- 1. Which theory explains the origin of the universe as a rapid expansion from a singular point?
A) Big Bang Theory
B) Steady State Theory
C) Nebular Hypothesis
D) Geocentric Model
- 2. What is the largest planet in the Solar System?
A) Saturn
B) Jupiter
C) Neptune
D) Earth
- 3. Which system of the Earth includes rocks, mountains, and the ocean floor?
A) Hydrosphere
B) Atmosphere
C) Biosphere
D) Geosphere
- 4. Which Earth system contains all the living organisms?
A) Atmosphere
B) Hydrosphere
C) Lithosphere
D) Biosphere
- 5. What is the Earth’s outermost layer?
A) Inner core
B) Mantle
C) Outer core
D) Crust
- 6. What is the primary source of energy driving Earth’s weather and climate?
A) Volcanoes
B) Sun
C) Moon
D) Earth’s core
- 7. Which layer of the Earth is responsible for generating its magnetic field?
A) Inner core
B) Crust
C) Outer core
D) Mantle
- 8. What is the most abundant gas in Earth’s atmosphere?
A) Oxygen
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Argon
D) Nitrogen
- 9. What layer of the Earth is composed mostly of solid iron and nickel?
A) Mantle
B) Outer core
C) Crust
D) Inner core
- 10. Which process causes earthquakes and volcanic activity along plate boundaries?
A) Weathering
B) Rock cycle
C) Plate tectonics
D) Erosion
- 11. The process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces is called:
A) Weathering
B) Compaction
C) Cementation
D) Deposition
- 12. The movement of sediments from one place to another is known as:
A) Erosion
B) Lithification
C) Transportation
D) Melting
- 13. Which sphere includes all water on Earth?
A) Biosphere
B) Atmosphere
C) Hydrosphere
D) Lithosphere
- 14. What is the hardest mineral on the Mohs scale?
A) Corundum
B) Quartz
C) Topaz
D) Diamond
- 15. Which mineral is the primary source of table salt?
A) Feldspar
B) Calcite
C) Halite
D) Gypsum
- 16. What type of rock forms from cooled magma or lava?
A) Fossiliferous
B) Metamorphic
C) Sedimentary
D) Igneous
- 17. Rocks that form from heat and pressure are called:
A) Metamorphic
B) Sedimentary
C) Fossiliferous
D) Igneous
- 18. Which sedimentary rock is composed mainly of calcite from shells and skeletons?
A) Sandstone
B) Shale
C) Conglomerate
D) Limestone
- 19. Which property of minerals refers to the way they reflect light?
A) Luster
B) Streak
C) Cleavage
D) Hardness
- 20. What is the main energy resource derived from ancient plants and animals?
A) Geothermal energy
B) Fossil fuels
C) Solar energy
D) Nuclear energy
- 21. Which of the following is NOT a fossil fuel?
A) Natural gas
B) Uranium
C) Oil
D) Coal
- 22. Petroleum is commonly referred to as:
.
A) Natural gas
B) Black rock
C) Crude oil
D) Tar sand
- 23. Which renewable energy comes from the heat inside the Earth?
A) Geothermal
B) Hydropower
C) Biomass
D) Solar
- 24. The Philippines is one of the top producers of which renewable energy?
A) Wind
B) Geothermal
C) Solar
D) Nuclear
- 25. Which province in the Philippines hosts the Tiwi Geothermal Plant?
A) Albay
B) Cebu
C) Bataan
D) Laguna
- 26. Malampaya in Palawan is rich in which energy resource?
A) Coal
B) Geothermal heat
C) Natural gas
D) Oil shale
- 27. The first step in coal formation is:
A) Bituminous
B) Anthracite
C) Lignite
D) Peat
- 28. Which energy resource is considered renewable, clean, and sustainable compared to fossil fuels?
A) Oil
B) Coal
C) Nuclear
D) Geothermal
- 29. What is the largest layer of the Earth by volume?
A) Outer core
B) Crust
C) Inner core
D) Mantle
- 30. Which type of rock often contains fossils?
A) Obsidian
B) Metamorphic
C) Igneous
D) Sedimentary
- 31. Which energy resource harnesses moving air to generate electricity?
A) Geothermal
B) Wind
C) Hydroelectric
D) Solar
- 32. Which renewable energy comes directly from sunlight?
A) Solar
B) Hydroelectric
C) Geothermal
D) Wind
- 33. Which Philippine geothermal plant is located in Laguna and Batangas?
A) BacMan
B) MakBan
C) Palinpinon
D) Tiwi
- 34. The air we breathe belongs to which subsystem?
.
A) Hydrosphere
B) Atmosphere
C) Geosphere
D) Biosphere
- 35. Earthquakes mainly affect which subsystem?
A) Hydrosphere
B) Biosphere
C) Geosphere
D) Atmosphere
- 36. When a volcanic eruption occurs, it releases ash that blocks sunlight. Which Earth subsystem is directly affected first?
A) Hydrosphere
B) Atmosphere
C) Geosphere
D) Biosphere
- 37. If fossil fuel use continues to rise, what will most likely increase in Earth’s atmosphere?
A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Ozone
D) Carbon dioxide
- 38. A village is located near a geothermal plant. What is the main advantage of this energy resource compared to coal?
A) It produces more carbon dioxide
B) It uses less water
C) It is renewable and cleaner
D) It is cheaper to build
- 39. A river near a gold mining site becomes polluted with toxic chemicals. Which two subsystems are most affected?
A) Atmosphere and hydrosphere
B) Biosphere and geosphere
C) Hydrosphere and biosphere
D) Geosphere and atmosphere
- 40. Which type of rock is best to study Earth’s past climate and fossil record?
A) Sedimentary
B) Volcanic glass
C) Metamorphic
D) Igneous
- 41. When coal is burned to produce electricity, which sequence of subsystems interact?
A) Geosphere → atmosphere → biosphere
B) Atmosphere → biosphere → geosphere
C) Hydrosphere → geosphere → biosphere
D) Geosphere → hydrosphere → atmosphere
- 42. A typhoon damages a geothermal power plant. Which energy problem will most likely occur in the community?
A) Lack of sunlight for solar panels
B) No access to nuclear energy
C) Depletion of fossil fuels
D) Shortage of renewable electricity
- 43. If fossil fuels become scarce, which industry will be most affected?
A) Power generation
B) Telecommunications
C) Agriculture
D) Medicine
- 44. The greenhouse effect is primarily caused by the increase of which gas from burning fossil fuels?
A) Carbon dioxide
B) Helium
C) Oxygen
D) Nitrogen
- 45. An oil spill occurred in the sea. Which subsystem is affected first?
A) Biosphere
B) Geosphere
C) Hydrosphere
D) Atmosphere
- 46. If you are part of a government energy committee, which resource would you prioritize for long-term sustainability in the Philippines?
A) Oil
B) Natural gas
C) Geothermal energy
D) Coal
- 47. Suppose fossil fuel reserves in the Philippines run out in 50 years. Which alternative plan is most realistic for national energy security?
A) Use only hydroelectric dams
B) Stop electricity use to conserve resources
C) Build more geothermal and solar plants
D) Import oil from other countries indefinitely
- 48. If tasked to design a policy, how would you balance mineral extraction and environmental protection?
A) Focus only on exporting minerals
B) Permit mining with strict regulations and rehabilitation plans
C) Allow mining without restrictions
D) Ban all mining activities nationwide
- 49. If you are to evaluate the importance of subsystems interaction, which statement is most accurate?
A) Each subsystem functions independently
B) Subsystems always harm one another
C) Subsystems are interconnected; a change in one affects others
D) Only the atmosphere and hydrosphere interact
- 50. If you were to prioritize one subsystem to protect first, which should it be and why?
A) Geosphere, because it forms the land
B) Biosphere, because it includes living things
C) Atmosphere, because it regulates climate
D) Hydrosphere, because water sustains life
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