- 1. This exam will test your knowledge of the Shivaliks and Lesser Himalayas within Himachal Pradesh. These ranges form a significant part of the state's topography and hold immense ecological and cultural importance. What is the primary characteristic that defines the Shivalik range?
A) Outermost foothills with steep slopes.
B) Volcanic activity and hot springs.
C) Highest snow-capped peaks.
D) Deep river valleys with glacial features.
- 2. The Lesser Himalayas, also known as the Himachal Himalayas, are situated between which two major ranges?
A) Deccan Plateau and the Western Ghats.
B) Greater Himalayas and the Shivaliks.
C) Trans-Himalayan and Tibetan Plateau.
D) Karakoram and Pir Panjal.
- 3. Which of the following is a prominent feature of the Lesser Himalayas in Himachal Pradesh, characterized by longitudinal valleys formed between the parallel ranges?
A) Canyons
B) Plateaus
C) Duns
D) Glaciers
- 4. The Shivalik range is predominantly composed of which type of geological material?
A) Limestone and marble.
B) Granite and metamorphic rocks.
C) Basaltic lava flows.
D) Unconsolidated sediments and sandstones.
- 5. What is the general elevation range of the Shivalik range in Himachal Pradesh?
A) Above 6000 meters.
B) 600 to 1500 meters.
C) Below 300 meters.
D) Between 3000 and 5000 meters.
- 6. Which river system primarily shapes the landscape of the Shivalik region in Himachal Pradesh?
A) The Brahmaputra River.
B) The Indus River.
C) The Ganges River.
D) The Sutlej and its tributaries.
- 7. The Lesser Himalayas in Himachal Pradesh are known for their rich biodiversity. What type of forests are commonly found in their lower to mid-altitudes?
A) Alpine meadows.
B) Tropical rainforests.
C) Temperate deciduous forests.
D) Mangrove forests.
- 8. Which of the following hill stations is located in the Shivalik range of Himachal Pradesh?
A) Manali
B) Dharampur
C) Kullu
D) Shimla
- 9. The popular tourist destination of McLeod Ganj, associated with the Dalai Lama, is situated in which part of the Lesser Himalayas?
A) Dhauladhar Range
B) Pir Panjal Range
C) Great Himalayas
D) Zanskar Range
- 10. The term 'Himachal' itself refers to the 'Abode of Snow'. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of the higher reaches of the Lesser Himalayas in Himachal Pradesh?
A) Glacial meltwater streams.
B) Alpine pastures.
C) Rocky outcrops and scree slopes.
D) Dense tropical vegetation.
- 11. Which mountain pass connects the Kullu Valley with the Lahaul and Spiti valleys, and is considered part of the Lesser Himalayas?
A) Indrahar Pass
B) Pir Panjal Pass
C) Sutlej Pass
D) Rohtang Pass
- 12. The soil in the Shivalik region is generally fertile, supporting agriculture. What is a common agricultural practice in this area?
A) Hydroponics.
B) Underground farming.
C) Terrace farming.
D) Jhum cultivation (slash and burn).
- 13. The Great Himalayan National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is primarily located within which geographical region of Himachal Pradesh?
A) Outer Himalayas
B) Lesser Himalayas
C) Trans-Himalayan Region
D) Shivalik Range
- 14. What is a major challenge faced by settlements in the Shivalik region due to its geological composition?
A) Landslides and soil erosion.
B) Drought and water scarcity.
C) Volcanic eruptions.
D) Extreme cold and snowfall.
- 15. The Dhauladhar range, a prominent sub-range of the Lesser Himalayas, is known for its picturesque beauty. What is its approximate average elevation?
A) 3,500 to 4,500 meters.
B) 5,000 to 6,000 meters.
C) 1,000 to 2,000 meters.
D) Below 500 meters.
- 16. Which of the following fruits is extensively cultivated in the lower altitudes of the Shivaliks and Lesser Himalayas in Himachal Pradesh?
A) Dates
B) Apples
C) Coconuts
D) Mangoes
- 17. The 'Bhabar' and 'Terai' are ecological zones often associated with Himalayan foothills. The Shivaliks in Himachal Pradesh are analogous to which of these zones?
A) Terai
B) Bhabar
C) Siwalik
D) Doab
- 18. What is a significant source of livelihood for many communities in the Lesser Himalayas, apart from agriculture?
A) Large-scale fishing.
B) Industrial manufacturing.
C) Forestry and tourism.
D) Mining of precious metals.
- 19. The 'Kandi' region, a dry sub-montane tract, is a characteristic feature of which of these Himalayan ranges in Himachal Pradesh?
A) Pir Panjal Range
B) Dhauladhar Range
C) Great Himalayan Range
D) Shivalik Range
- 20. Which of the following is a major river that originates in the higher reaches of the Lesser Himalayas and flows through Himachal Pradesh?
A) Ganges River
B) Indus River
C) Beas River
D) Yamuna River
- 21. The presence of coniferous forests like pine and deodar is typical of which altitudinal zone in the Lesser Himalayas?
A) Low altitudes (below 1000 meters).
B) Mid-altitudes (1500-3000 meters).
C) Coastal regions.
D) High altitudes (above 3000 meters).
- 22. Which of the following factors poses a threat to the natural vegetation and wildlife in the Shivalik region?
A) Deforestation and habitat fragmentation.
B) Glacial expansion.
C) Extreme volcanic activity.
D) Perennial flooding of the entire region.
- 23. The 'Churdhar Peak', the highest peak in the Lesser Himalayas of Himachal Pradesh, is located in which district?
A) Kullu
B) Shimla
C) Sirmaur
D) Chamba
- 24. The socio-economic development of the Shivalik region is often linked to the development of which sector?
A) Offshore oil exploration.
B) Horticulture and small-scale industries.
C) Large-scale mining.
D) Heavy manufacturing.
- 25. The unique geographical features of the Shivaliks and Lesser Himalayas in Himachal Pradesh contribute significantly to:
A) Regional climate patterns and water resource management.
B) Uniform agricultural productivity across the state.
C) Monsoon suppression and desertification.
D) Increased seismic activity in all regions.
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