant restructuring
C) Complete privatization
D) Agricultural expansion
  • 14. Who provided the skilled labor and equipment for the British and Americans until 1945?
A) Sudanese
B) Italians
C) Ethiopians
D) Egyptians
  • 15. How long did the British military administration of Eritrea last?
A) Until 1947
B) Until 1941
C) Until 1955
D) Until 1950
  • 16. What did the British propose to do with Eritrea during the postwar years?
A) Return it to Italian colonial rule
B) Grant it immediate independence
C) Establish a monarchy
D) Divide it along religious community lines
  • 17. When was the peace treaty with Italy signed?
A) 1950
B) 1947
C) 1945
D) 1941
  • 18. Which organization sent a Commission of Enquiry to decide Eritrea's fate?
A) League of Nations
B) European Union
C) African Union
D) United Nations
  • 19. How many distinct regions did pre-colonial Eritrea have?
A) Six
B) Eight
C) Four
D) Two
  • 20. Who controlled the Eritrean highlands after the decline of Aksum?
A) The Zagwe dynasty
B) The Portuguese
C) The Ottomans
D) The Adal Sultanate
  • 21. What does the name 'Ma'ikele Bahri' mean?
A) Between the seas/rivers
B) Highland territory
C) Land of the kings
D) Coastal fortress
  • 22. Who was the first Westerner to document a visit to Eritrea in 1520?
A) Benito Mussolini
B) Francisco Álvares
C) Cristóvão da Gama
D) Giuseppe Sapeto
  • 23. Which city served as the capital of the principality ruled by the Bahr Negash in 1520?
A) Debarwa
B) Massawa
C) Asmara
D) Dahlak
  • 24. In what year did the Ottomans succeed in occupying northeastern present-day Eritrea?
A) 1869
B) 1557
C) 1588
D) 1520
  • 25. Which dynasty did the Afar leader Kedafu establish in 1734?
A) Sultanate of Rahayta
B) Mudaito Dynasty
C) Zagwe Dynasty
D) Bahr Negash Dynasty
  • 26. Who purchased lands surrounding the Bay of Assab in 1869?
A) Oreste Baratieri
B) Giuseppe Sapeto
C) Francisco Álvares
D) Menelik II
  • 27. When did the Egyptians withdraw from Eritrea, allowing Italy to expand its control?
A) November 1869
B) 1882
C) May 1936
D) February 1885
  • 28. In what year did the Eritrean Railway reach Asmara?
A) 1888
B) 1939
C) 1911
D) 1922
  • 29. What was the longest line in the world of its time in Eritrea?
A) Eritrean Railway
B) The Suez shipping lane
C) The coastal highway
D) Asmara–Massawa Cableway
  • 30. Approximately how many factories were in Eritrea by 1939?
A) 4,600
B) 400
C) 75,000
D) 2,198
  • 31. Which building in Asmara is cited as an example of art deco architecture?
A) The Bahr Negash Palace
B) Fiat Tagliero Building
C) The Mudaito Citadel
D) The Suez Station
  • 32. What is the approximate date of the tools found in the Barka Valley?
A) 1,469 BC
B) 500 BC
C) 8,000 BC
D) 2,500 BC
  • 33. In what century was the Land of Punt first mentioned?
A) Twenty-fifth century BC
B) Tenth century BC
C) First century AD
D) Fifth century BC
  • 34. Which Egyptian pharaoh organized a well-documented trade expedition to Punt in 1,469 BC?
A) Hatshepsut
B) Akhenaten
C) Tutankhamun
D) Ramesses II
  • 35. Where were excavations conducted that revealed an ancient civilization in greater Asmara?
A) Matara
B) Qohaito
C) Sembel
D) Barka Valley
  • 36. Sembel artifacts have been dated to which period?
A) 800 BC to 400 BC
B) 1,000 BC to 500 BC
C) 500 BC to 100 AD
D) 2,500 BC to 1,500 BC
  • 37. Which kingdom existed from the tenth to fifth centuries BC in Eritrea and northern Ethiopia?
A) Gash Group
B) Punt
C) D'mt
D) Aksum
  • 38. What is considered the likely capital of the D'mt kingdom?
A) Matara
B) Qohaito
C) Asmara
D) Yeha
  • 39. Which ancient city in southern Eritrea is often identified as the town of Koloe?
A) Yeha
B) Agordat
C) Qohaito
D) Sembel
  • 40. Which kingdom united the area formerly held by D'mt in the first century?
A) Punt
B) Sembel
C) Gash Group
D) Aksum
  • 41. Which of the following was NOT explicitly mentioned as an export of the Land of Punt?
A) Ivory
B) Ebony
C) Gold
D) Cotton
  • 42. What agricultural practice was developed by the D'mt realm?
A) Hydroponics
B) Slash and burn
C) Terrace farming
D) Irrigation schemes
  • 43. When did the D'mt kingdom fall?
A) First century AD
B) Tenth century BC
C) Fifth century BC
D) First century BC
  • 44. What type of tools did the D'mt kingdom manufacture?
A) Iron
B) Bronze
C) Stone
D) Copper
  • 45. In what year was the name Eritrea formally adopted?
A) 1945
B) 1890
C) 1997
D) 1993
  • 46. What does the Greek word 'erythros' mean?
A) Land
B) Ancient
C) Red
D) Sea
  • 47. What is the name of the ancient hominid fossil found by Italian anthropologists in Eritrea?
A) Homo erectus
B) Zula Man
C) Madam Buya
D) Oldest Hominid
  • 48. During which period did early anatomically modern humans occupy the Red Sea coast of Eritrea?
A) Last interglacial period
B) The Neolithic age
C) The Bronze age
D) The Industrial age
  • 49. What were the tools found near the Gulf of Zula likely used for?
A) Agriculture
B) Building shelters
C) Harvesting marine resources
D) Writing on cave walls
  • 50. The discovery near the Gulf of Zula was made by the Eritrean Research Project Team, which included scientists from which group of countries?
A) Eritrea, Italy, Ethiopia, UK
B) Eritrea, Canada, USA, Netherlands, France
C) Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Egypt
D) Germany, Italy, USA, Japan
  • 51. Approximately what is the total area of Eritrea?
A) 50,000 km2
B) 85,000 km2
C) 250,000 km2
D) 117,600 km2
  • 52. What religion did the Kingdom of Aksum adopt in the fourth century?
A) Christianity
B) Islam
C) Manichaeism
D) Judaism
  • 53. What was the title of the governor of the Mereb Melash region?
A) Negus Negast
B) Bahr Negus
C) Khedive
D) Sultan
  • 54. In what year was the colony of Italian Eritrea formed?
A) 1942
B) 1952
C) 1865
D) 1889
  • 55. When did Ethiopia formally annex Eritrea?
A) 1993
B) 1952
C) 1962
D) 1991
  • 56. In what year did Eritrea gain de jure independence?
A) 1985
B) 1991
C) 1993
D) 1961
  • 57. Which language is the most widely spoken in Eritrea?
A) Tigrinya
B) English
C) Arabic
D) Tigre
  • 58. What percentage of the Eritrean population is ethnic Tigrinyas?
A) 50%
B) 30%
C) 75%
D) 10%
  • 59. Which organization did Eritrea withdraw from in December 2025?
A) Intergovernmental Authority on Development
B) United Nations
C) African Union
D) Arab League
  • 60. During which approximate years did the Kingdom of Aksum exist?
A) 200–500 AD
B) 500 BC–200 AD
C) 100–940 AD
D) 1000–1500 AD
  • 61. According to the Liber Axumae, who built the first capital, Mazaber?
A) Ezana
B) Zoskales
C) Itiyopis
D) Muhammad
  • 62. Under which ruler did the Kingdom of Aksum adopt Christianity?
A) Zoskales
B) Ezana
C) Itiyopis
D) Cush
  • 63. Which is the oldest monastery mentioned in the text?
A) Mosque of the Companions
B) Debre Sina
C) Debre Libanos
D) Mazaber
  • 64. What historical religious object is contained in the church of Debre Libanos?
A) The Book of Aksum
B) The Golden Gospel
C) The Periplus
D) The Quran
  • 65. Which primary good was the Kingdom of Aksum known for exporting?
A) Silk
B) Gold
C) Spices
D) Ivory
  • 66. Who was the ruler of Aksum mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea?
A) Ezana
B) Zoskales
C) Itiyopis
D) Cush
  • 67. How did Aksumite rulers facilitate trade?
A) By minting their own currency
B) By using barter exclusively
C) By signing treaties
D) By building roads
  • 68. What was the height of the Obelisk of Aksum?
A) 50 feet
B) 120 feet
C) 90 feet
D) 30 feet
  • 69. Which Ethiopian Emperor sought to annex Eritrea in the 1950s?
A) Haile Selassie
B) Haile Mariam
C) Menelik II
D) Zewditu
  • 70. Who did Emperor Haile Selassie write to regarding his claim over Eritrea?
A) Winston Churchill
B) Harry Truman
C) Franklin D. Roosevelt
D) Joseph Stalin
  • 71. Which bloc of Eritrean parties requested an immediate referendum for sovereignty?
A) Eritrean Liberation Front
B) Eritrean Inter-Agency Consortium
C) Eritrean People's Liberation Front
D) Independence Bloc
  • 72. What organization was founded by Eritrean students and intellectuals in 1958?
A) Eritrean Liberation Front
B) Eritrean Liberation Movement
C) Eritrea Inter-Agency Consortium
D) Eritrean People's Liberation Front
  • 73. Who led the Eritrean Liberation Front when it started the armed struggle in 1961?
A) Hamid Idris Awate
B) Isaias Afwerki
C) Franklin D. Roosevelt
D) Haile Selassie
  • 74. How long did the Eritrean War of Independence last?
A) 40 years
B) 10 years
C) 20 years
D) 30 years
  • 75. What was the name of the UN-supervised referendum for Eritrean independence?
A) UNOVER
B) EIAC
C) UN Resolution 390A
D) Independence Bloc
  • 76. What is the membership number of Eritrea in the United Nations?
A) 182nd
B) 100th
C) 200th
D) 50th
  • 77. As of 2024, what is the status of elections in Eritrea?
A) There have been no elections
B) Elections occur every ten years
C) Regular elections are held
D) Elections occur every five years
  • 78. What type of state did the EPLF establish after seizing power?
A) Federal republic
B) Constitutional monarchy
C) One-party state
D) Multi-party democracy
  • 79. What is the name of the archipelago located off the Eritrean coast?
A) Socotra Archipelago
B) Zanzibar Archipelago
C) Dahlak Archipelago
D) Canary Islands
  • 80. What is the highest point in Eritrea?
A) Mount Kilimanjaro
B) Emba Soira
C) Ras Dashen
D) Mount Kenya
  • 81. The coastal lowlands of Eritrea are part of which ecoregion?
A) Ethiopian Highlands
B) Sahelian Acacia savanna
C) Djibouti xeric shrublands
D) Sahara Desert
  • 82. Western Eritrea is part of which ecoregion?
A) Montane grasslands
B) Sub-tropical rainforest
C) Djibouti xeric shrublands
D) Sahelian Acacia savanna
  • 83. Which river flows northwestwards to join the Nile?
A) Atbara River
B) Blue Nile
C) Barka River
D) White Nile
  • 84. Which river flows northwards into Sudan to empty into the Red Sea?
A) Atbara River
B) Omo River
C) Awash River
D) Barka River
  • 85. What is the elevation of Emba Soira?
A) 2,800 m
B) 3,500 m
C) 2,500 m
D) 3,018 m
  • 86. Which environmental issue is mentioned as a potential result of reduced precipitation?
A) Volcanic eruption
B) Desertification
C) Tectonic shift
D) Sea level rise
  • 87. In which year did Eritrea announce it would make its entire coast an environmentally protected zone?
A) 2000
B) 2006
C) 2011
D) 2015
  • 88. Which town is a port located in the southeast of Eritrea?
A) Keren
B) Massawa
C) Asseb
D) Mendefera
  • 89. What is the total length of the coastline plus the coast around its islands that Eritrea protected?
A) 1,946 km
B) 2,500 km
C) 3,293 km
D) 1,347 km
  • 90. What is the name of the region that is the probable location of a triple junction?
A) Afar Triangle
B) Filfil Solomona
C) Dahlak Plateau
D) Sahelian plain
  • 91. What is the climate of the highlands in Eritrea throughout the year?
A) Arid
B) Tropical
C) Subtropical
D) Temperate
  • 92. What is usually the hottest month in the highlands of Eritrea?
A) December
B) August
C) May
D) January
  • 93. How many bird species have been recorded in Eritrea?
A) 700
B) 500
C) 126
D) 560
  • 94. Where can the endangered African wild ass be seen in Eritrea?
A) Coastal plains
B) Asmara
C) Gash-Barka
D) Denakalia Region
  • 95. What species is now deemed extirpated from Eritrea?
A) African wild cat
B) African leopard
C) African wild dog
D) African golden wolf
  • 96. What animals have a symbiotic relationship with elephants in Eritrea?
A) Black-backed jackals
B) Olive baboons
C) Ground squirrels
D) Spotted hyenas
  • 97. What percentage of Eritrea's land is considered arable?
A) 50%
B) 26%
C) 75%
D) 10%
  • 98. How many species of mammals have been recorded in Eritrea?
A) 126
B) 90
C) 19
D) 560
  • 99. In the lowlands, what is the maximum temperature range during summer?
A) 21 °C
B) 50 °C
C) 30 °C
D) 40 °C
  • 100. Which snake species is considered common in Gash-Barka?
A) Saw-scaled viper
B) Red spitting cobra
C) Python
D) Puff adder
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