A) During the formation of the stratum corneum B) After birth C) Before neurulation D) After neurulation
A) Cornified B) One-layered C) Two-layered D) Three-layered
A) Stratum germinativum B) Embryonic periderm C) Stratum spinosum D) Stratum corneum
A) Malpighian layer B) Stratum granulosum C) Embryonic periderm D) Stratum germinativum
A) Stratum corneum B) Stratum spinosum C) Embryonic periderm D) Stratum granulosum
A) Granular layer B) Periderm C) Malpighian layer D) Cornified layer
A) Louis Pasteur B) Robert Hooke C) Marcello Malpighi D) Gregor Mendel
A) Stratum corneum B) Dermal layer C) Stratum granulosum D) Embryonic periderm
A) Only after birth B) No C) Yes D) Only during stress
A) Keratinocytes B) Periderm cells C) Glucocorticoids D) Fibroblasts
A) Stratum spinosum B) Stratum corneum C) Stratum germinativum D) Stratum granulosum
A) Round spheres B) Cube-shaped C) Flattened sacks D) Elongated fibers
A) In the exact center B) At one end of the cell C) Scattered throughout D) They have no nuclei
A) 30 – 90 milligrams B) 1 – 5 grams C) 10 – 20 milligrams D) 100 – 200 milligrams
A) 5.0 - 10.0 grams B) 0.01 - 0.05 grams C) 0.720 - 2.16 grams D) 20.0 - 50.0 grams
A) Autocrine growth factor B) Inhibitory growth factor C) Endocrine growth factor D) Paracrine growth factor
A) Stop cell division B) Regulate dermal fibroblasts C) Stimulate their own division D) Produce keratin granules
A) TGFα B) TGFβ C) FGF2 D) FGF7
A) Autocrine growth factor B) Paracrine growth factor C) Endocrine growth factor D) Hormonal factor
A) Stratum corneum B) Underlying dermal fibroblasts C) Stratum granulosum D) Embryonic periderm
A) Production of sweat B) Hydration of the stratum corneum C) Proliferation of basal cells D) Shedding of skin flakes
A) Cytoskeletal proteins linked to cell-cell junctions B) High water content C) Loose fat deposits D) Autocrine growth factors
A) Highly organized lipids, acids, hydrolytic enzymes, and antimicrobial peptides B) Loose cellular junctions C) High external humidity D) Glucocorticoids
A) Chemical barrier B) Physical barrier C) Non-pathogenic microorganisms D) Immunologically active barrier
A) It increases B) It fluctuates wildly C) It drops D) It remains constant
A) 5.0 B) 9.0 C) 3.0 D) 7.0
A) By increasing skin pH B) By absorbing UV light C) By breaking down keratinocytes D) By competing for food and producing inhibitory chemical secretions
A) Insulin B) Adrenaline C) Thyroxine D) Glucocorticoids
A) It increases cell division B) It has no effect C) It strengthens it D) It compromises it
A) Changes in atmospheric pressure B) Sudden and large shifts in humidity C) Exposure to UV light D) Gradual temperature drops
A) Internal organ failure B) Severe trauma C) Bone fractures D) Minor injury
A) Infrared heat B) Radio waves C) X-rays D) UV light
A) Dermis B) Epidermis C) Hypodermis D) Basement membrane
A) 31.2 μm B) 1000 μm C) 596.6 μm D) 90 μm
A) Stratified squamous epithelium B) Simple columnar epithelium C) Pseudostratified epithelium D) Simple squamous epithelium
A) Diffused oxygen from surrounding air B) Dermal blood vessels via direct contact C) Arterioles and venules D) Blood capillaries inside the layer
A) Keratins B) Corneodesmosomes C) Cadherins D) Melanocytes
A) About 5 layers B) About 50 layers C) About 15 layers D) About 2 layers
A) Basement membrane B) Rete ridges C) Lamellar bodies D) Plasma membrane
A) Corneodesmosomes B) Rete ridges C) Hemidesmosomes D) Cadherins
A) They are displaced outward B) They divide into stem cells C) They remain stationary D) They move inward
A) Loss exceeds production B) Production equals loss C) They are completely independent D) Production exceeds loss
A) About 48 days B) An additional four weeks C) About two weeks D) A few hours
A) A protein concentration gradient B) A temperature gradient C) A calcium gradient D) A sodium gradient
A) The calcium gradient B) The shedding of squamous sheets C) The rate of cell division D) The secretion of melanin
A) Keratin filaments B) Blood plasma proteins C) Intracellular stores D) Extracellular melanin
A) Intracellular sodium receptor B) Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor C) Light-sensitive photoreceptor D) Voltage-gated potassium receptor
A) Corneometry B) Biopsy C) Melanometry D) Keratometry
A) Keratinocytes B) Stratum corneum C) Melanocytes D) Merkel cells
A) Into chemical gradients B) Into electrical signals C) Into lipid barriers D) Into melanin pigments
A) A localized lack of melanocytes B) Diffuse epidermal hyperplasia C) Thickening of the stratum corneum only D) A benign condition simulating squamous cell carcinoma
A) A black, poorly defined, velvety hyperpigmented acanthosis B) A localized thickening of the stratum corneum C) Irregular squamous strands extending down into the dermis D) Multiple white to pinkish papules in the oral cavity
A) Squamous cell carcinoma B) Heck's disease C) Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia D) Acanthosis nigricans
A) Heck's disease B) Diffuse acanthosis C) Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia D) Acanthosis nigricans
A) No B) Only after UV exposure C) Only in white and Asian skin D) Yes |