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Causes of World War I - Quiz
Contributed by: Roe
  • 1. What mission took place in February 1912?
A) Persian Mission
B) London Mission
C) Balkan Mission
D) Haldane Mission
  • 2. What was the main purpose of the Haldane Mission?
A) To halt the Anglo-German naval arms race
B) To divide the Portuguese Empire
C) To sign a peace treaty for the Balkans
D) To form an alliance against Russia
  • 3. Why did the Anglo-German naval arms race pause in late 1912?
A) Britain increased its naval budget
B) The Portuguese Empire collapsed
C) The Kaiser signed a disarmament treaty
D) Germany cut its naval budget
  • 4. In April 1913, what did Britain and Germany agree upon?
A) Borders in the Balkans
B) Trade routes in Persia
C) Naval construction limits
D) African territories of the Portuguese Empire
  • 5. Why were the British annoyed with St. Petersburg in the years leading to 1914?
A) Failure to support the Haldane Mission
B) Support for the Portuguese Empire
C) Increased naval activity in the North Sea
D) Failure to observe the 1907 agreement
  • 6. Which regions were mentioned as areas where Russian actions threatened British interests?
A) Africa and the Middle East
B) The Balkans and Morocco
C) Portugal and Spain
D) Persia and India
  • 7. What 1908 publication implied that Kaiser Wilhelm wanted war?
A) The London Times editorial
B) The Anglo-German treaty
C) The Foreign Office report
D) The Daily Telegraph interview
  • 8. By 1914, how was Kaiser Wilhelm increasingly viewed by the British?
A) As an incompetent leader
B) As an ally of Russia
C) As a guardian of peace
D) As a primary aggressor
  • 9. Which feature of international politics ceased after the Moroccan Crisis?
A) Naval arms races
B) Diplomatic telegrams
C) Anglo-German press wars
D) Colonial expansion
  • 10. What did H. H. Asquith state in early 1913 regarding Britain and Germany?
A) Diplomatic ties should be severed
B) Naval competition must increase
C) War is becoming inevitable
D) Public opinion points to an intimate and friendly understanding
  • 11. What did British diplomat Arthur Nicolson write in May 1914?
A) I have not seen such calm waters
B) The Russian alliance is failing
C) Germany is preparing an invasion
D) The threat of war is at an all-time high
  • 12. Who was the Anglophile German Ambassador in 1914?
A) H. H. Asquith
B) Karl Max, Prince Lichnowsky
C) Kaiser Wilhelm
D) Arthur Nicolson
  • 13. What did Prince Lichnowsky deplore regarding Germany's actions in July 1914?
A) Britain refused to mediate
B) Russia declared war first
C) Germany acted hastily
D) The naval budget was too small
  • 14. How long did the Portuguese Empire eventually last?
A) Into the 1970s
B) Until the start of WWI
C) Until 1920
D) Until 1915
  • 15. What is the general stance of historians regarding the inevitability of a European war in 1914?
A) It should not be seen as inevitable
B) It was unavoidable due to the arms race
C) It was predetermined by the Moroccan Crisis
D) It was destined by the Portuguese Empire's collapse
  • 16. Which conflict served as a distant origin for World War I?
A) The Franco-Prussian War
B) The Triple Alliance
C) The Second Boer War
D) The Anglo-Russian Convention
  • 17. What territory did Germany annex, causing French resentment?
A) The Balkans
B) Alsace-Lorraine
C) Morocco
D) Prussia
  • 18. What term was used to describe the French desire for revenge against Germany?
A) Détente
B) Isolationism
C) Entente
D) Revanchism
  • 19. How did Bismarck try to placate France during his later years?
A) By providing financial aid
B) By forming a military alliance
C) By returning Alsace-Lorraine
D) By encouraging overseas expansion
  • 20. Who was the French ambassador to Berlin between 1907 and 1914?
A) Arthur Nicolson
B) Eyre Crowe
C) Théophile Delcassé
D) Jules Cambon
  • 21. Which alliance was formed between France and Russia in 1894?
A) The Franco-Russian Alliance
B) The Anglo-Russian Convention
C) The Triple Entente
D) The Entente Cordiale
  • 22. Which country abandoned its policy of 'splendid isolation' in the 1900s?
A) Austria-Hungary
B) Britain
C) Russia
D) Germany
  • 23. Which historian argues that Britain chose France and Russia because Germany was a weak ally?
A) Niall Ferguson
B) Arthur Nicolson
C) Jules Cambon
D) Eyre Crowe
  • 24. Which diplomatic event is cited as the beginning of a series of crises between 1905 and 1914?
A) The annexation of Alsace-Lorraine
B) The Franco-Prussian War
C) The First Moroccan Crisis
D) The Boer War
  • 25. What feeling did Germany experience as a result of the formation of the Triple Entente?
A) Confidence
B) Superiority
C) Indifference
D) Encirclement
  • 26. Who arranged the secret Reinsurance Treaty of 1887?
A) Friedrich von Holstein
B) Count Leo von Caprivi
C) Otto von Bismarck
D) The Austro-Hungarian Emperor
  • 27. Who replaced Bismarck as chancellor?
A) Wilhelm II
B) Klemens von Metternich
C) Count Leo von Caprivi
D) Friedrich von Holstein
  • 28. Who counseled Caprivi to follow a more logical approach instead of Bismarck's complex strategy?
A) Friedrich von Holstein
B) The Italian Prime Minister
C) Otto von Bismarck
D) The Russian Tsar
  • 29. What specific provision were the Russians willing to sacrifice to keep the Reinsurance Treaty?
A) The Balkan border agreements
B) The trade tariffs on Russian bonds
C) The very secret additions concerning the Turkish Straits
D) The military support for France
  • 30. Which country joined the Dual Alliance in 1882?
A) France
B) Russia
C) Italy
D) The Ottoman Empire
  • 31. On what date was Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated?
A) 28 July 1914
B) 28 June 1913
C) 28 June 1914
D) 14 June 1914
  • 32. Who shot Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife?
A) Danilo Ilić
B) Gavrilo Princip
C) Berchtold
D) Franz Josef
  • 33. In which city did the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand take place?
A) Vienna
B) Berlin
C) Sarajevo
D) Belgrade
  • 34. Who coordinated the group of six assassins?
A) Danilo Ilić
B) Gavrilo Princip
C) Franz Ferdinand
D) Franz Josef
  • 35. What was the name of the secret society involved in the assassination?
A) Black Hand
B) The Union
C) White Hand
D) Red Hand
  • 36. How old was Emperor Franz Josef at the time of the assassination?
A) 54
B) 74
C) 64
D) 84
  • 37. How many assassins were in the group that carried out the attack?
A) Six
B) Five
C) Four
D) Seven
  • 38. How did The Independent describe the assassination of the Archduke?
A) A minor event that would be easily resolved
B) Deplorable but relatively insignificant
C) The inevitable start of a global war
D) A justified act of Serbian nationalism
  • 39. Which countries were allied with Germany on one side of the conflict?
A) Britain
B) France
C) Austria-Hungary
D) Russia
  • 40. Who was the heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne?
A) Franz Ferdinand
B) Danilo Ilić
C) Franz Josef
D) Gavrilo Princip
  • 41. How many people died in World War I?
A) 10 million
B) 25 million
C) 5 million
D) 17 million
  • 42. Which country did Germany mistakenly believe would remain neutral?
A) United Kingdom
B) Russia
C) France
D) Belgium
  • 43. Since what year do historians trace the changes in the European balance of power?
A) 1914
B) 1888
C) 1867
D) 1900
  • 44. Which of these powers was NOT listed as one of the Great Powers before 1914?
A) Russia
B) Austria-Hungary
C) Italy
D) Belgium
  • 45. Which country signed the Pact of Cartagena in 1907 due to the First Moroccan Crisis?
A) Russia
B) Spain
C) Italy
D) Austria-Hungary
  • 46. What ship did Germany send to Agadir in 1911?
A) SMS Tirpitz
B) SMS Kaiser
C) SMS Bismarck
D) SMS Panther
  • 47. Which British politician gave the Mansion House speech in 1911?
A) Winston Churchill
B) David Lloyd George
C) Edward Grey
D) Herbert Asquith
  • 48. In what region did Italy defeat the Ottoman Empire?
A) Southern Europe
B) The Balkans
C) North Africa
D) The Middle East
  • 49. What Ottoman province did Italy capture?
A) The Balkan Peninsula
B) Tripolitania Vilayet
C) Constantinople
D) Anatolian Vilayet
  • 50. Which of these was a sanjak of the Tripolitania Vilayet?
A) Anatolia
B) Thessalonica
C) Constantinople
D) Fezzan
  • 51. What is the modern name for the territory formed by Tripolitania, Cyrenaica, and Fezzan?
A) Egypt
B) Tunisia
C) Algeria
D) Libya
  • 52. When did the Balkan Wars take place?
A) 1905–1906
B) 1914–1915
C) 1912–1913
D) 1910–1911
  • 53. Which nation was defeated in the Second Balkan War?
A) Serbia
B) Greece
C) Montenegro
D) Bulgaria
  • 54. What kingdom pushed for the union of all South Slavs after the Balkan Wars?
A) Serbia
B) Bulgaria
C) Greece
D) Montenegro
  • 55. Which country did Serbia demand an Albanian port from in 1912?
A) Albania
B) Romania
C) Greece
D) Bulgaria
  • 56. What international conference created an independent Albania?
A) Berlin Conference
B) London Conference
C) Paris Conference
D) Vienna Conference
  • 57. What forced Montenegro to comply with the ultimatum regarding Albania?
A) Ottoman naval blockade
B) Bulgarian threats
C) Austro-Hungarian military preparations
D) Russian intervention
  • 58. What was the date of the German Imperial War Council that signaled Germany was not ready to support Austria-Hungary?
A) 2 May 1912
B) 17 October 1913
C) 8 December 1912
D) July 1913
  • 59. During the 1890s and 1900s, what was the nature of the Franco-Russian alliance?
A) Non-existent
B) Offensive
C) Defensive
D) Economic only
  • 60. Who described the change in the alliance as a very important development making the 1914 events possible?
A) Otto Liman von Sanders
B) Christopher Clark
C) Sergei Sazonov
D) Poincare
  • 61. Which group strongly opposed the idea of adding Poland as a third kingdom to the empire?
A) The Poles
B) The Hungarians
C) The Czechs
D) The Italians
  • 62. Which group in Galicia was deeply loyal to the Austrian dynasty?
A) Polish aristocrats
B) Romanian bureaucrats
C) German immigrants
D) Ukrainian peasants
  • 63. What was a benefit of strengthening the position of Galician Polish aristocrats?
A) Counterbalancing Czech demands for autonomy
B) Increasing the military draft quota
C) Reducing the influence of the Catholic Church
D) Eliminating trade tariffs
  • 64. How many official nationalities existed in the Habsburg Empire?
A) Thirteen
B) Nine
C) Eleven
D) Fifteen
  • 65. What term did contemporaries use to describe the Austro-Hungarian Empire's state of political health?
A) Democratic
B) Moribund
C) Thriving
D) Industrialized
  • 66. How does the text characterize the radical nationalists seeking full separation from the empire before 1914?
A) The primary governing elite
B) A rising military power
C) A small minority
D) The majority of the population
  • 67. What characterized the Habsburg lands in the decade before the war?
A) Strong economic growth
B) Widespread economic collapse
C) Deindustrialization
D) Complete stagnation
  • 68. What group dominated the German government and feared the rise of left-wing parties?
A) Prussian Junkers
B) The military aristocracy
C) Liberal democrats
D) Socialists
  • 69. Who famously argued that the German Junker class sought war to distract the population?
A) David G. Williamson
B) Moritz von Lynker
C) Fritz Fischer
D) Ernst von Heydebrand und der Lasa
  • 70. What did Ernst von Heydebrand und der Lasa suggest a war would do?
A) Eliminate the Prussian Junkers
B) Expand colonial holdings
C) Strengthen patriarchal order
D) Destroy the monarchy
  • 71. What term refers to the alleged 'stab in the back' of the army by socialists?
A) Lebensraum
B) Realpolitik
C) Dolchstoss
D) Blitzkrieg
  • 72. Which of these territories was considered an 'irredent land' belonging to Austria-Hungary?
A) Trentino-Alto Adige
B) Turin
C) Naples
D) Sicily
  • 73. Who were the primary groups in Italy that militantly supported entering WWI?
A) Neutralists
B) Socialists
C) Pacifists
D) Nationalists
  • 74. What newspaper did Benito Mussolini use to urge support for the war?
A) Il Popolo d'Italia
B) La Stampa
C) Corriere della Sera
D) Avanti!
  • 75. Who was the former prime minister furious over Italy's decision to fight its former allies?
A) Gabriele D'Annunzio
B) Benito Mussolini
C) Luigi Federzoni
D) Giovanni Giolitti
  • 76. What organization was an influential semi-secret force in Italian politics with thousands of members?
A) Freemasonry
B) The Catholic Church
C) The Army leadership
D) The Socialist Party
  • 77. What did Giovanni Giolitti predict would happen if Italy went to war?
A) Increased prosperity
B) Immediate victory
C) A catastrophic rebellion
D) The collapse of the Triple Entente
  • 78. What state served as the inspiration for Serbia's goal of uniting South Slavs?
A) The Kingdom of Prussia
B) The Austro-Hungarian Empire
C) Piedmont-Sardinia
D) The Principality of Bulgaria
  • 79. When did Austria-Hungary annex Bosnia and Herzegovina?
A) 1908
B) 1914
C) 1878
D) 1885
  • 80. Who led the 'Black Hand' terrorist organization?
A) Apis
B) Michael Pupin
C) Milan I
D) Nikola Pašić
  • 81. Why was the Serbian government unable to suppress the Black Hand?
A) The group was too popular among the peasant population.
B) The Russian government protected the Black Hand members.
C) They lacked the military strength to confront them.
D) They feared the organization would overthrow the government.
  • 82. How did Edward Carr describe European wars before 1900?
A) They were focused on securing trade routes in the Americas.
B) They were nonexistent because of the balance of power.
C) They were waged against 'primitive' peoples.
D) They were fought exclusively between major empires.
  • 83. Who famously connected the Battle of Kosovo to the assassination of Franz Ferdinand?
A) Michael Pupin
B) Edward Carr
C) Winston Churchill
D) Nikola Pašić
  • 84. Which event is cited as an example of imperial opportunism that encouraged the Balkan wars?
A) The German expansion into Serbia
B) The Italian attack on Ottoman Libyan provinces
C) The Russian annexation of Persia
D) The French occupation of Morocco
  • 85. What was Otto von Bismarck's stance on an overseas empire?
A) He disliked the idea.
B) He was a strong advocate for it.
C) He planned to build a massive colonial empire in Africa.
D) He believed it was essential for German security.
  • 86. Which canal did the Berlin–Baghdad railway aim to bypass?
A) The Panama Canal.
B) The Suez Canal.
C) The Corinth Canal.
D) The Kiel Canal.
  • 87. According to Lenin, what emerged from the 'free competition' stage of capitalism?
A) Agrarian socialism
B) Imperialism
C) State-controlled feudalism
D) Abolition of private property
  • 88. What is described as the result of merging bank capital with industrial capital?
A) Market competition
B) Financial oligarchy
C) Democratic socialism
D) International labor unions
  • 89. According to the text, what was the French appetite directed toward?
A) Belgium
B) Lorraine
C) Persia
D) The Ottoman Empire
  • 90. What was the primary reserve currency of the world during the 19th and early 20th century?
A) The US dollar
B) The gold standard
C) The pound sterling
D) The German mark
  • 91. What percentage of world trade was invoiced in pounds sterling during this period?
A) Exactly 50%
B) Over 60%
C) Around 40%
D) Less than 25%
  • 92. Who mobilized whom according to William Mulligan?
A) Industrialists mobilized the Kaiser
B) Governments mobilized bankers
C) Military leaders mobilized bankers
D) Bankers mobilized governments
  • 93. What theory influenced European strategic thinkers between 1870 and 1914?
A) Isolationism
B) Marxism
C) Social Darwinism
D) Liberalism
  • 94. According to Social Darwinism, what is considered natural between nations and races?
A) Struggle
B) Pacifism
C) Diplomacy
D) Cooperation
  • 95. Who was viewed as the natural opponent of the Teutonic races by many Germans?
A) Anglo-Saxons
B) Slavs
C) Celts
D) Latins
  • 96. What did German colonization in Africa primarily use to maintain control?
A) Democratic elections
B) Repressive violence
C) Peaceful trade agreements
D) Cultural assimilation only
  • 97. What system did major powers use to ensure they had a large pool of trained soldiers?
A) Conscription
B) Colonial drafting
C) Voluntary recruitment
D) Mercenary hiring
  • 98. What technology was essential for mobilizing reserves quickly to key points?
A) Rail
B) Steamships
C) Telegraphy
D) Automobiles
  • 99. Which country had 4.0 million reservists by 1897?
A) Austria
B) France
C) Germany
D) Russia
  • 100. What did the First Hague Conference of 1899 aim to discuss?
A) Colonial expansion
B) Territorial borders
C) Trade tariffs
D) Disarmament
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