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2ND_QUARTER_MARCIANO_EARTH SCI_STEM11
Contributed by: Marciano
  • 1. The process that breaks down rocks into smaller pieces is called
A) Weathering
B) Sedimentation
C) Erosion
D) Deposition
  • 2. Which of the following is a type of physical weathering?
A) Hydrolysis
B) Oxidation
C) Carbonation
D) Frost wedging
  • 3. The breakdown of rocks caused by reaction with oxygen is called
A) Dissolution
B) Hydration
C) Oxidation
D) Carbonation
  • 4. The peeling off of outer rock layers due to temperature changes is
A) Frost wedging
B) Dissolution
C) Exfoliation
D) Abrasion
  • 5. The process of dissolving minerals in water is called
A) Abrasion
B) Dissolution
C) Hydrolysis
D) Oxidation
  • 6. The type of weathering that changes rock composition is
A) Chemical
B) Mechanical
C) Biological
D) Physical
  • 7. The Earth’s temperature increases with
A) Latitude
B) Distance from core
C) Depth
D) Altitude
  • 8. Earth’s internal heat drives
A) Erosion
B) Wind systems
C) Rain formation
D) Mantle convection and plate movement
  • 9. The process by which rocks change due to heat and pressure is
A) Sedimentation
B) Metamorphism
C) Melting
D) Weathering
  • 10. Which is NOT a factor of metamorphism?
A) Pressure
B) Heat
C) Chemical activity
D) Solar radiation
  • 11. The force applied per unit area on rocks is called
A) Fault
B) Stress
C) Fold
D) Strain
  • 12. The stress that squeezes rocks together is
A) Friction
B) Tension
C) Compression
D) Shear
  • 13. The stress that pulls materials apart is
A) Shear
B) Tensional
C) Pressure
D) Compressional
  • 14. The bending of rock layers without breaking is
A) Faulting
B) Fracturing
C) Folding
D) Cracking
  • 15. The crack where rocks move past each other is a
A) Fold
B) Joint
C) Foliation
D) Fault
  • 16. When rocks slide horizontally, it’s caused by
A) Compression
B) Shear
C) Heat
D) Tension stress
  • 17. The idea that new ocean floor is formed at mid-ocean ridges is
A) Subduction
B) Seafloor spreading
C) Plate tectonics
D) Continental drift
  • 18. Who proposed the seafloor spreading hypothesis?
A) Alfred Wegener
B) James Hutton
C) Arthur Holmes
D) Harry Hess
  • 19. The age of ocean rocks increases as you move
A) Toward the ridge
B) Toward the trench
C) Away from the ridge
D) Randomly
  • 20. Evidence for seafloor spreading includes
A) Volcanoes only
B) Magnetic patterns and rock ages
C) Ocean currents
D) Fossil evidence
  • 21. The boundary where seafloor spreading occurs is
A) Convergent
B) Transform
C) Neutral
D) Divergent
  • 22. The molten material that creates new oceanic crust comes from
A) Asthenosphere gases
B) Outer core
C) Mantle magma
D) Crustal rock
  • 23. As the seafloor spreads, continents
A) Stay fixed
B) Sink
C) Move together
D) Move apart
  • 24. The youngest rocks on the seafloor are found
A) On continents
B) Near the ridge
C) In subduction zones
D) Near the trench
  • 25. Which technology helped discover seafloor spreading?
A) Telescope
B) Sonar mapping
C) Microscope
D) Satellite
  • 26. The weathering process accelerated by plants and animals is
A) Dissolution
B) Carbonation
C) Biological weathering
D) Hydrolysis
  • 27. The seafloor spreading theory helped explain
A) Plate tectonics
B) Earthquakes
C) Soil erosion
D) Climate change
  • 28. Which factor does NOT affect rock deformation?
A) Pressure
B) Temperature
C) Time
D) Color
  • 29. Metamorphism literally means
A) Change in form
B) Melting of magma
C) Rock destruction
D) Formation of sediments
  • 30. Which feature on Earth’s surface best shows the release of internal heat?
A) Canyon
B) Glacier
C) Volcano
D) Mountain ridge
  • 31. The heat responsible for volcanism originates from
A) Sunlight
B) Gravitational pull
C) Earth’s interior
D) Earth’s rotation
  • 32. The main cause of physical weathering in cold climates is
A) Acid rain
B) Chemical reaction
C) Wind
D) Freezing and thawing of water
  • 33. The main driving mechanism for seafloor spreading is
A) Gravitational pull
B) Convection currents in the mantle
C) Wind pressure
D) Ocean waves
  • 34. The rocks found near deep-ocean trenches are
A) Older
B) Recently formed
C) The same age as ridge rocks
D) Younger
  • 35. Magnetic reversals on the ocean floor are recorded as
A) Randomly oriented bands
B) Vertical fractures
C) Stripes parallel to the ridges
D) Circular patterns
  • 36. A granite rock exposed to alternating hot days and cool nights starts to crack and peel. What process is happening?
A) Physical weathering by abrasion
B) Chemical weathering by hydrolysis
C) Chemical weathering by oxidation
D) Physical weathering by exfoliation
  • 37. Rocks in a cold mountain region show cracks filled with ice in winter. What will most likely happen over time?
A) Cracks will close as ice melts
B) Repeated freezing will widen cracks
C) Ice will protect the rock from erosion
D) Ice will form new minerals
  • 38. A marble floor turns dull after years of contact with acidic cleaning agents. What type of weathering occurred?
A) Chemical
B) Mechanical
C) Physical
D) Biological
  • 39. If limestone turns into marble, what likely caused it?
A) Erosion by water
B) Intense heat and pressure
C) Chemical weathering
D) Sediment compaction
  • 40. A scientist observes symmetrical magnetic stripes on both sides of a mid-ocean ridge. What can she conclude?
A) Seafloor spreading is occurring
B) The ridge is inactive
C) The magnetic field is constant
D) The ocean floor is ancient
  • 41. Which real-life application of seafloor spreading theory helps predict natural hazards?
A) Locating mineral deposits
B) Identifying active earthquake zones
C) Estimating population growth
D) Predicting rainfall patterns
  • 42. Older oceanic crust sinks beneath continental crust because it is
A) Lighter and younger
B) Hotter and less dense
C) Thicker and buoyant
D) Cooler and denser
  • 43. A plant’s roots split apart a concrete wall. What type of weathering and stress caused this?
A) Chemical and hydrolysis
B) Thermal and exfoliation
C) Physical and biological
D) Abrasion and mechanical
  • 44. Acidic groundwater causes underground limestone to dissolve, forming a sinkhole. This is an example of
A) Oxidation
B) Chemical weathering and dissolution
C) Physical abrasion
D) Carbonation and erosion
  • 45. Why does magma tend to rise toward Earth’s surface?
A) It is less dense than surrounding rock.
B) It is cooler and heavier.
C) It contracts as it cools.
D) It is denser than surrounding rock.
  • 46. Two samples of granite weather differently, one exposed on a mountaintop, another in a humid valley. Which best explains this?
A) Gravity slows weathering in lowlands.
B) Temperature and moisture affect weathering rate.
C) Rock composition varies with altitude.
D) Both samples weather equally.
  • 47. A city engineer observes cracks in a mountain road caused by plant roots. What solution addresses the cause?
A) Apply more concrete
B) Spray water regularly
C) Cover surface with asphalt
D) Trim vegetation near road edges
  • 48. If two continental plates collide, what major structure will form?
A) Rift valley
B) Mountain range
C) Subduction zone
D) Ocean trench
  • 49. If the rate of seafloor spreading increases, what is the long-term effect?
A) Continents converge.
B) The ocean floor cools faster.
C) Subduction slows down.
D) Ocean basins widen faster.
  • 50. Scientists detect that the Atlantic Ocean floor is widening by 3 cm/year. What does this reveal about plate motion?
A) Subduction occurs at the ridge.
B) Earth’s crust is shrinking.
C) The process has stopped.
D) Plates move apart slowly but continuously.
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