On The Shoulders Of Giants by Robert K. Merton

On The Shoulders Of Giants by Robert K. Merton - Quiz

1. What is the main theme of 'On the Shoulders of Giants'?

A) The role of technology in science.
B) The cumulative nature of scientific knowledge.
C) The individual achievements of scientists.
D) The history of philosophy.

2. Who is the author of 'On the Shoulders of Giants'?

A) Thomas Kuhn.
B) Karl Popper.
C) Imre Lakatos.
D) Robert K. Merton.

3. What metaphor does Merton use in his title?

A) Through the lens of giants.
B) On the shoulders of giants.
C) In the footprints of giants.
D) In the shadow of giants.

4. What is the Matthew Effect?

A) The idea of social mobility.
B) The idea that the rich get richer.
C) The idea of diminishing returns.
D) The idea that everyone is equal.

5. What does Merton explain as a disadvantage of the emphasis on individual scientists?

A) It enhances competition.
B) It fosters innovation.
C) It overlooks collaborative contributions.
D) It encourages independence.

6. In which field did Merton primarily establish his work?

A) Sociology.
B) Psychology.
C) Economics.
D) Physics.

7. What does Merton emphasize about scientific progress?

A) It is entirely original.
B) It is determined by technology.
C) It builds on previous knowledge.
D) It is independent from history.

8. What type of research is highlighted in Merton's work?

A) Theoretical only.
B) Quantitative only.
C) Historical and sociological.
D) Purely experimental.

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