On The Shoulders Of Giants by Robert K. Merton

On The Shoulders Of Giants by Robert K. Merton - Quiz

1. What is the main theme of 'On the Shoulders of Giants'?

A) The history of philosophy.
B) The individual achievements of scientists.
C) The role of technology in science.
D) The cumulative nature of scientific knowledge.

2. Who is the author of 'On the Shoulders of Giants'?

A) Thomas Kuhn.
B) Robert K. Merton.
C) Imre Lakatos.
D) Karl Popper.

3. What metaphor does Merton use in his title?

A) In the shadow of giants.
B) In the footprints of giants.
C) Through the lens of giants.
D) On the shoulders of giants.

4. What type of research is highlighted in Merton's work?

A) Purely experimental.
B) Quantitative only.
C) Theoretical only.
D) Historical and sociological.

5. What is the Matthew Effect?

A) The idea of social mobility.
B) The idea that the rich get richer.
C) The idea of diminishing returns.
D) The idea that everyone is equal.

6. In which field did Merton primarily establish his work?

A) Physics.
B) Psychology.
C) Economics.
D) Sociology.

7. What does Merton explain as a disadvantage of the emphasis on individual scientists?

A) It enhances competition.
B) It fosters innovation.
C) It encourages independence.
D) It overlooks collaborative contributions.

8. What does Merton emphasize about scientific progress?

A) It is independent from history.
B) It builds on previous knowledge.
C) It is determined by technology.
D) It is entirely original.

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