Culture and Anarchy by Matthew Arnold
- 1. Culture and Anarchy is a seminal work by the Victorian poet and cultural critic Matthew Arnold, first published in 1869. In this text, Arnold explores the tension between cultural development and societal disarray during a time of rapid industrialization and social change in England. He articulates his vision of culture as a force that elevates human experience, fostering a deeper understanding of life through the appreciation of art, literature, and moral excellence. Arnold critiques the narrow-mindedness of the working classes and the complacency of the upper classes, advocating for a cohesive society united by shared cultural values rather than class distinctions. He introduces the concept of the 'best which has been thought and said' as a guiding principle for achieving true culture, which he sees as essential for addressing the anarchy of contemporary life. Drawing on classical philosophy, particularly the ideas of Plato and Aristotle, Arnold emphasizes the role of education in cultivating a more enlightened citizenry capable of contributing to the common good. Throughout the work, he raises questions about authority, freedom, and the individual's role in society, ultimately arguing that a harmonious balance between culture and social order is crucial to avoid chaos and foster true human flourishing.
What year was 'Culture and Anarchy' first published?
A) 1869
B) 1885
C) 1848
D) 1901
- 2. Matthew Arnold defines culture as the pursuit of what?
A) Wealth
B) Perfection
C) Power
D) Happiness
- 3. The middle class is identified by Arnold as what?
A) Proletariat
B) Populace
C) Philistines
D) Barbarians
- 4. Arnold believed culture could combat what social condition?
A) Anarchy
B) Disease
C) Ignorance
D) Poverty
- 5. Arnold argued that culture should be pursued for its own what?
A) Profit
B) Utility
C) Sake
D) Fame
- 6. Arnold believed the pursuit of culture required what quality?
A) Disinterestedness
B) Ambition
C) Power
D) Wealth
- 7. What institution did Arnold work for that influenced his views?
A) Parliament
B) Newspaper editor
C) School inspector
D) University professor
- 8. What did Arnold mean by 'Hebraism'?
A) Greek philosophy
B) Strict moral obedience
C) Artistic expression
D) Scientific inquiry
- 9. What literary form did Arnold use for 'Culture and Anarchy'?
A) Play
B) Essays
C) Poetry
D) Novel
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