Chapter 4 Multiple Choice and Essay
  • 1. According to John Dalton's observations, when elements combine in a compound,
A) their masses are always equal.
B) the ratio of their masses is always the same.
C) each element contributes an equal number of atoms.
D) their volumes are always equal.
  • 2. Rutherford's gold foil experiment provided evidence for which of the following?
A) Gold is not as dense as previously thought.
B) Alpha particles have a positive charge.
C) Negative and positive charges are spread evenly throughout an atom.
D) There is a dense, positively charged mass in the center of an atom.
  • 3. In an atomic model that includes a nucleus, positive charge is
A) concentrated in the center of an atom.
B) located in the space outside the nucleus.
C) spread evenly throughout an atom.
D) concentrated at multiple sites in an atom.
  • 4. Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?
A) electron
B) neutron
C) proton
  • 5. Which statement about subatomic particles is true?
A) An electron has far less mass then either a proton or a neutron.
B) Unlike protons or neutrons, electrons have no mass.
C) Neutrons have no charge and no mass.
D) Protons, neutrons, and electrons all have about the same mass.
  • 6. Which of the following is unique for any given element?
A) the number of neutrons
B) the number of protons
C) the mass of the neutron
D) the charge on the electrons
  • 7. The number of protons in one atom of an element is the element's
A) atomic number
B) mass number
C) charge
D) isotope
  • 8. To find the number of neutrons in an atom, you would subtract
A) atomic number from electron number
B) mass number from atomic number
C) atomic number from mass number
D) isotope number from atomic number
  • 9. In Niels Bohr's model of the atom, electrons move
A) like planets orbiting the sun.
B) like balls rolling down a hill.
C) like beach balls on water waves.
D) like popcorn in a popper.
  • 10. What does the electron cloud model describe?
A) the number of electrons in an atom
B) the most likely locations of electrons in an atom
C) the precise location of electrons in an atom
D) the mass of the electrons in the atom
  • 11. Which statement about alkali metals is correct?
A) they form negative ions
B) they are located in the left-most column of the periodic table
C) the are extremely nonreactive
D) they are usually gases
  • 12. A mole is an SI base unit that describes the
A) volume of a substance
B) amount of a substance
C) mass of a substance
D) electric charge of a substance
  • 13. Moving from left to right across a row of the periodic table, which of the following values increases by exactly one from element to element?
A) isotope number
B) atomic mass unit
C) mass number
D) atomic number
  • 14. The tendency of an element to react chemically is closely related to
A) the number of valence electrons in atoms of the element
B) how tightly atoms are packed in the element
C) its atomic mass
D) the ratio of protons to neutrons in atoms of the element
  • 15. Which statement is true about oxygen-17 and oxygen-18?
A) They have the same mass number
B) They are isotopes of oxygen
C) they do not have the same number of protons
D) their masses are identical
  • 16. In a periodic table, a set of properties repeats from
A) group to group
B) row to row
C) element to element
D) column to column
  • 17. Which list of elements contains only metals?
A) sodium, chromium, copper
B) helium, carbon, gold
C) phosphorus, nitrogen, oxygen
D) iodine, iron, nickel
  • 18. The usefulness of Mendeleev's periodic table was confirmed by
A) the discovery of the nucleus.
B) the discovery of subatomic particles.
C) the immediate acceptance by other scientists.
D) the discovery of elements with predicted properties.
  • 19. An alkali metal has one valence electron, while an alkaline earth metal has
A) three
B) four
C) two
D) none
  • 20. As you move from left to right across a period, the number of valence electrons
A) increases
B) decreases
C) increases then decreases
D) stays the same
  • 21. The standard on which the atomic mass unit is based is the mass of a
A) carbon-12 atom
B) proton
C) chlorine-35 atom
D) neutron
  • 22. The charge on an electron is
A) -1
B) -2
C) +1
D) 0
  • 23. The relative mass of an electron is
A) 0
B) 1
C) 1/18
D) 1/1840
  • 24. Valence electrons determine an atom's
A) number of neutrons
B) chemical properties
C) period
D) mass
  • 25. Ionization refers to the process of
A) changing from lithium into fluorine
B) losing or gaining protons
C) changing from one period to another
D) losing or gaining electrons
  • 26. An atomic mass unit is equal to
A) one-half the mass of a hydrogen atom
B) one-fourth the mass of a lithium atom
C) one-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom
D) one-fifteenth the mass of a nitrogen-15 atom
  • 27. Which statement about noble gases is correct?
A) they can form compounds with bright colors
B) They exist as single elements rather than molecules
C) they are highly reactive
D) they are rare in nature
  • 28. Semiconductors are elements that
A) do not form compounds
B) have large atomic masses but small atomic numbers
C) can conduct electric current only under certain conditions
D) are extremely hard
  • 29. Carbon and other nonmetals are found in which area of the periodic table?
A) in the middle
B) on the left
C) on the bottom
D) on the right
  • 30. Avogadro's constant in defined as the number of particles in
A) one gram of a pure substance
B) one kilogram of a pure substance.
C) one mole of a pure substance
D) one liter of a pure substance
  • 31. How many protons are in an atom of bromine?
A) 172
B) 80
C) 35
D) 79
  • 32. Explain how isotopes affect an element's average atomic mass.
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