A) Study of police equipment B) Study of government laws only C) Scientific study of crime and criminal behavior D) Study of punishment only
A) Cesare Beccaria B) Cesare Lombroso C) Edwin Sutherland D) Jeremy Bentham
A) Enrico Ferri B) Cesare Beccaria C) Cesare Lombroso D) Raffaele Garofalo
A) Travis Hirschi B) Raffaele Garofalo C) Jeremy Bentham D) Edwin Sutherland
A) Business management B) Political campaigns C) Weather conditions D) Criminal behavior and crime
A) Penology B) Victimology C) Sociology D) Anthropology
A) Biology B) Penology C) Psychology D) Victimology
A) Any act considered impolite B) An act or omission punishable by law C) Any violation of family rules D) Any behavior disliked by a person
A) A court judgment B) Only a serious criminal offense C) Behavior that violates social norms D) A police investigation
A) Reporting a crime B) Becoming a crime victim C) Returning to criminal behavior D) Committing a crime for the first time
A) Sociology B) Physics C) Chemistry D) Astronomy
A) Political science B) Economics C) Psychology D) Geology
A) Philosophy B) History C) Biology D) Sociology
A) It excludes social sciences B) It uses knowledge from several academic fields C) It focuses only on police officers D) It studies laws only
A) Increase criminal opportunities B) Punish every suspicious person C) Reduce the likelihood of crime D) Eliminate all courts
A) Preventing victims from reporting crimes B) Ignoring criminal behavior C) Increasing punishment in every case D) Helping offenders change and reintegrate into society
A) Encouraging criminal activity B) Removing criminal laws C) Discouraging crime through the threat or experience of sanctions D) Studying fingerprints
A) Behavior that violates criminal law B) Any unusual behavior C) Any disagreement D) Any violation of fashion trends
A) The process of sentencing judges B) The process of becoming a victim of crime or harm C) The rehabilitation of offenders D) The study of police ranks
A) Designing buildings B) Predicting the weather C) Studying planets D) Understanding crime patterns and causes
A) Chicago School B) Biological School C) Positivist School D) Classical School
A) Positivist School B) Legal School C) Classical School D) Historical School
A) Cesare Beccaria B) Enrico Ferri C) Raffaele Garofalo D) Cesare Lombroso
A) 1764 B) 1804 C) 1750 D) 1789
A) Robert Merton B) Jeremy Bentham C) Edwin Sutherland D) Cesare Lombroso
A) Social learning alone B) Free will alone C) Biological characteristics associated with criminality D) Economic inequality alone
A) Travis Hirschi B) Cesare Beccaria C) Enrico Ferri D) Jeremy Bentham
A) Robert Merton B) Jeremy Bentham C) Raffaele Garofalo D) Edwin Sutherland
A) Crime is always accidental B) People can make choices and consider consequences C) People have no ability to make choices D) All crime is inherited
A) Based only on public anger B) Proportionate to the offense C) Unlimited D) Based only on public anger
A) Travis Hirschi B) Jeremy Bentham C) Cesare Lombroso D) Edwin Sutherland
A) Fingerprint classification B) Biological inheritance C) Promoting the greatest happiness for the greatest number D) Police patrol schedules
A) Positivist School B) Classical School C) Legal School D) Moral School
A) Punishment should never be imposed B) Individual circumstances may affect responsibility and punishment C) All offenders are biologically identical D) Crime has no consequences
A) Increase social conflict B) Reward criminal behavior C) Discourage future offending D) Discourage future offending
A) Rehabilitation B) Reintegration C) Restitution D) General deterrence
A) Victimology B) Social disorganization C) Specific deterrence D) General deterrence
A) Rehabilitation B) Restorative justice C) Incapacitation D) Retribution
A) Biological determinism B) Restorative justice C) General deterrence D) Social disorganization
A) Crime is caused by one factor only B) Crime can be examined through evidence and multiple explanations C) Opinions are more important than evidence D) All criminals have the same personality
A) Edwin Sutherland B) Robert Merton C) Cesare Lombroso D) Travis Hirschi
A) Criminal behavior can be learned through interaction with others B) Crime is always inherited C) Punishment causes all crime D) Crime is unrelated to social interaction
A) Raffaele Garofalo B) Jeremy Bentham C) Travis Hirschi D) Edwin Sutherland
A) Attachment B) Involvement C) Biological inheritance D) Commitment
A) Biology, climate, geography, and age B) Punishment, prison, trial, and appeal C) Attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief D) Poverty, anger, fear, and stress
A) Travis Hirschi B) Cesare Beccaria C) Jeremy Bentham D) Robert K. Merton
A) All laws are removed B) Police officers change assignments C) There is a gap between culturally valued goals and legitimate means D) Everyone has equal access to opportunities
A) Cesare Lombroso B) Jeremy Bentham C) Émile Durkheim D) Edwin Sutherland
A) Crime depends only on an individual's height B) Punishment is the only cause of crime C) Criminal behavior is always inherited D) Community conditions and weakened social organization can affect crime
A) Hirschi and Sutherland B) Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay C) Lombroso and Garofalo D) Beccaria and Bentham
A) Punishment is never useful B) Visible disorder, if left unaddressed, may contribute to further disorder and crime C) Crime is exclusively genetic D) All broken windows cause serious crime
A) Beccaria and Bentham B) James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling C) Shaw and McKay D) Sutherland and Hirschi
A) The biological traits of offenders B) The structure of police vehicles C) How societal labels and reactions may influence identity and behavior D) The chemical composition of evidence
A) Howard S. Becker B) Émile Durkheim C) Robert Merton D) Jeremy Bentham
A) Criminal behavior is always learned at school B) Crime occurs when a motivated offender, suitable target, and absence of a capable guardian converge C) Crime is caused only by biological traits D) All crime results from poverty
A) Beccaria and Bentham B) Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson C) Lombroso and Ferri D) Shaw and McKay
A) Criminal behavior cannot be studied B) People never consider consequences C) Offenders may weigh perceived costs and benefits when making decisions D) All crime is accidental
A) Crime occurs only in rural areas B) Power differences and social inequality can shape laws and criminal justice C) All laws affect everyone equally in every circumstance D) Crime has only biological causes
A) Punishment is always ineffective B) Behavior can be learned through observation, imitation, and reinforcement C) Society has no influence on behavior D) Crime is determined only by eye color
A) Only crime-scene evidence B) Only prison architecture C) Only juvenile offenses D) How offending and related factors change throughout a person's life
A) Only street fighting B) Offenses committed in occupational or professional settings C) Only juvenile delinquency D) Only traffic violations
A) Edwin H. Sutherland B) Travis Hirschi C) Cesare Beccaria D) Jeremy Bentham
A) A single accidental mistake B) A lawful neighborhood meeting C) Any disagreement between friends D) Coordinated criminal activity by a group or network
A) Crime involving computers, digital systems, or networks B) Any crime involving paper documents C) Crime committed only in public parks D) Any violation of school rules
A) Only traffic enforcement B) Unlawful behavior by minors, subject to applicable juvenile justice laws C) Only corporate fraud D) Crimes committed exclusively by adults
A) Deception used to obtain an unlawful or unfair benefit B) A lawful exchange C) A type of fingerprint D) An accidental injury
A) Unlawful entry into a building or structure with the legally required criminal intent B) A lawful business transaction C) Reporting a lost item D) A traffic accident
A) Borrowing property with permission B) Taking property through force or intimidation, as defined by law C) Losing personal belongings D) Refusing to sign a contract
A) Damaging a public road B) Unlawfully taking property belonging to another C) Reporting a missing person D) Giving property away
A) Unlawfully setting fire to property B) Forging a signature C) Taking a vehicle without permission D) Making a false statement
A) A crime category based solely on physical violence B) category often associated with occupational or financial wrongdoing C) A type of juvenile court D) A police rank
A) The police officer's rank B) The sentence imposed by a judge C) The victim's personal history D) The method or pattern used to carry out an offense
A) Replace all physical evidence B) Automatically determine a sentence C) Infer possible offender characteristics from crime-related information D) Prove guilt by itself
A) A pattern of change in crime over time B) A single unverified rumor C) A court's building design D) A suspect's clothing style
A) Crimes that occur but are not reported to or recorded by authorities B) Crimes involving black clothing C) Crimes committed only in cities D) Crimes committed only at night
A) A method of collecting fingerprints B) A debated concept examining whether a victim's actions contributed to the sequence of events leading to victimization C) A form of police patrol D) A type of criminal sentence
A) Number of police stations in a city B) Number of crime-scene photographs C) Re-arrest, reconviction, or reincarceration, depending on the measure used D) Number of courtrooms
A) A geographic area with a relatively high concentration of crime B) A location used only for training C) A police headquarters D) A place with no recorded offenses
A) To replace criminal law B) To eliminate the need for courts C) To prove every suspect guilty D) To develop evidence-based understanding of crime
A) A historical textbook B) Information copied from an encyclopedia C) A summary of previous studies only D) Data collected firsthand by the researcher
A) Reviewing a textbook B) Reading a dictionary C) Reading a published review article D) Conducting a survey with respondents
A) Data always collected through experiments B) Information that has never been recorded C) Only data from interviews D) Existing information originally collected or compiled by others
A) A final court decision B) A police report number C) A criminal sentence D) A testable statement or prediction about a relationship or phenomenon
A) Proof that one variable causes another in every case B) A court procedure C) A type of criminal offense D) A statistical relationship between variables
A) Yes, when two variables are measured B) No, correlation alone does not establish causation C) No, because correlation cannot be measured D) Yes, always
A) The complete population in every study B) A subset of a population selected for study C) A statistical formula D) A research conclusion
A) Selecting only the researcher's friends B) Selecting only people who agree with the researcher C) Selecting participants using a chance-based method D) Selecting participants based on appearance
A) Hiding the purpose of a study B) Voluntary agreement after receiving adequate information about participation C) Forcing a person to answer a questionnaire D) Publishing participants' private information
A) Protecting participants' information from unauthorized disclosure B) Allowing anyone to access the raw data C) Sharing all participant information publicly D) Publishing respondents' names without permission
A) Replacing all criminal laws B) Punishing all community members C) Police working without public contact D) Police and community members working together to address public safety concerns
A) Studying offenders' childhoods only B) Reducing opportunities for crime by changing situations and environments C) Increasing opportunities for offending D) Eliminating community participation
A) Leaving valuable property unsecured B) Ignoring repeated thefts C) Installing better lighting and access controls in a vulnerable area D) Removing security measures
A) Paying compensation to a victim B) Restricting an offender's ability to commit certain crimes, such as through lawful imprisonment C) Teaching offenders a new skill D) Conducting a victim survey
A) Removing all community support B) Increasing social exclusion permanently C) Supporting a person's return to community life after a period of justice-system involvement D) Preventing former offenders from finding lawful work
A) Every accused person is automatically guilty B) Witness statements are always false C) An accused person is presumed innocent unless guilt is established according to law D) Police officers determine guilt without a trial
A) Punishing people without legal procedures B) Preventing and responding to crime while administering justice under the law C) Replacing all social institutions D) Deciding cases based only on rumors
A) Following rumors without verification B) Using assumptions instead of data C) Using the same intervention regardless of results D) Applying approaches supported by reliable research and evaluation
A) Improving understanding of crime and supporting effective, fair crime prevention and justice B) Memorizing criminal names only C) Learning how to avoid all laws D) Understanding police ranks only
A) Routine Activity Theory B) Conflict Theory C) Labeling Theory D) Social Bond Theory
A) Rational Choice Theory B) Social Disorganization Theory C) Differential Association Theory D) Deterrence Theory |