- 1. On May 21, 1998, the Indonesian dictator Suharto, who had ruled the country with an iron fist for an oppressive thirty-two years, finally stepped down from power in the face of overwhelming public protests and economic turmoil. Suharto, once heralded for bringing stability and economic growth to Indonesia, had increasingly become a symbol of authoritarianism and corruption, with his regime characterized by human rights abuses, suppression of dissent, and nepotism. The Asian financial crisis of the late 1990s ignited widespread discontent among the populace, leading to a series of protests that demanded democratic reforms and the end of Suharto's reign. As thousands took to the streets, the military, which had long supported his rule, began to waver in its loyalty, leaving Suharto increasingly isolated. Faced with mounting pressure and the real threat of escalating violence, he resigned, leaving behind a turbulent political landscape. His departure marked a pivotal moment in Indonesian history, signaling the beginning of a new era of reformasi, or reform, as the nation embarked on a challenging journey toward democracy and healing from the scars of dictatorship.
When did Indonesian dictator Suharto step down after 32 years in power?
A) May 21, 1998
B) September 4, 1996
C) July 8, 2002
D) January 12, 2000
- 2. How long was Suharto in power before stepping down?
A) 27 years
B) 22 years
C) 38 years
D) 32 years
- 3. Who succeeded Suharto as the President of Indonesia?
A) Abdurrahman Wahid
B) Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie
C) Megawati Sukarnoputri
D) Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
- 4. Which country did Indonesia experience financial turmoil with in the late 1990s?
A) India
B) Australia
C) Japan
D) Thailand
- 5. What was Suharto's official title during his rule?
A) Dictator
B) President
C) Prime Minister
D) General
- 6. In which year did Suharto come to power in Indonesia?
A) 1983
B) 1975
C) 1991
D) 1967
- 7. What was the name of the political party Suharto belonged to?
A) Golkar
B) PDI
C) PKS
D) PAN
- 8. Which economic policy implemented by Suharto is associated with rapid economic growth and industrialization in Indonesia?
A) Pancasila economic policy
B) People's Consultative Assembly economic policy
C) Reformasi economic policy
D) New Order economic policy
- 9. What was the nickname given to Suharto during his time in power?
A) The Smiling General
B) Grand Master
C) Supreme Leader
D) Iron Fist
- 10. Which country heavily influenced Suharto's anti-communist policies?
A) United States
B) North Korea
C) China
D) Soviet Union
- 11. What role did Suharto hold in the Indonesian military before seizing power?
A) Colonel
B) Lieutenant General
C) Brigadier General
D) Major General
- 12. Which island was Suharto born on?
A) Sumatra
B) Sulawesi
C) Bali
D) Java
- 13. Who led the student protests against Suharto in the late 1990s?
A) Amien Rais
B) Sukarno
C) Gus Dur
D) Abdurrahman Wahid
- 14. In which city did Suharto announce his resignation?
A) Surabaya
B) Medan
C) Jakarta
D) Bandung
- 15. What was the title of Suharto's autobiography, published in 1989?
A) From Soldier to Ruler
B) Journey of a Leader
C) Life in Power
D) My Thoughts, Words, and Deeds
- 16. Which country did Suharto lead as a dictator?
A) Indonesia
B) Philippines
C) Vietnam
D) Thailand
- 17. What was the nickname of Suharto's wife?
A) First Lady Tien
B) Madame Suharto
C) Queen of Indonesia
D) Ibu Tien
- 18. What was the main criticism of Suharto's rule?
A) Strict censorship
B) Corruption
C) Agricultural policies
D) Military expansion
- 19. Which organization pressured Suharto to resign?
A) World Health Organization (WHO)
B) International Monetary Fund (IMF)
C) NATO
D) United Nations (UN)
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