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2ND_QUARTER_MARCIANO_EARTH SCI_STEM11
Contributed by: Marciano
  • 1. The process that breaks down rocks into smaller pieces is called
A) Erosion
B) Deposition
C) Weathering
D) Sedimentation
  • 2. Which of the following is a type of physical weathering?
A) Frost wedging
B) Carbonation
C) Oxidation
D) Hydrolysis
  • 3. The breakdown of rocks caused by reaction with oxygen is called
A) Hydration
B) Oxidation
C) Dissolution
D) Carbonation
  • 4. The peeling off of outer rock layers due to temperature changes is
A) Dissolution
B) Exfoliation
C) Frost wedging
D) Abrasion
  • 5. The process of dissolving minerals in water is called
A) Abrasion
B) Hydrolysis
C) Oxidation
D) Dissolution
  • 6. The type of weathering that changes rock composition is
A) Biological
B) Mechanical
C) Physical
D) Chemical
  • 7. The Earth’s temperature increases with
A) Latitude
B) Distance from core
C) Depth
D) Altitude
  • 8. Earth’s internal heat drives
A) Rain formation
B) Mantle convection and plate movement
C) Wind systems
D) Erosion
  • 9. The process by which rocks change due to heat and pressure is
A) Weathering
B) Melting
C) Metamorphism
D) Sedimentation
  • 10. Which is NOT a factor of metamorphism?
A) Solar radiation
B) Heat
C) Pressure
D) Chemical activity
  • 11. The force applied per unit area on rocks is called
A) Strain
B) Fault
C) Stress
D) Fold
  • 12. The stress that squeezes rocks together is
A) Friction
B) Tension
C) Shear
D) Compression
  • 13. The stress that pulls materials apart is
A) Pressure
B) Compressional
C) Tensional
D) Shear
  • 14. The bending of rock layers without breaking is
A) Folding
B) Cracking
C) Fracturing
D) Faulting
  • 15. The crack where rocks move past each other is a
A) Fold
B) Foliation
C) Joint
D) Fault
  • 16. When rocks slide horizontally, it’s caused by
A) Tension stress
B) Compression
C) Heat
D) Shear
  • 17. The idea that new ocean floor is formed at mid-ocean ridges is
A) Seafloor spreading
B) Plate tectonics
C) Continental drift
D) Subduction
  • 18. Who proposed the seafloor spreading hypothesis?
A) Alfred Wegener
B) Harry Hess
C) James Hutton
D) Arthur Holmes
  • 19. The age of ocean rocks increases as you move
A) Toward the trench
B) Randomly
C) Away from the ridge
D) Toward the ridge
  • 20. Evidence for seafloor spreading includes
A) Fossil evidence
B) Magnetic patterns and rock ages
C) Volcanoes only
D) Ocean currents
  • 21. The boundary where seafloor spreading occurs is
A) Transform
B) Neutral
C) Convergent
D) Divergent
  • 22. The molten material that creates new oceanic crust comes from
A) Crustal rock
B) Asthenosphere gases
C) Outer core
D) Mantle magma
  • 23. As the seafloor spreads, continents
A) Move together
B) Move apart
C) Stay fixed
D) Sink
  • 24. The youngest rocks on the seafloor are found
A) Near the trench
B) On continents
C) In subduction zones
D) Near the ridge
  • 25. Which technology helped discover seafloor spreading?
A) Satellite
B) Microscope
C) Telescope
D) Sonar mapping
  • 26. The weathering process accelerated by plants and animals is
A) Biological weathering
B) Carbonation
C) Hydrolysis
D) Dissolution
  • 27. The seafloor spreading theory helped explain
A) Soil erosion
B) Earthquakes
C) Plate tectonics
D) Climate change
  • 28. Which factor does NOT affect rock deformation?
A) Color
B) Time
C) Temperature
D) Pressure
  • 29. Metamorphism literally means
A) Melting of magma
B) Rock destruction
C) Formation of sediments
D) Change in form
  • 30. Which feature on Earth’s surface best shows the release of internal heat?
A) Mountain ridge
B) Volcano
C) Canyon
D) Glacier
  • 31. The heat responsible for volcanism originates from
A) Sunlight
B) Gravitational pull
C) Earth’s rotation
D) Earth’s interior
  • 32. The main cause of physical weathering in cold climates is
A) Wind
B) Freezing and thawing of water
C) Chemical reaction
D) Acid rain
  • 33. The main driving mechanism for seafloor spreading is
A) Convection currents in the mantle
B) Wind pressure
C) Gravitational pull
D) Ocean waves
  • 34. The rocks found near deep-ocean trenches are
A) Recently formed
B) The same age as ridge rocks
C) Older
D) Younger
  • 35. Magnetic reversals on the ocean floor are recorded as
A) Randomly oriented bands
B) Circular patterns
C) Vertical fractures
D) Stripes parallel to the ridges
  • 36. A granite rock exposed to alternating hot days and cool nights starts to crack and peel. What process is happening?
A) Physical weathering by abrasion
B) Physical weathering by exfoliation
C) Chemical weathering by hydrolysis
D) Chemical weathering by oxidation
  • 37. Rocks in a cold mountain region show cracks filled with ice in winter. What will most likely happen over time?
A) Ice will form new minerals
B) Repeated freezing will widen cracks
C) Ice will protect the rock from erosion
D) Cracks will close as ice melts
  • 38. A marble floor turns dull after years of contact with acidic cleaning agents. What type of weathering occurred?
A) Physical
B) Chemical
C) Mechanical
D) Biological
  • 39. If limestone turns into marble, what likely caused it?
A) Chemical weathering
B) Intense heat and pressure
C) Sediment compaction
D) Erosion by water
  • 40. A scientist observes symmetrical magnetic stripes on both sides of a mid-ocean ridge. What can she conclude?
A) The magnetic field is constant
B) The ridge is inactive
C) Seafloor spreading is occurring
D) The ocean floor is ancient
  • 41. Which real-life application of seafloor spreading theory helps predict natural hazards?
A) Predicting rainfall patterns
B) Identifying active earthquake zones
C) Estimating population growth
D) Locating mineral deposits
  • 42. Older oceanic crust sinks beneath continental crust because it is
A) Hotter and less dense
B) Lighter and younger
C) Cooler and denser
D) Thicker and buoyant
  • 43. A plant’s roots split apart a concrete wall. What type of weathering and stress caused this?
A) Physical and biological
B) Abrasion and mechanical
C) Chemical and hydrolysis
D) Thermal and exfoliation
  • 44. Acidic groundwater causes underground limestone to dissolve, forming a sinkhole. This is an example of
A) Chemical weathering and dissolution
B) Physical abrasion
C) Carbonation and erosion
D) Oxidation
  • 45. Why does magma tend to rise toward Earth’s surface?
A) It contracts as it cools.
B) It is cooler and heavier.
C) It is less dense than surrounding rock.
D) It is denser than surrounding rock.
  • 46. Two samples of granite weather differently, one exposed on a mountaintop, another in a humid valley. Which best explains this?
A) Temperature and moisture affect weathering rate.
B) Both samples weather equally.
C) Rock composition varies with altitude.
D) Gravity slows weathering in lowlands.
  • 47. A city engineer observes cracks in a mountain road caused by plant roots. What solution addresses the cause?
A) Spray water regularly
B) Apply more concrete
C) Trim vegetation near road edges
D) Cover surface with asphalt
  • 48. If two continental plates collide, what major structure will form?
A) Subduction zone
B) Ocean trench
C) Rift valley
D) Mountain range
  • 49. If the rate of seafloor spreading increases, what is the long-term effect?
A) Continents converge.
B) Ocean basins widen faster.
C) Subduction slows down.
D) The ocean floor cools faster.
  • 50. Scientists detect that the Atlantic Ocean floor is widening by 3 cm/year. What does this reveal about plate motion?
A) Earth’s crust is shrinking.
B) Plates move apart slowly but continuously.
C) Subduction occurs at the ridge.
D) The process has stopped.
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