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2ND_QUARTER_MARCIANO_EARTH SCI_STEM11
Contributed by: Marciano
  • 1. The process that breaks down rocks into smaller pieces is called
A) Deposition
B) Sedimentation
C) Weathering
D) Erosion
  • 2. Which of the following is a type of physical weathering?
A) Oxidation
B) Hydrolysis
C) Carbonation
D) Frost wedging
  • 3. The breakdown of rocks caused by reaction with oxygen is called
A) Hydration
B) Carbonation
C) Dissolution
D) Oxidation
  • 4. The peeling off of outer rock layers due to temperature changes is
A) Dissolution
B) Abrasion
C) Exfoliation
D) Frost wedging
  • 5. The process of dissolving minerals in water is called
A) Oxidation
B) Dissolution
C) Hydrolysis
D) Abrasion
  • 6. The type of weathering that changes rock composition is
A) Physical
B) Biological
C) Chemical
D) Mechanical
  • 7. The Earth’s temperature increases with
A) Distance from core
B) Depth
C) Altitude
D) Latitude
  • 8. Earth’s internal heat drives
A) Rain formation
B) Mantle convection and plate movement
C) Erosion
D) Wind systems
  • 9. The process by which rocks change due to heat and pressure is
A) Melting
B) Metamorphism
C) Weathering
D) Sedimentation
  • 10. Which is NOT a factor of metamorphism?
A) Solar radiation
B) Chemical activity
C) Heat
D) Pressure
  • 11. The force applied per unit area on rocks is called
A) Fault
B) Fold
C) Stress
D) Strain
  • 12. The stress that squeezes rocks together is
A) Friction
B) Compression
C) Tension
D) Shear
  • 13. The stress that pulls materials apart is
A) Shear
B) Pressure
C) Compressional
D) Tensional
  • 14. The bending of rock layers without breaking is
A) Folding
B) Cracking
C) Fracturing
D) Faulting
  • 15. The crack where rocks move past each other is a
A) Joint
B) Foliation
C) Fold
D) Fault
  • 16. When rocks slide horizontally, it’s caused by
A) Shear
B) Compression
C) Tension stress
D) Heat
  • 17. The idea that new ocean floor is formed at mid-ocean ridges is
A) Continental drift
B) Seafloor spreading
C) Plate tectonics
D) Subduction
  • 18. Who proposed the seafloor spreading hypothesis?
A) Arthur Holmes
B) Alfred Wegener
C) Harry Hess
D) James Hutton
  • 19. The age of ocean rocks increases as you move
A) Away from the ridge
B) Randomly
C) Toward the trench
D) Toward the ridge
  • 20. Evidence for seafloor spreading includes
A) Magnetic patterns and rock ages
B) Ocean currents
C) Fossil evidence
D) Volcanoes only
  • 21. The boundary where seafloor spreading occurs is
A) Neutral
B) Convergent
C) Transform
D) Divergent
  • 22. The molten material that creates new oceanic crust comes from
A) Crustal rock
B) Outer core
C) Mantle magma
D) Asthenosphere gases
  • 23. As the seafloor spreads, continents
A) Stay fixed
B) Move together
C) Move apart
D) Sink
  • 24. The youngest rocks on the seafloor are found
A) In subduction zones
B) Near the trench
C) Near the ridge
D) On continents
  • 25. Which technology helped discover seafloor spreading?
A) Telescope
B) Microscope
C) Sonar mapping
D) Satellite
  • 26. The weathering process accelerated by plants and animals is
A) Dissolution
B) Hydrolysis
C) Carbonation
D) Biological weathering
  • 27. The seafloor spreading theory helped explain
A) Climate change
B) Soil erosion
C) Plate tectonics
D) Earthquakes
  • 28. Which factor does NOT affect rock deformation?
A) Time
B) Pressure
C) Temperature
D) Color
  • 29. Metamorphism literally means
A) Change in form
B) Rock destruction
C) Melting of magma
D) Formation of sediments
  • 30. Which feature on Earth’s surface best shows the release of internal heat?
A) Canyon
B) Glacier
C) Mountain ridge
D) Volcano
  • 31. The heat responsible for volcanism originates from
A) Earth’s rotation
B) Gravitational pull
C) Sunlight
D) Earth’s interior
  • 32. The main cause of physical weathering in cold climates is
A) Wind
B) Acid rain
C) Freezing and thawing of water
D) Chemical reaction
  • 33. The main driving mechanism for seafloor spreading is
A) Wind pressure
B) Ocean waves
C) Convection currents in the mantle
D) Gravitational pull
  • 34. The rocks found near deep-ocean trenches are
A) Recently formed
B) Younger
C) The same age as ridge rocks
D) Older
  • 35. Magnetic reversals on the ocean floor are recorded as
A) Randomly oriented bands
B) Vertical fractures
C) Circular patterns
D) Stripes parallel to the ridges
  • 36. A granite rock exposed to alternating hot days and cool nights starts to crack and peel. What process is happening?
A) Physical weathering by abrasion
B) Chemical weathering by oxidation
C) Physical weathering by exfoliation
D) Chemical weathering by hydrolysis
  • 37. Rocks in a cold mountain region show cracks filled with ice in winter. What will most likely happen over time?
A) Repeated freezing will widen cracks
B) Ice will form new minerals
C) Ice will protect the rock from erosion
D) Cracks will close as ice melts
  • 38. A marble floor turns dull after years of contact with acidic cleaning agents. What type of weathering occurred?
A) Chemical
B) Biological
C) Physical
D) Mechanical
  • 39. If limestone turns into marble, what likely caused it?
A) Intense heat and pressure
B) Chemical weathering
C) Erosion by water
D) Sediment compaction
  • 40. A scientist observes symmetrical magnetic stripes on both sides of a mid-ocean ridge. What can she conclude?
A) The ocean floor is ancient
B) The magnetic field is constant
C) The ridge is inactive
D) Seafloor spreading is occurring
  • 41. Which real-life application of seafloor spreading theory helps predict natural hazards?
A) Estimating population growth
B) Identifying active earthquake zones
C) Locating mineral deposits
D) Predicting rainfall patterns
  • 42. Older oceanic crust sinks beneath continental crust because it is
A) Lighter and younger
B) Hotter and less dense
C) Thicker and buoyant
D) Cooler and denser
  • 43. A plant’s roots split apart a concrete wall. What type of weathering and stress caused this?
A) Abrasion and mechanical
B) Thermal and exfoliation
C) Physical and biological
D) Chemical and hydrolysis
  • 44. Acidic groundwater causes underground limestone to dissolve, forming a sinkhole. This is an example of
A) Chemical weathering and dissolution
B) Physical abrasion
C) Carbonation and erosion
D) Oxidation
  • 45. Why does magma tend to rise toward Earth’s surface?
A) It is less dense than surrounding rock.
B) It is cooler and heavier.
C) It is denser than surrounding rock.
D) It contracts as it cools.
  • 46. Two samples of granite weather differently, one exposed on a mountaintop, another in a humid valley. Which best explains this?
A) Both samples weather equally.
B) Temperature and moisture affect weathering rate.
C) Rock composition varies with altitude.
D) Gravity slows weathering in lowlands.
  • 47. A city engineer observes cracks in a mountain road caused by plant roots. What solution addresses the cause?
A) Spray water regularly
B) Trim vegetation near road edges
C) Cover surface with asphalt
D) Apply more concrete
  • 48. If two continental plates collide, what major structure will form?
A) Subduction zone
B) Mountain range
C) Rift valley
D) Ocean trench
  • 49. If the rate of seafloor spreading increases, what is the long-term effect?
A) The ocean floor cools faster.
B) Ocean basins widen faster.
C) Subduction slows down.
D) Continents converge.
  • 50. Scientists detect that the Atlantic Ocean floor is widening by 3 cm/year. What does this reveal about plate motion?
A) Plates move apart slowly but continuously.
B) The process has stopped.
C) Subduction occurs at the ridge.
D) Earth’s crust is shrinking.
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