- 1. In what year was the Jewish Cultural Society established in Tallinn?
A) 1988
B) 1990
C) 1989
D) 1992
- 2. What type of school was established in 1989 as a starting point for Jewish education?
A) Sunday school
B) Vocational school
C) Hebrew boarding school
D) High school
- 3. In what year was the Jewish school with grades 1 through 9 established?
A) 1993
B) 1991
C) 1988
D) 1990
- 4. Besides Tallinn, where were Jewish culture clubs started?
A) Pärnu, Võru, and Rakvere
B) Tartu, Narva, and Kohtla-Järve
C) Narva, Viljandi, and Võru
D) Tallinn, Tartu, and Pärnu
- 5. Which sports society was established among the Jewish organizations?
A) Kivimäki
B) Hapoel
C) Maccabi
D) Betar
- 6. On what date was the charter of the Jewish community officially approved?
A) 16 May 2007
B) 1 March 1988
C) 11 October 1993
D) 11 April 1992
- 7. What was the Cultural Autonomy Act passed in 1993 based on?
A) The 1925 law
B) The 1992 constitution
C) The 1988 charter
D) The 1945 mandate
- 8. Which family established a residence in Võru after serving in the army of Alexander II?
A) The Abramovs
B) The Levins
C) The Judaikens
D) The Rothschilds
- 9. What was built by the Judaiken family in Võru in 1875?
A) A synagogue
B) A library
C) A factory
D) A school
- 10. What facilities are housed in the Tallinn synagogue opened in 2007?
A) A sanctuary, gymnasium, and cafe
B) A sanctuary, mikvah, and restaurant
C) A museum, library, and school
D) A mikvah, office, and cultural center
- 11. In what year did the Estonian Jewish Museum open to the public?
A) 2007
B) 2010
C) 2008
D) 2005
- 12. What happened to Holocaust monuments in Estonia in 2018?
A) They were officially renovated
B) They were removed by the government
C) They were torched and vandalized
D) They were relocated to a museum
- 13. What site was vandalized with swastikas in 2019?
A) The Jewish Cultural Society building
B) The Tallinn Jewish Gymnasium
C) The Jewish section of the Rahumäe Cemetery
D) The Judaiken family synagogue
- 14. What organization did the Jewish Cultural Society join as a founding member in 1988?
A) The Jewish Veterans Union
B) Union of the Peoples of Estonia
C) The Soviet Cultural Council
D) The Estonian Independence Committee
- 15. In what year was the Jewish community's cultural autonomy in Estonia liquidated?
A) 1940
B) 1941
C) 1939
D) 1944
- 16. Approximately what percentage of the Jewish population was deported by the Soviets in June 1941?
A) 5%
B) 50%
C) 25%
D) 10%
- 17. Where were the Jews deported by Soviet authorities in 1941 sent?
A) German labor camps
B) Central Asia
C) GULAG camps in Russia
D) Siberian prisons
- 18. What percentage of Estonia's Jewish community managed to escape to the Soviet Union?
A) Less than 25%
B) Exactly 50%
C) About 90%
D) More than 75%
- 19. Which extermination squad was led by Martin Sandberger?
A) SS Division Nord
B) Einsatzgruppe A
C) Gestapo Estonia
D) Sonderkommando 1a
- 20. Who was the leader of Einsatzgruppe A?
A) Walter Stahlecker
B) Heinrich Himmler
C) Martin Sandberger
D) Adolf Eichmann
- 21. What was the standard excuse used for the 'cleansing' operations in Estonia?
A) Economic sabotage
B) Religious subversion
C) Refusal to serve in the military
D) Communist activity
- 22. At which conference was Estonia declared Judenfrei?
A) Munich Conference
B) Berlin Conference
C) Wannsee Conference
D) Yalta Conference
- 23. What was the largest concentration camp established by the Nazis in Estonia?
A) Narva Camp
B) Vaivara
C) Kalevi-Liiva
D) Tallinn Ghetto
- 24. Approximately how many foreign Jews were killed in Estonia after being deported there?
A) 1,000
B) 25,000
C) 5,000
D) 10,000
- 25. How many Jewish organizations existed in Estonia between 1944 and 1988?
A) Ten
B) Two
C) Zero
D) Five
- 26. How many Jews from Tallinn emigrated to Israel after the Six-Day War?
A) 3,714
B) 400
C) 100
D) 1,500
- 27. When did the war crimes trials for the murders at Kalevi-Liiva take place?
A) 1988
B) 1945
C) 1961
D) 1950
- 28. What was the approximate total Jewish population in Estonia before the war?
A) 4,500
B) 10,000
C) 20,000
D) 1,000
- 29. When were individual Jews first reported to be present in what is now Estonia?
A) 16th century
B) 14th century
C) 12th century
D) 18th century
- 30. Which Russian Tsar signed the 1865 statute that allowed certain Jews to settle outside the Pale of Settlement?
A) Nicholas I
B) Peter the Great
C) Alexander II
D) Alexander III
- 31. In what year was the Tallinn Jewish congregation founded?
A) 1866
B) 1901
C) 1883
D) 1830
- 32. When was the Tartu congregation established?
A) 1883
B) 1830
C) 1901
D) 1866
- 33. What happened to the major synagogues of Tallinn and Tartu during World War II?
A) Destroyed by fire
B) Moved to Russia
C) Dismantled by the government
D) Converted into schools
- 34. Who was the Estonian Jewish historian that documented a synagogue in Võru?
A) Nathan Ganns
B) Sara Teitelbaum
C) Moses Wolf Goldberg
D) Hirsch Aisenstadt
- 35. In what year was the Jewish Drama Club founded in Tartu?
A) 1918
B) 1925
C) 1917
D) 1920
- 36. Approximately how many Jews fought in the Estonian War of Independence?
A) 3000
B) 100
C) 300
D) 200
- 37. Which athlete was a 17-time champion in Estonian athletics?
A) Sara Teitelbaum
B) Hirsch Aisenstadt
C) Nathan Ganns
D) Moses Wolf Goldberg
- 38. What subject was taught starting in 1934 in the School of Philosophy at the University of Tartu?
A) Judaica
B) Russian history
C) Talmudic law
D) Yiddish literature
- 39. How many Jewish students were studying at the University of Tartu in the 1930s?
A) About 50
B) About 300
C) About 100
D) About 1000
- 40. Who headed the Board of Jewish Culture until the Soviet occupation in 1940?
A) Nathan Ganns
B) Moses Wolf Goldberg
C) Sara Teitelbaum
D) Hirsch Aisenstadt
- 41. Which Jewish organization presented the Estonian government with a certificate of gratitude for its cultural autonomy policy?
A) Beitar
B) Hasmonea
C) Maccabi
D) Keren Kajamet
- 42. In what year was Jewish cultural autonomy officially declared in Estonia?
A) 1925
B) 1926
C) 1918
D) 1920
- 43. Which language began replacing Russian in the Jewish public school in Tallinn from 1926?
A) Estonian
B) Hebrew
C) Yiddish
D) German
- 44. In which city was the rival Yiddish language school founded in 1928?
A) Narva
B) Tartu
C) Tallinn
D) Võru
- 45. How many Jews lived in Estonia in 1934?
A) 5120
B) 4381
C) 3203
D) 2203
- 46. What was the most common economic sector for the Jewish population in 1934?
A) Services
B) Commerce
C) Artisans
D) Labourers
- 47. Approximately how many physicians were in the Jewish population in 1934?
A) 4
B) 16
C) Over 80
D) Over 100
- 48. Who was the Rabbi of Tallinn during the 1930s?
A) Dr. Gomer
B) Konstantin Päts
C) Viktor von Mühlen
D) Lazar Gulkowitsch
- 49. Which magazine was banned by Konstantin Päts for inciting hatred?
A) The Jewish Chronicle
B) HeHalutz
C) Bialik Farein
D) Valvur
- 50. Who was appointed as the first Professor of Jewish Studies at Tartu University in 1934?
A) Lazar Gulkowitsch
B) Dr. Gomer
C) Heinrich Gutkin
D) Viktor von Mühlen
- 51. In what year was a faculty of Jewish Studies established at Tartu University?
A) 1937
B) 1933
C) 1934
D) 1936
- 52. Who was appointed to the Estonian upper parliamentary chamber in 1937?
A) Viktor von Mühlen
B) Lazar Gulkowitsch
C) Dr. Gomer
D) Heinrich Gutkin
- 53. Which Zionist youth movement offered pioneer training on Estonian farms?
A) Bialik Farein
B) Jewish Goodwill Society
C) HeHalutz
D) Jewish Assistance Union
- 54. What was the name of the Jewish cultural institute that performed plays and had a choir?
A) Bialik Farein
B) Uzvanski
C) HeHalutz
D) Valvur
- 55. How many Jews lived in Tartu according to the 1934 data?
A) 188
B) 920
C) 121
D) 248
- 56. What happened to the German Cultural Council in 1933?
A) It was disbanded
B) It was expanded
C) It was merged with the Jewish Council
D) It was renamed
- 57. Which percentage of the Jewish population received education at home?
A) 33%
B) 11%
C) 37%
D) 18%
- 58. What was the occupation of Viktor von Mühlen?
A) Artisan
B) Rabbi
C) Politician
D) Physician
- 59. What was the fate of Dr. Gomer during the German occupation?
A) He escaped to England
B) He retired
C) He joined the university faculty
D) He was murdered
- 60. How many Jewish residents were listed as living in Estonia in 1820?
A) 1,523
B) 36
C) 1,929
D) 4,389
- 61. What was the Jewish population in Estonia in 1918?
A) 1,523
B) 36
C) 1,929
D) 4,389
- 62. How many Jewish residents were there in Estonia in 1922?
A) 5,500
B) 1,929
C) 1,523
D) 4,389
- 63. In what year did the Estonian Jewish population reach 4,389?
A) 1934
B) 1922
C) 1959
D) 1918
- 64. When did the Jewish population in Estonia peak?
A) 1934
B) 1959
C) 2007
D) 1922
- 65. In which decade did the Estonian Jewish population experience a particularly sharp decline?
A) 1950s
B) 1990s
C) 1980s
D) 2000s
- 66. How many Jewish cemeteries are listed for the city of Tartu?
A) 3
B) 2
C) 1
D) 4
- 67. What was the total Jewish population in Estonia in 2007?
A) 1,523
B) 4,389
C) 1,900
D) 5,500
- 68. How many live births were recorded among the Estonian Jewish population in 2006?
A) 100
B) 12
C) 36
D) 51
- 69. What was the total number of deaths among the Estonian Jewish population in 2006?
A) 12
B) 51
C) 26
D) 19
- 70. What was the Jewish birth rate per 1000 in 2006?
A) 2.05
B) 6.32
C) 26.84
D) 5.50
- 71. What was the Jewish death rate per 1000 in 2006?
A) 12.00
B) 2.05
C) 6.32
D) 26.84
- 72. What was the net growth rate of the Estonian Jewish population per year?
A) 2.05%
B) -6.32%
C) -2.05%
D) -26.84%
- 73. Which city besides Tallinn and Tartu is listed as having a Jewish cemetery?
A) Sillamäe
B) Kärdla
C) Võru
D) Tallinn-Nõmme
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