- 1. Bromo volcano is a prominent and iconic landmark on the island of Java, Indonesia. Known for its stunning sunrise views and the dramatic caldera, it's a popular destination for tourists and adventurers. What is the primary geological feature that makes Mount Bromo so recognizable?
A) A perfectly circular crater.
B) A series of interconnected lava tubes.
C) Extensive lava flows visible from afar.
D) A very steep, symmetrical cone.
- 2. Mount Bromo is part of the Tengger massif, a large volcanic complex. What is the elevation of Mount Bromo?
A) 2,000 meters (6,561 feet)
B) 2,329 meters (7,641 feet)
C) 1,760 meters (5,774 feet)
D) 3,142 meters (10,308 feet)
- 3. The landscape surrounding Bromo is often described as otherworldly. It is characterized by a vast sea of sand. What is this area officially known as?
A) Crater Floor
B) Sea of Sand (Lautan Pasir)
C) Volcanic Plains
D) Ash Desert
- 4. One of the most iconic experiences at Bromo is witnessing the sunrise. What is the typical vantage point recommended for the best sunrise view?
A) The Tengger caldera floor
B) Mount Penanjakan
C) The rim of the Bromo crater
D) The village of Cemoro Lawang
- 5. Mount Bromo is an active volcano. What is the main type of eruption that Bromo is known for?
A) Hawaiian eruptions (effusive lava flows)
B) Phreatic eruptions (steam-driven)
C) Plinian eruptions (large, explosive)
D) Strombolian eruptions (mild explosions)
- 6. The Tenggerese people are indigenous to the area around Mount Bromo and have unique cultural practices. What is the name of the major annual festival held by the Tenggerese people?
A) Hari Raya Idul Fitri
B) Gamelan Festival
C) Nyepi
D) Yadnya Kasada
- 7. During the Yadnya Kasada festival, offerings are made to the volcano. What do the Tenggerese people typically offer?
A) Gold and precious jewels
B) Incense and prayer beads
C) Sacrificial animals only
D) Vegetables, fruits, livestock, and money
- 8. Mount Bromo is part of the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park. What other famous active volcano is located within this same national park?
A) Mount Merapi
B) Mount Rinjani
C) Mount Agung
D) Mount Semeru
- 9. The Bromo caldera itself is quite large. What is the approximate diameter of the Bromo caldera?
A) About 50 kilometers (31 miles)
B) About 10 kilometers (6 miles)
C) About 25 kilometers (15 miles)
D) About 1 kilometer (0.6 miles)
- 10. To reach the crater rim of Mount Bromo, visitors often have to climb. What is the primary mode of transport across the Sea of Sand to the base of the volcano?
A) Walking only
B) Motorcycle
C) Bus
D) Jeep or horseback
- 11. The air around Bromo can be quite thin due to its altitude. What is a common recommendation for visitors regarding physical exertion?
A) Drink plenty of caffeine.
B) Pace yourself and take breaks.
C) Run to the top for the best experience.
D) Avoid any strenuous activity.
- 12. The name 'Bromo' is believed to be derived from the Javanese word for Brahma, the Hindu god of creation. This reflects the cultural influences in the region. What is the main religion practiced by the Tenggerese people?
A) Islam
B) Christianity
C) Buddhism
D) Hinduism (a syncretic form)
- 13. Mount Bromo is a stratovolcano. What is a stratovolcano characterized by?
A) Steep conical shape with alternating layers of lava and ash.
B) A cluster of volcanic domes.
C) Broad, gently sloping sides with fluid lava.
D) A large, collapsed caldera.
- 14. The volcanic activity of Bromo has shaped the local economy. What is a major economic activity for the communities surrounding Mount Bromo?
A) Industrial manufacturing
B) Mining of rare minerals
C) Rice farming
D) Tourism
- 15. What is the geological age of the Tengger Caldera, of which Bromo is a part?
A) Cenozoic (66 million years ago to present)
B) Holocene (last 11,700 years)
C) Mesozoic (252 to 66 million years ago)
D) Pleistocene (2.6 million to 11,700 years ago)
- 16. The landscape of Bromo is often compared to other desert-like environments. What is a key difference between the Sea of Sand at Bromo and a typical desert?
A) It experiences much colder temperatures.
B) It has significantly more vegetation.
C) It is composed of volcanic ash and sand, not just rock fragments.
D) It is much flatter and more expansive.
- 17. The weather at Mount Bromo can be unpredictable. What is the typical climate like at higher elevations, especially during sunrise?
A) Hot and humid
B) Mild and rainy
C) Cold and windy
D) Very hot and dry
- 18. What is the nearest major city to Mount Bromo, often used as a starting point for tours?
A) Surabaya
B) Bandung
C) Denpasar
D) Yogyakarta
- 19. The volcanic ash from eruptions can travel long distances. What are the potential impacts of volcanic ash on air travel?
A) Disruption and cancellation of flights
B) Improved visibility for pilots
C) Enhanced engine performance
D) No significant impact
- 20. The Tengger caldera is a large caldera formed by the collapse of a much larger volcano. What is the likely cause of such a collapse?
A) Continuous erosion over millions of years.
B) Subsidence due to tectonic plate movement.
C) Impact from a large meteorite.
D) A massive eruption emptying the magma chamber.
- 21. The unique landscape of Bromo has made it a popular filming location. For what genre of films is it particularly well-suited due to its dramatic scenery?
A) Historical dramas
B) Science fiction or fantasy
C) Documentaries about marine life
D) Romantic comedies
- 22. When visiting Mount Bromo, it is essential to be aware of safety guidelines. What is one crucial safety precaution to observe?
A) Approach the active crater closely to feel the heat.
B) Climb over any fences for a better view.
C) Stay within designated paths and observe warning signs.
D) Ignore local guides' advice.
- 23. The geological formations around Bromo, like the 'Whispering Sands', are a result of volcanic processes. What is the primary material that forms these sands?
A) Eroded river rocks
B) Crushed seashells
C) Fine volcanic ash and pumice
D) Sediments from a ancient lake
- 24. What is the typical time of day when the volcanic gases and steam are most visible rising from the crater of Mount Bromo?
A) Throughout the night
B) Midday, under the harshest sun
C) Late afternoon, as the sun sets
D) Early morning, especially after sunrise
- 25. The Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park is a protected area. What is one of the primary goals of establishing such national parks?
A) Industrial development for economic growth
B) Urban expansion and housing projects
C) Conservation of natural resources and biodiversity
D) Exclusive use by local royalty
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