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Petrified Wood - Quiz
  • 1. This exam will test your knowledge of petrified wood, a fascinating fossil formed when organic material is replaced by minerals over geological time. Let's see how much you know about this ancient and beautiful material.
A) Sudden volcanic eruption burying organic material
B) Chemical decomposition of organic material
C) Rapid freezing of organic material
D) Mineral replacement of organic material
  • 2. What is the primary process that transforms wood into petrified wood?
A) Petrification
B) Fossilization
C) Permineralization
D) Carbonization
  • 3. Which minerals are most commonly responsible for the coloration in petrified wood?
A) Magnesium sulfate
B) Calcium carbonate
C) Silica gel
D) Iron oxides
  • 4. The vibrant reds and yellows in petrified wood are typically caused by the presence of:
A) Lignin
B) Hematite and goethite
C) Chlorophyll
D) Cellulose
  • 5. What is the geological term for the replacement of original organic material with minerals?
A) Metamorphism
B) Diagenesis
C) Authigenesis
D) Stratification
  • 6. The most common mineral that replaces wood in petrified wood is:
A) Quartz
B) Feldspar
C) Calcite
D) Mica
  • 7. Petrified wood is considered a type of:
A) Igneous rock
B) Metamorphic rock
C) Fossil
D) Sedimentary rock
  • 8. What is a common environment where petrified wood is found?
A) Ocean trenches
B) Ancient riverbeds and floodplains
C) Glacial moraines
D) Volcanic ash deposits
  • 9. The excellent preservation of cellular structure in some petrified wood is due to:
A) Decomposition of the organic material
B) Slow, gradual replacement by silica
C) Rapid replacement by calcite
D) Disruption of the cellular structure
  • 10. The age of petrified wood is determined by:
A) Radiometric dating of surrounding rock layers
B) Assessing the mineral composition
C) Observing the color variation
D) Counting the growth rings
  • 11. What does the term 'silicified' mean in the context of petrified wood?
A) Hardened by heat
B) Turned into coal
C) Replaced by silica
D) Compressed under pressure
  • 12. Petrified wood can be used for:
A) Fertilizer production
B) Building materials
C) Fuel for power plants
D) Decorative items and jewelry
  • 13. Which of the following is NOT a mineral commonly found in petrified wood?
A) Quartz
B) Agate
C) Diamond
D) Chalcedony
  • 14. The blue and green colors in some petrified wood are often due to the presence of:
A) Sulfur
B) Cobalt or chromium
C) Iron
D) Manganese
  • 15. Petrified wood is a national fossil of which country?
A) South Africa
B) United States
C) Canada
D) Australia
  • 16. What geological period is most famous for its vast deposits of petrified wood?
A) Precambrian Eon
B) Cenozoic Era
C) Paleozoic Era
D) Mesozoic Era (Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous)
  • 17. The process of petrification typically occurs:
A) In arid desert conditions
B) Underground, in the absence of oxygen
C) On the surface, exposed to sunlight
D) In waterlogged environments
  • 18. What is a common term for the gemstone-quality varieties of petrified wood, often exhibiting banding?
A) Agate
B) Opal
C) Jasper
D) Obsidian
  • 19. The original organic structure of the wood is preserved in petrified wood through:
A) Transformation into pure carbon
B) Microscopic casting of cells
C) Evaporation of all organic components
D) Complete molecular breakdown
  • 20. The distinctive grain patterns in petrified wood are a result of:
A) The speed of fossilization
B) The type of mineral replacement
C) The pressure of surrounding rock
D) The original structure of the wood
  • 21. Petrified wood can be found on every continent except:
A) Antarctica
B) Africa
C) Asia
D) Europe
  • 22. What is the likely cause of black or brown colors in petrified wood?
A) Copper
B) Carbon or manganese
C) Iron
D) Cobalt
  • 23. Which of these factors is crucial for wood to become petrified rather than decompose?
A) Exposure to air and sunlight
B) Decomposition by fungi
C) Burning at high temperatures
D) Rapid burial in mineral-rich water
  • 24. Petrified wood is a key resource for understanding:
A) Past ecosystems and climates
B) The evolution of early humans
C) Ancient mining techniques
D) The development of written language
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