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2ND_QUARTER_MARCIANO_EARTH SCI_STEM11
Contributed by: Marciano
  • 1. The process that breaks down rocks into smaller pieces is called
A) Erosion
B) Deposition
C) Weathering
D) Sedimentation
  • 2. Which of the following is a type of physical weathering?
A) Oxidation
B) Hydrolysis
C) Frost wedging
D) Carbonation
  • 3. The breakdown of rocks caused by reaction with oxygen is called
A) Hydration
B) Dissolution
C) Oxidation
D) Carbonation
  • 4. The peeling off of outer rock layers due to temperature changes is
A) Exfoliation
B) Abrasion
C) Frost wedging
D) Dissolution
  • 5. The process of dissolving minerals in water is called
A) Oxidation
B) Dissolution
C) Hydrolysis
D) Abrasion
  • 6. The type of weathering that changes rock composition is
A) Mechanical
B) Chemical
C) Physical
D) Biological
  • 7. The Earth’s temperature increases with
A) Altitude
B) Latitude
C) Depth
D) Distance from core
  • 8. Earth’s internal heat drives
A) Rain formation
B) Erosion
C) Wind systems
D) Mantle convection and plate movement
  • 9. The process by which rocks change due to heat and pressure is
A) Weathering
B) Melting
C) Sedimentation
D) Metamorphism
  • 10. Which is NOT a factor of metamorphism?
A) Chemical activity
B) Pressure
C) Solar radiation
D) Heat
  • 11. The force applied per unit area on rocks is called
A) Stress
B) Fold
C) Strain
D) Fault
  • 12. The stress that squeezes rocks together is
A) Shear
B) Compression
C) Friction
D) Tension
  • 13. The stress that pulls materials apart is
A) Compressional
B) Tensional
C) Shear
D) Pressure
  • 14. The bending of rock layers without breaking is
A) Folding
B) Cracking
C) Fracturing
D) Faulting
  • 15. The crack where rocks move past each other is a
A) Fault
B) Fold
C) Joint
D) Foliation
  • 16. When rocks slide horizontally, it’s caused by
A) Shear
B) Heat
C) Compression
D) Tension stress
  • 17. The idea that new ocean floor is formed at mid-ocean ridges is
A) Continental drift
B) Plate tectonics
C) Subduction
D) Seafloor spreading
  • 18. Who proposed the seafloor spreading hypothesis?
A) Alfred Wegener
B) Harry Hess
C) James Hutton
D) Arthur Holmes
  • 19. The age of ocean rocks increases as you move
A) Toward the ridge
B) Randomly
C) Away from the ridge
D) Toward the trench
  • 20. Evidence for seafloor spreading includes
A) Magnetic patterns and rock ages
B) Volcanoes only
C) Fossil evidence
D) Ocean currents
  • 21. The boundary where seafloor spreading occurs is
A) Divergent
B) Transform
C) Neutral
D) Convergent
  • 22. The molten material that creates new oceanic crust comes from
A) Mantle magma
B) Outer core
C) Crustal rock
D) Asthenosphere gases
  • 23. As the seafloor spreads, continents
A) Stay fixed
B) Move together
C) Move apart
D) Sink
  • 24. The youngest rocks on the seafloor are found
A) Near the trench
B) Near the ridge
C) On continents
D) In subduction zones
  • 25. Which technology helped discover seafloor spreading?
A) Satellite
B) Microscope
C) Sonar mapping
D) Telescope
  • 26. The weathering process accelerated by plants and animals is
A) Carbonation
B) Biological weathering
C) Dissolution
D) Hydrolysis
  • 27. The seafloor spreading theory helped explain
A) Earthquakes
B) Climate change
C) Soil erosion
D) Plate tectonics
  • 28. Which factor does NOT affect rock deformation?
A) Pressure
B) Time
C) Temperature
D) Color
  • 29. Metamorphism literally means
A) Rock destruction
B) Change in form
C) Formation of sediments
D) Melting of magma
  • 30. Which feature on Earth’s surface best shows the release of internal heat?
A) Canyon
B) Volcano
C) Glacier
D) Mountain ridge
  • 31. The heat responsible for volcanism originates from
A) Earth’s interior
B) Sunlight
C) Earth’s rotation
D) Gravitational pull
  • 32. The main cause of physical weathering in cold climates is
A) Acid rain
B) Wind
C) Freezing and thawing of water
D) Chemical reaction
  • 33. The main driving mechanism for seafloor spreading is
A) Wind pressure
B) Gravitational pull
C) Convection currents in the mantle
D) Ocean waves
  • 34. The rocks found near deep-ocean trenches are
A) Recently formed
B) Older
C) Younger
D) The same age as ridge rocks
  • 35. Magnetic reversals on the ocean floor are recorded as
A) Randomly oriented bands
B) Stripes parallel to the ridges
C) Circular patterns
D) Vertical fractures
  • 36. A granite rock exposed to alternating hot days and cool nights starts to crack and peel. What process is happening?
A) Physical weathering by abrasion
B) Chemical weathering by oxidation
C) Chemical weathering by hydrolysis
D) Physical weathering by exfoliation
  • 37. Rocks in a cold mountain region show cracks filled with ice in winter. What will most likely happen over time?
A) Repeated freezing will widen cracks
B) Ice will form new minerals
C) Ice will protect the rock from erosion
D) Cracks will close as ice melts
  • 38. A marble floor turns dull after years of contact with acidic cleaning agents. What type of weathering occurred?
A) Mechanical
B) Biological
C) Chemical
D) Physical
  • 39. If limestone turns into marble, what likely caused it?
A) Chemical weathering
B) Erosion by water
C) Sediment compaction
D) Intense heat and pressure
  • 40. A scientist observes symmetrical magnetic stripes on both sides of a mid-ocean ridge. What can she conclude?
A) The ocean floor is ancient
B) Seafloor spreading is occurring
C) The magnetic field is constant
D) The ridge is inactive
  • 41. Which real-life application of seafloor spreading theory helps predict natural hazards?
A) Predicting rainfall patterns
B) Identifying active earthquake zones
C) Locating mineral deposits
D) Estimating population growth
  • 42. Older oceanic crust sinks beneath continental crust because it is
A) Lighter and younger
B) Cooler and denser
C) Hotter and less dense
D) Thicker and buoyant
  • 43. A plant’s roots split apart a concrete wall. What type of weathering and stress caused this?
A) Chemical and hydrolysis
B) Abrasion and mechanical
C) Physical and biological
D) Thermal and exfoliation
  • 44. Acidic groundwater causes underground limestone to dissolve, forming a sinkhole. This is an example of
A) Oxidation
B) Physical abrasion
C) Chemical weathering and dissolution
D) Carbonation and erosion
  • 45. Why does magma tend to rise toward Earth’s surface?
A) It is less dense than surrounding rock.
B) It is denser than surrounding rock.
C) It is cooler and heavier.
D) It contracts as it cools.
  • 46. Two samples of granite weather differently, one exposed on a mountaintop, another in a humid valley. Which best explains this?
A) Temperature and moisture affect weathering rate.
B) Gravity slows weathering in lowlands.
C) Both samples weather equally.
D) Rock composition varies with altitude.
  • 47. A city engineer observes cracks in a mountain road caused by plant roots. What solution addresses the cause?
A) Apply more concrete
B) Cover surface with asphalt
C) Spray water regularly
D) Trim vegetation near road edges
  • 48. If two continental plates collide, what major structure will form?
A) Mountain range
B) Subduction zone
C) Ocean trench
D) Rift valley
  • 49. If the rate of seafloor spreading increases, what is the long-term effect?
A) Subduction slows down.
B) Ocean basins widen faster.
C) The ocean floor cools faster.
D) Continents converge.
  • 50. Scientists detect that the Atlantic Ocean floor is widening by 3 cm/year. What does this reveal about plate motion?
A) Earth’s crust is shrinking.
B) The process has stopped.
C) Plates move apart slowly but continuously.
D) Subduction occurs at the ridge.
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